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Jung J, Park S, Lee CG. How disability severity is associated with changes in physical activity and inactivity from adolescence to young adulthood. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:29. [PMID: 36810126 PMCID: PMC9942288 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disabilities may play a different role in determining people's physical activity (PA) and physical inactivity (PI) levels when they go through multiple lifetime transitions (e.g., graduation, marriage) between adolescence and young adulthood. This study investigates how disability severity is associated with changes in PA and PI engagement levels, focusing on adolescence and young adulthood, when the patterns of PA and PI are usually formed. METHODS The study employed data from Waves 1 (adolescence) and 4 (young adulthood) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which covers a total of 15,701 subjects. We first categorized subjects into 4 disability groups: no, minimal, mild, or moderate/severe disability and/or limitation. We then calculated the differences in PA and PI engagement levels between Waves 1 and 4 at the individual level to measure how much the PA and PI levels of individuals changed between adolescence and young adulthood. Finally, we used two separate multinomial logistic regression models for PA and PI to investigate the relationships between disability severity and the changes in PA and PI engagement levels between the two periods after controlling for multiple demographic (age, race, sex) and socioeconomic (household income level, education level) variables. RESULTS We showed that individuals with minimal disabilities were more likely to decrease their PA levels during transitions from adolescence to young adulthood than those without disabilities. Our findings also revealed that individuals with moderate to severe disabilities tended to have higher PI levels than individuals without disabilities when they were young adults. Furthermore, we found that people above the poverty level were more likely to increase their PA levels to a certain degree compared to people in the group below or near the poverty level. CONCLUSIONS Our study partially indicates that individuals with disabilities are more vulnerable to unhealthy lifestyles due to a lack of PA engagement and increased PI time compared to people without disabilities. We recommend that health agencies at the state and federal levels allocate more resources for individuals with disabilities to mitigate health disparities between those with and without disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Jung
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Seungyeon Park
- Department of Health, Physical Education & Exercise Science, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Chung Gun Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Badau D, Badau A, Trambitas C, Trambitas-Miron D, Moraru R, Stan AA, Oancea BM, Turcu I, Grosu EF, Grosu VT, Daina LG, Daina CM, Suteu CL, Moraru L. Differences between Active and Semi-Active Students Regarding the Parameters of Body Composition Using Bioimpedance and Magnetic Bioresonance Technologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157906. [PMID: 34360200 PMCID: PMC8345541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify differences in obesity-related parameters between active sports students and semi-active or sedentary students, differentiated by sex, in order to optimize health. The study sample included 286 students, of which the male experimental sample consisted of 86 active sports students, age X ± SD 21.25 ± 0.32 years; height X ± SD 181.08 ± 3.52 cm; control group consisting of 89 semi-active students aged X ± SD 21.07 ± 0.1.13 years; height X ± SD 182.11 ± 1.32. The female experimental sample includes 57 active sports students, age X ± SD 21.02 ± 0.92 years; height X ± SD 167.48 ± 1.34 cm; the control group includes 54 semi-active students aged X ± SD 21.57 ± 0.1.98 years; height X ± SD 168.42 ± 1.76. The study used a thalliometer, Tanita Health Ware software and Quantum Resonance Magnetic Analyzer equipment to investigate height (cm), Body Mass Index (BMI), muscle mass (kg, %), as well as the obesity analysis report, and componential analysis of body and nourishment. The differences registered between the samples of active and semi-active sports subjects were predominantly statistically significant for p < 0.05. The differences registered between the samples of active and semi-active sports subjects were predominantly statistically significant for p < 0.05. The most important parameters regarding obesity and body composition that registered significant differences between the two male groups were in favor of the group of active athletes: triglyceride content of abnormal coefficient 0.844 (CI95% 0.590–1.099), abnormal lipid metabolism coefficient 0.798 (CI95% 1.091–0.504), obesity degree of body (ODB %) 10.290 (CI95% 6.610–13.970), BMI 2.326 (CI95% 1.527–3.126), body fat (kg) 2.042 (CI95% 0.918–3.166), muscle volume (kg) 2.565 (CI95% 1.100–4.031), Lean body weight (kg) 2.841 (CI95% 5.265–0.418). In the case of female samples, the group of active sportswomen registered the biggest differences compared to the group of students who were significantly active in the parameters: abnormal lipid metabolism coefficient 1.063 (CI95% 1.380–0.746), triglyceride content of abnormal coefficient 0.807 (CI95% 0.437–1.178), obesity degree of body (ODB%) 8.082 (CI95% 2.983–13.181), BMI 2.285 (CI95% 1.247–3.324), body fat (kg) 2.586 (CI95% 0.905–4.267), muscle volume (kg) 2.570 (CI95% 0.154–4.985), lean body weight (kg) 4.118 (CI95% 1.160–7.077). The results of the study directly facilitate the understanding of the complexity of the impact of obesity on multiple parameters of body composition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Badau
- “Petru Maior” Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adela Badau
- “Petru Maior” Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristian Trambitas
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Dia Trambitas-Miron
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Raluca Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Alexandru Antoniu Stan
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Bogdan Marian Oancea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania; (B.M.O.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioan Turcu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania; (B.M.O.); (I.T.)
| | - Emilia Florina Grosu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Babes Bolyai” University, 540142 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vlad Teodor Grosu
- Faculty of Automotive Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lucia Georgeta Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Cristian Marius Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Corina Lacramioara Suteu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Liviu Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
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Shandra CL. Disability and Patterns of Leisure Participation Across the Life Course. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:801-809. [PMID: 32415840 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patterns of healthy leisure are dependent upon age, but people with disabilities are particularly susceptible to passive and disengaged types of activities. This study evaluates how individuals with disabilities spend their time in passive, active, social, and isolated forms of leisure over the life course, and how these patterns vary by age. METHOD I analyze nationally representative data from 70,165 respondents ages 15 and older in the 2008, 2010, and 2012-2016 American Time Use Survey. Linear regression models estimate the association between disability and leisure time, net of self-rated health and sociodemographic controls. Interactions between age and disability are also evaluated, as well as the robustness of results by sensory, cognitive, physical, and multiple disability status. RESULTS People with disabilities report significantly more, and poorer quality, leisure than people without disabilities. This includes more than 2 hr more time in passive leisure as well as a disproportionate amount of isolated leisure spent at home, alone. These differences are not fully explained by health and sociodemographic controls. The isolated leisure time of people with disabilities is most different from people without disabilities in later life-whereas differences in total and passive leisure time, by disability status, are greatest in midlife. DISCUSSION People with disabilities spend less time in health-promoting forms of leisure at all ages, but these patterns are unique across midlife and older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Shandra
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Stony Brook
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Health Benefits of Light-Intensity Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Accelerometer Data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sports Med 2018; 47:1769-1793. [PMID: 28393328 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of light-intensity physical activity (PA) are not well known today. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review to assess the association of accelerometer-measured light-intensity PA with modifiable health outcomes in adults and older adults. METHODS A systematic literature search up to March 2016 was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar electronic databases, without language limitations, for studies of modifiable health outcomes in adults and older adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey accelerometer dataset. RESULTS Overall, 37 cross-sectional studies and three longitudinal studies were included in the analysis, with considerable variation observed between the studies with regard to their operationalization of light-intensity PA. Light-intensity PA was found to be beneficially associated with obesity, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism, and mortality. Few data were available on musculoskeletal outcomes and results were mixed. CONCLUSIONS Observational evidence that light-intensity PA can confer health benefits is accumulating. Currently inactive or insufficiently active people should be encouraged to engage in PA of any intensity. If longitudinal and intervention studies corroborate our findings, the revision of PA recommendations to include light-intensity activities, at least for currently inactive populations, might be warranted.
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Chigateri NG, Kerse N, Wheeler L, MacDonald B, Klenk J. Validation of an accelerometer for measurement of activity in frail older people. Gait Posture 2018; 66:114-117. [PMID: 30172217 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific gait parameters are associated with falls and injury. It is important to identify walking episodes in order to determine the associated gait parameters. Frail older people have a greater risk of falling due to increased probability of inactivity. Therefore, detection and analysis of their physical activities becomes significant. Furthermore, ascertainment of gait parameters and non-sedentary activities for frail older group is difficult in free living environments - an area which hasn't been explored much. METHODS Participants were 23 older people residing in independent-living retirement homes. Data was inertial sensor signals, attached to the L5 vertebral area using a belt, from scripted activities (a timed up and go, and sit to stand activities) and unscripted activities of daily living collected in a free-living environment. An algorithm designed to identify walking, standing/sitting and lying is applied to the uSense wearable accelerometer data which has been analysed by processing the raw data with a gait detection algorithm and the results were compared against annotated videos which served as the gold standard. Validity of gait assessment was based on the percentage of agreement between the analysed accelerometer data and the corresponding reference video with 100Hz sampling frequency and 0.01 frames/second. RESULTS The median overall agreement between the processed accelerometer data and the annotated video was a match of approximately 92.8% and 95.1% for walking episodes for unscripted and scripted activities respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The tri-axial accelerometer with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz provides a valid measure of gait detection in frail older people aged above 75 years. Since a limited number of studies have reported the use of accelerometers for older people in a free-living context, performance evaluation and establishing the validity of body worn sensors for physical activity and gait recognition is the key goal achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethra Ganesh Chigateri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, 314-390 Khyber Pass Rd, Newmarket, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Ngaire Kerse
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laurian Wheeler
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce MacDonald
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, 314-390 Khyber Pass Rd, Newmarket, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jochen Klenk
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Department of Clinical Gerontology and Rehabilitation, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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Mañas A, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Guadalupe-Grau A, Marín-Puyalto J, Alfaro-Acha A, Rodríguez-Mañas L, García-García FJ, Ara I. Reallocating Accelerometer-Assessed Sedentary Time to Light or Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity Reduces Frailty Levels in Older Adults: An Isotemporal Substitution Approach in the TSHA Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 19:185.e1-185.e6. [PMID: 29269096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of replacing sedentary time with light or moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity on frailty are not well known. AIM To examine the mutually independent associations of sedentary time (ST), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) with frailty status in older adults. METHODS A total of 628 people aged ≥65 years from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging (TSHA) participated in this cross-sectional study. Frailty was measured using the Frailty Trait Scale. Hip-worn accelerometers were used to capture objective measurements of ST, LPA, and MVPA. Linear regression and isotemporal substitution analyses were used to examine associations of ST, LPA, and MVPA with frailty status. Analyses were also stratified by comorbidity. RESULTS In single and partition models, LPA and MVPA were negatively associated with frailty. Time in sedentary behavior was not associated with frailty in these models. In the isotemporal substitution models, replacing 30 minutes/d of ST with MVPA was associated with a decrease in frailty [β -2.460; 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.782, -1.139]. In contrast, replacing ST with LPA was not associated with favorable effects on this outcome. However, when the models were stratified by comorbidity, replacing ST with MVPA had the greatest effect on frailty in both the comorbidity (β -2.556; 95% CI: -4.451, -0.661) and the no comorbidity group (β -2.535; 95% CI: -4.343, -0.726). Moreover, the favorable effects of LPA in people with comorbidities was found when replacing 30 minutes/d of ST with LPA (β -0.568; 95% CI: -1.050, -0.086). CONCLUSIONS Substituting ST with MVPA is associated with theoretical positive effects on frailty. People with comorbidity may also benefit from replacing ST with LPA, which may have important clinical implications in order to decrease the levels of physical frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amelia Guadalupe-Grau
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Marín-Puyalto
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Aragón, Spain
| | - Ana Alfaro-Acha
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; Geriatric Department, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain.
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Exercise Intensity During Power Wheelchair Soccer. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:1938-1944. [PMID: 27288710 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine exercise intensity during power wheelchair soccer among a sample of persons with mobility impairments. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive. SETTING On-site training facilities of multiple power wheelchair soccer teams. PARTICIPANTS Participants with severe mobility impairments (N=30) (mean ± SD, age: 29.40±15.51y, body mass index: 24.11±6.47kg/m2, power soccer experience: 7.91±3.93y, disability sport experience: 12.44±9.73y) were recruited from multiple power wheelchair soccer teams. INTERVENTIONS Portable metabolic carts were used to collect oxygen consumption (V˙o2) data during resting and game play conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Average V˙o2 (expressed in metabolic equivalent tasks [METs]) during resting and game play conditions and rating of perceived exertion for game play. RESULTS V˙o2 increased from 1.35±0.47 METs at rest to 1.81±0.65 METs during game play. This 34% increase in exercise intensity was significant (P<.01) and supported by a mean perceived exertion score of approximately 13 (somewhat hard). CONCLUSIONS Although not able to sustain an intensity associated with reduced secondary disease risk (ie, 3 METs), the documented light-intensity exercise in the current study surpassed an intensity threshold associated with improved functional capacity and performance of daily living activities (ie, 1.5 METs).
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