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Revand R, Kaur S, Deepak KK, Kochhar KP. Planning and implementation of participant-centric group activity on research methodology: perceptions of postgraduate medical students in physiology. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 47:709-717. [PMID: 37560784 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00089.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the key steps in "research methodology" is necessary for all postgraduate students who are enrolled in the medical profession. The objective of the present study was to plan, design, and implement a participant-centric postgraduate skill development activity to inculcate the key principles and components of research methodology. It included 3 goal-oriented component group exercises, namely, 1) framing a research question, 2) critiquing a research article, and 3) writing a research protocol. Out of 25 eligible postgraduate students of our department, 20 participated in all three component group exercises, and they were included in the study. Feedback was obtained from them on a five-point Likert scale after the group exercises. In addition, students were also asked to provide open-ended comments for further improvement of the session. Data from participants' feedback suggested that the majority of the participants expressed satisfaction regarding the plan, conduct, and learning experience of the postgraduate activity. Therefore, participant-centric group activity could be an innovative approach in postgraduate medical education to inculcate the basics of research methodology. It can provide additional emphasis on the components of self-directed learning through individual exercises and unsupervised group dynamics. Supervised group dynamics can inculcate skills in critical thinking, acceptance, communication skills, and teamwork.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Postgraduate medical education is underpinned by supervised and unsupervised learning processes. The current study incorporates an innovative approach to inculcate the basic skills of "research methodology" through three goal-oriented participant-centric group exercises, namely, 1) framing a research question, 2) critiquing a research article, and 3) writing a research protocol. The activities encompass components of self-directed learning through unsupervised group dynamics. They focus on critical thinking, acceptance, communication skills, and teamwork during supervised group dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindran Revand
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Simran Kaur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Deepak
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanwal Preet Kochhar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Solano J, Zuniga Gutierrez M, Pinel-Guzmán E, Henriquez G. Barriers and Solutions to Successful Problem-Based Learning Delivery in Developing Countries - A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43187. [PMID: 37692650 PMCID: PMC10485879 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem-based learning (PBL) was introduced in the 1960s as an alternative to traditional teacher-centered and discipline-based preclinical medical education. A literature review was conducted to explore the barriers and solutions to successful PBL uptake and delivery in developing countries. The review involved the search of articles and scientific studies on PubMed, The Lancet, and Scielo. The review focused on the medical education literature, using as a primary search criterion "problem-based learning" in combination with "developing countries" and "education". The search was limited to articles in Spanish and English published between 2011 and November 2021, except for three articles due to their relevance to the subject. Faculty development programs are the cornerstone when implementing a new methodology in developing countries. Early career development, PBL methodology, and the available assessment options should be the primary learning objectives of these programs. Stakeholders will need to plan using available resources following the experience of other countries and institutions encouraging collaborative development. Evaluation and assessment will be crucial to understand the impact of PBL, and considerations should be taken to implement an integrated curriculum. Medical Education Research should be encouraged, appraised, and disseminated to improve evidence-based decision-making, creating a constant development cycle. PBL is innovative and represents many unanswered questions that will develop in the following decade as more schools implement new methodologies and Research on PBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhiamluka Solano
- Cardiology, Scunthorpe General Hospital, North Lincolnshire, GBR
- Research and Development, Asociación de Educación Médica Hondureña, Tegucigalpa, HND
| | | | | | - Génesis Henriquez
- Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, HND
- Medicine, Asociación de Educación Médica Hondureña, Tegucigalpa, HND
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Rajopadhye BD, Londhe VA, Pingle NA, Dhande PP. Pharmacology Lecture Classes with Powerpoint Presentation: Perception of Phase II Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.51847/jfolwqaerl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Farmers’ Perception of the Use and Benefits of Cowpea Storage Methods in Northern Ghana. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Insect infestation during the storage of cowpea is a major challenge among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Farmers use various postharvest storage methods to deal with insect pests, including insecticides, which may result in health and environmental hazards. Four hundred (400) cowpea farmers were interviewed on their perceptions and preference of different storage methods in Northern Ghana. About 58% of farmers applied insecticides, 50% used ash, and 42% used hermetic triple-layer bags (Purdue Improved Crop Storage, PICS) to store cowpea. Most farmers (85.6%) preferred the PICS technology for its effectiveness (compared to insecticides, ash, and botanicals). Reasons for the non-use of PICS bags included unavailability (39.5%) and high price (11.7%). Farmers perceived that storing cowpea in PICS bags lowered pesticide-related health risks for both farmers and consumers. Thus, there is a need to improve the availability and affordability of PICS bags in Northern Ghana.
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Khemiss M, Gassara Y, Azouzi I, Awadni A, Ben Khélifa M. Assessment of learning by students in dental medicine: case of the faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir (Tunisia). LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2022; 100:185-191. [PMID: 36005909 PMCID: PMC9382586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The teaching methods used in medical science are constantly evolving. To identify the involvement of students in their training, a study of their evaluation of the different teaching methods is essential. AIM To evaluate the different teaching methods offered by the faculty of dental medicine of Monastir by students. METHODS A descriptive and qualitative study was conducted among students in the 6th year of the faculty during the academic year 2020/2021. The data were collected through a questionnaire written in french evaluating the teaching methods. A focus group of ten persons was led to understand better student's opinions. RESULTS Among the 240 enrolled students, 161 responded to the questionnaire. They considered themselves as fully (18.6%) or partially (66.4%) active learners. However, 67.1% of them judged their FMDM training below their expectations. Clinical education is the teaching method most appreciated by students (46.7%) followed by practical work (24.8) and lecture note (15.5%). CONCLUSION This study showed that students are interested in studying dentistry. However, they criticize the teaching methods used which present a certain passivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khemiss
- 1. Service de Médecine Dentaire/Hôpital universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Université de Monastir/ Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir
| | - Yosra Gassara
- 2. Service de Prothèse fixée/Clinique Dentaire de Monastir, Université de Monastir/Faculté de Médecine Dentaire
| | - Ines Azouzi
- 3. Service de Médecine Dentaire/Hôpital militaire de Tunis, Université de Monastir/Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir
| | - Achraf Awadni
- 1. Service de Médecine Dentaire/Hôpital universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Université de Monastir/ Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir
| | - Mohamed Ben Khélifa
- 1. Service de Médecine Dentaire/Hôpital universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Université de Monastir/ Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de Monastir
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Alomar AZ. Undergraduate Medical Students' Perceptions of an Online Audio-Visual-Based Module for Teaching Musculoskeletal Physical Examination Skills. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2022; 9:23821205221078794. [PMID: 35356417 PMCID: PMC8958220 DOI: 10.1177/23821205221078794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Video-based learning has gained prominence in medical education and, more recently, in musculoskeletal teaching. This study investigated medical students' perceptions of the effectiveness of online video-based learning for musculoskeletal physical examination skills. METHODS For one academic year, undergraduate medical students were instructed online through video-based learning before bedside teaching about the physical examination of knee and shoulder joints. At the end of the course, the students participated in a survey to assess their perceptions of the online video-based learning module using a pre-validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of closed-ended and open-ended questions. The closed-ended question responses were assessed using a Likert scale; the open-ended responses were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS In total, 242 out of 310 students who participated in the online video-based learning responded to the survey. Most students found the teaching approach to be satisfactory and preferable to traditional teaching methods. However, they also felt that these modules could not replace hands-on practice. The most helpful aspects of the training modules were a better understanding of the specific tests, technique, and sequence of administering the physical examination. Perceived limitations included the inadequately addressed theoretical basis of the physical examination and the special tests, the need for more time to explain clinical anatomy, and the practical implications of the positive special tests. CONCLUSION Undergraduate medical students perceive VBL as helpful for MPES learning. The positive aspects of the VBL approach in teaching MPES are that it is comprehensive, easily accessible, offers standardized teaching, save times, and it includes demonstrations of special tests, examination techniques, and the sequence and organization of the clinical examination. The main perceived limitations were lack of content regarding clinical reasoning and the anatomical basis of the clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Z Alomar
- Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Division, Orthopaedic
Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
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Mahanta P, Kalita D, Phukon C, Konwar R, Das K, Ullah MK, Singh Yadav D, Deka S. Indian Medical Undergraduates' Perceptions of Effective Teaching Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:473-479. [PMID: 34007237 PMCID: PMC8123944 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s306598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It becomes a challenge for a teacher to find a student-friendly approach to teach too many students in a class. The teaching methods used during medical education have a significant impact on learning among medical students. A practical and informative teaching technique is considered an essential component of that education. The present study aimed to determine the best interactive teaching method based on Indian medical undergraduates' perceptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current investigation was a cross-sectional descriptive study that included 100 undergraduate medical students. A structured sample class on a specified topic was conducted using Microsoft PowerPoint (PPT) and a "chalk and talk" (CNT) method. Students' opinions of the class were assessed via a Likert scale questionnaire in which, for each of the two methods, the students were asked to rank twelve comments on a four-point scale: strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree. Descriptive statistics were calculated to evaluate the distributions of their responses. The z test for two proportions was used to test a significant difference in respondents' proportions towards various perceptions regarding the two teaching methods under study. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. RESULTS Students understood the lesson content better when the teacher used the CNT approach (p<0.005). The CNT method was also associated with better interaction than the PPT technique (p=0.03) and facilitated better student concentration and retention of the class content (p=0.03). The students reported that there was less eye contact associated with the PPT technique (61%) but found the content thus delivered fascinating (78%), informative (91%), and organized (85%) as compared to the CNT approach. CONCLUSION The traditional CNT approach is an effective classroom teaching method. The current study highlights student preferences for a combined teaching method that includes CNT and PPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putul Mahanta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Deepjyoti Kalita
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Chiranjita Phukon
- Department of Medicine, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Ranjumoni Konwar
- Department of Radiology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, India
| | - Kahua Das
- Department of Physiology, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Md Kalim Ullah
- Department of Dentistry, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh Yadav
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Directorate of Forensic Science Services, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, Bhopal, India
| | - Sangeeta Deka
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Challa KT, Sayed A, Acharya Y. Modern techniques of teaching and learning in medical education: a descriptive literature review. MEDEDPUBLISH 2021; 10:18. [PMID: 38486533 PMCID: PMC10939590 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2021.000018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. OBJECTIVES Education is a dynamic process that has to be refined periodically. Lack of innovative teaching techniques in academics makes medical curricula inadequate in making a significant stride towards the future. The objective of this review is to describe and assess alternative methods of teaching and learning which can be supplementive or alternative to traditional lectures for promoting active student participation and smooth flow of information. METHODS A review of literature is performed with PubMed and EBSCO using the keywords: "learning" OR "didactic learning" OR "alternative learning" OR "modern learning techniques" AND "medical education". Databases were searched and 500 studies were identified out of which 200 were selected for further screening based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Articles were surveyed based on their relevance and significance to our study objectives with both qualitative and quantitative studies were examined. RESULTS Case-based learning, evidence-based medicine, problem-based learning, simulation-based learning, e-learning, peer-assisted learning, observational learning, flipped classroom and team based learning are some of the modern learning methodologies. The various learning methods discussed attend to individual learning differences allowing students to broaden their thinking and professional knowledge by improving logical and critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and time management. Early introduction of integrative approaches develop student competency and leadership equipping students for a smooth transit into the clinical practice. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance and challenges of modern learning systems. With technological advancement and wider implications of medical information, students require innovative skills through inter-professional learning. It is necessary to introduce and implement flexible medical curricula that accommodates distinct modern teaching to effectively balance and bridge the gap between traditional teaching methodologies and modern educational requirements.
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Ahmed SA, Hegazy NN, Abdel Malak HW, Cliff Kayser W, Elrafie NM, Hassanien M, Al-Hayani AA, El Saadany SA, Ai-Youbi AO, Shehata MH. Model for utilizing distance learning post COVID-19 using (PACT)™ a cross sectional qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:400. [PMID: 33138818 PMCID: PMC7605338 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID - 19 pandemic pressured medical schools globally to shift to Distance learning (DL) as an alternative way to ensure that the content delivered is satisfactory for student progression. AIM OF THE WORK This work aims at mapping priorities for post-COVID planning for better balance between distance learning and face to face learning. METHODS This qualitative study aimed to develop a model for utilizing DL using The Polarity Approach for Continuity and Transformation (PACT)™. A virtual mapping session was held with 79 faculty from 19 countries. They worked in small groups to determine upsides and downsides of face-to-face and DL subsequently. An initial polarity map was generated identifying five tension areas; Faculty, Students, Curriculum, Social aspects and Logistics. A 63-item assessment tool was generated based on this map, piloted and then distributed as a self-administered assessment. The outcomes of this assessment were utilized for another mapping session to discuss warning signs and action steps to maintain upsides and avoid downsides of each pole. RESULTS Participants agreed that face-to-face teaching allows them to inspire students and have meaningful connections with them. They also agreed that DL provides a good environment for most students. However, students with financial challenges and special needs may not have equal opportunities to access technology. As regards social issues, participants agreed that face-to-face learning provides a better chance for professionalism through enhanced team-work. Cognitive, communication and clinical skills are best achieved in face-to-face. Participants agreed that logistics for conducting DL are much more complicated when compared to face-to-face learning. Participants identified around 10 warning signs for each method that need to be continuously monitored in order to minimize the drawbacks of over focusing on one pole at the expense of the other. Action steps were determined to ensure optimized use of in either method. CONCLUSION In order to plan for the future, we need to understand the dynamics of education within the context of polarities. Educators need to understand that the choice of DL, although was imposed as a no-alternative solution during the COVID era, yet it has always existed as a possible alternative and will continue to exist after this era. The value of polarity mapping and leveraging allows us to maximize the benefit of each method and guide educators' decisions to minimize the downsides for the good of the learning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Ahmed
- Professor of Forensic Medicine, Director Ain shams University Middle East North Africa FAIMER Regional Institute, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa N Hegazy
- Associate professor of Family Medicine, Director of Medical education and Human Resources Center Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, ASU MENA FAIMER Regional Institute 2019 fellow, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Hany W Abdel Malak
- Professor of Anatomy & Embryology at faculty of medicine - ASU & AFCM. Director of online presence at ASU MENA FAIMER, Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - W Cliff Kayser
- Chief Science Officer, SixSeed Partners, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Noha M Elrafie
- Assistant lecturer of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, ASU MENA FAIMER Regional Institute 2019 fellow, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hassanien
- King Abdulaziz University, Vice presidency for educational affairs and college of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abdulmonem A Al-Hayani
- University Vice President for Educational Affairs and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El Saadany
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah Saudi Arabia, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman O Ai-Youbi
- University President and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Shehata
- Professor of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Kingdom of Bahrain and Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Jana PK, Sarkar TK, Adhikari M, Chellaiyan VG, Ali FL, Chowdhuri S. A study on the preference of teaching methods among medical undergraduate students in a tertiary care teaching hospital, India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:275. [PMID: 33282980 PMCID: PMC7709748 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_232_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In medical education, the learning-teaching method is an active process in which both students and teachers have to work mutually to enlighten the knowledge. Currently, in India, there is an increase in the enrollment of students in medical fields and thus medical educators face the challenge of teaching larger classes in a short period. Furthermore, it is observed that there is a lack of consensus about the best teaching and learning methods for medical students. This study aims to assess the preference of teaching methods and identify the reason for absenteeism among medical undergraduate students in a tertiary care teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 medical undergraduate students in a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2019 to October 2019. A pretested, validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the preference of teaching methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS-IBM software 23. RESULTS The majority of the students belonged to 20-21 years of age group. Most of the students preferred practical demonstration (81.3%) as the preferred method of teaching and computer with a liquid crystal display projector as ideal media for teaching (63.8%). Boring/monotonous teaching class was found (73.5%) to be an important cause for absenteeism among medical undergraduate students. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the medical student's preference is changing from passive learning to active learning. We conclude by linking these emerging perceptions with suggestions to help drive excellence in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Kumar Jana
- Department of Community Medicine, Murshidabad Medical College, Berhampore, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Murshidabad Medical College, Berhampore, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinmoy Adhikari
- Department of Community Medicine, Murshidabad Medical College, Berhampore, West Bengal, India
| | - Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelembakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fasna Liaquath Ali
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth - Deemed to be University, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shubho Chowdhuri
- MBBS Undergraduate Student, Murshidabad Medical College, West Bengal, India
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Ramkumar J, Sharma N. Simulation-Based Medical Education in Undergraduate Curriculum: Will a Home-Developed Model Suffice? MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2020; 30:439-444. [PMID: 34457687 PMCID: PMC8368158 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-00926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A medical student needs to understand the integral theory of continence, clinically elicit urethral hypermobility and understand the surgical principles of repair. A skill development model was designed for the final year curriculum of medical students to explain the basic knowledge of integral theory of continence along with surgical repair of urinary incontinence. AIM The primary objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of simulation-based teaching (SBT) using a home-developed model as compared to video-based teaching (VBT). The secondary objective was to elicit the feedback of students who underwent SBT. METHODS One hundred fifty-nine medical students participated in the study. Simulation-based teaching (SBT) (n = 81) was compared with video-based teaching (VBT) (n = 78). Pretest and posttest results were used to assess learning. Feedback was obtained to improve the existing teaching method. RESULTS In the VBT group, the posttest values of lowest score, 25th percentile, 75th percentile, and maximum scores were 9, 10, 12, and 15, respectively. In the SBT group, the posttest values of lowest score, 25th percentile, 75th percentile and maximum scores were 11, 12, 14, and 15, respectively. The students were able to comprehend the anatomical landmarks and integral theory of urinary continence better in SBT group. The surgical technique demonstration and hands-on training done on the pelvic model improved their comprehension. CONCLUSION A home-developed model is an effective and economic tool in training medical students. This prototype model of education can be employed as a teaching tool in other surgical disciplines as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayavelan Ramkumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600116 India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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Zhang Y, Xu G, Hou J, Shi P, Chang S, Wu A, Song A, Gao M, Cheng X, Cui D, Wu H, Huang X, Shi J. Problem-Based Learning Could Tackle the Issue of Insufficient Education and Adherence in People Living With HIV/AIDS. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:901. [PMID: 31507409 PMCID: PMC6716138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poor medication adherence is still the main cause of antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Effective behavioral interventions are needed to improve HIV awareness and medication adherence. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) approaches to HIV-related education and adherence outcomes among PLWHA and a college student sample. In our study, compared with 309 demography-matched control participants using conventional counseling methods (109 PLWHA and 200 college students), 321 subjects (111 PLWHA and 210 college students) chose to learn HIV-related knowledge via PBL-integrated methods. Co-primary outcomes were self-administered questionnaire after HIV-related education by all participants and self-reported medication adherence by newly diagnosed PLWHA, measured in terms of the number of missed doses in the past week at each of the seven visits during a 1-year period. Multivariate regression models adjusting different covariates were used to test the robustness of HIV awareness and adherence association. Mediation model was used to investigate the relationship among PBL training, awareness of HIV, and ART adherence. Results: The knowledge scores of participants in the PBL group were higher than those in the controls (P = 0.001), especially the subgroup of newly diagnosed PLWHA in the PBL group (P = 0.001). The HIV-related health scores of the PBL college students were also higher than those of subjects exposed to conventional education (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two by newly diagnosed PLWHA groups in the number of missed doses during the past week at each visit except at the first follow-up visit (P = 0.018). The indirect effect of PBL-integrated education on ART adherence at the 2-week visit through HIV awareness had a point estimate of 0.0349 and a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval of 0.0061∼0.0874 in newly diagnosed PLWHA. Conclusions: PLWHA and college students using PBL showed improved awareness of HIV and higher levels of recent ART adherence; however, there was no change in long-term ART adherence in newly diagnosed PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Dermatological department, Qingdao Infectious Diseases Hospital, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Xu
- Dermatological department, Qingdao Infectious Diseases Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peirong Shi
- Dermatological department, Qingdao Infectious Diseases Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Amos Wu
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockfeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aixin Song
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Gao
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangpu Cheng
- Education Department, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Education Department, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing, China
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Bashir K, Farook KS, Thomas SH. The learning preferences of millennial emergency medicine residents in Qatar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 10:136-137. [PMID: 31353323 PMCID: PMC6773367 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5d1b.ae92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bashir
- Department of Emergency medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Stephen H. Thomas
- Department of Emergency medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Murthi KM. Evolution of Occupational Therapy Practice in India: An Overview of the Historical Foundation and Current Practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3928/24761222-20190314-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Patel AB, Kalkat HS. Teaching models in the clinical years of medical education. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:309-310. [PMID: 31191081 PMCID: PMC6536123 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s186141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Bipin Patel
- Department of Undergraduate Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Harkaran Singh Kalkat
- Department of Undergraduate Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Kumar N, Kanchan T, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Bhagwan D, Radhakrishnan Y. Incorporating problem based learning into medical curriculum: An experience from a medical college in Mangalore. Indian J Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29515274 PMCID: PMC5830844 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_492_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Medical Council of India (MCI) has envisioned a change in the undergraduate medical curriculum by encouraging integrated teaching and Problem Based Learning (PBL). METHODS In this cross-sectional study 110 medical teachers of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore were assessed regarding their perception on PBL. Independent t-test was applied to find out the difference in the mean perception scores regarding PBL among the teachers in pre/para-clinical and clinical departments and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS PBL as a teaching method was preferred by 65.2% medical teachers. The teachers from clinical departments (Mean 4.1, SD 0.8) perceived PBL sessions to be more effective than the traditional methods than those from the pre-clinical and para clinical departments (Mean 3.7, SD 3.7) and this difference was found to be statistically significant. (P =0.028). CONCLUSION PBL can complement integrated teaching and motivates students towards self-learning, and apply the learnt concepts of basic specialties to clinical problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshan Bhagwan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yeshwanter Radhakrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ambwani S, Vegada B, Sidhu R, Charan J. Impact of Integrated Teaching Sessions for Comprehensive Learning and Rational Pharmacotherapeutics for Medical Undergraduates. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2018; 7:S57-S61. [PMID: 29344460 PMCID: PMC5769173 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_130_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is postulated that integrated teaching method may enhance retention of the knowledge and clinical applicability of the basic sciences as compared to the didactic method. Aim: The present study was undertaken to compare the integrated teaching method with the didactic method for the learning ability and clinical applicability of the basic sciences. Materials and Methods: The 2nd year MBBS students were divided into two groups randomly. The study was conducted into two stages. In the first stage, conventional didactic lectures on hypertension (HT) were delivered to one group and multidisciplinary integrated teaching to another group. For the second stage, diabetes mellitus groups were swapped. Retention of the knowledge between the groups were assessed through a multiple choice questions (MCQ) test. Feedback of the students and faculty was obtained on a 5 point Likert scale. For the comparison, student's data were regrouped into four groups, i.e., integrated HT, didactic HT, integrated diabetes and didactic diabetes. Results: There was no significant difference of MCQ score between integrated HT, didactic HT, and integrated diabetes group. However, the score obtained in didactic diabetes was significantly more (P = 0.00) than other groups. Majority of the students favored integrated teaching for clinical application of basic science and learning of the skill for the future clinical practice. Faculties considered integrated method as a useful method and suggested frequent use of this method. Conclusion: There was no clear difference in knowledge acquisition; however, the students and faculties favored integrated teaching method in the feedback questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ambwani
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhavisha Vegada
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rimple Sidhu
- Department of Pharmacology, SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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18
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Fatima SS, Arain FM, Enam SA. Flipped classroom instructional approach in undergraduate medical education. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:1424-1428. [PMID: 29492071 PMCID: PMC5768837 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.336.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study we implemented the “flipped classroom” model to enhance active learning in medical students taking neurosciences module at Aga Khan University, Karachi. Methods: Ninety eight undergraduate medical students participated in this study. The study was conducted from January till March 2017. Study material was provided to students in form of video lecture and reading material for the non-face to face sitting, while face to face time was spent on activities such as case solving, group discussions, and quizzes to consolidate learning under the supervision of faculty. To ensure deeper learning, we used pre- and post-class quizzes, work sheets and blog posts for each session. Student feedback was recorded via a likert scale survey. Results: Eighty four percent students gave positive responses towards utility of flipped classroom in terms of being highly interactive, thought provoking and activity lead learning. Seventy five percent of the class completed the pre-session preparation. Students reported that their queries and misconceptions were cleared in a much better way in the face-to-face session as compared to the traditional setting (4.09 ±1.04). Conclusion: Flipped classroom(FCR) teaching and learning pedagogy is an effective way of enhancing student engagement and active learning. Thus, this pedagogy can be used as an effective tool in medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Sadia Fatima
- Syeda Sadia Fatima, MBBS, M.Phil, PhD. Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Manzoor Arain
- Fazal Manzoor Arain, MBBS, PhD. Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ather Enam
- Syed Ather Enam, MD, PhD, FRCS, FRCS, FACS. Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ayyub A, Mahboob U. Effectiveness of Test-Enhanced Learning (TEL) in lectures for undergraduate medical students. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:1339-1343. [PMID: 29492055 PMCID: PMC5768821 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.336.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effectiveness of Test-Enhanced learning as a learning tool in lectures for undergraduate medical students. Method This quantitative, randomized controlled trial included eighty-four students of 4th year MBBS from Yusra Medical & Dental College, Islamabad. The duration of study was from March 2016 to August 2016. After obtaining the informed consent; participants were equally assigned to interventional and non-interventional study groups through stratified randomization. Single best answer MCQs of special pathology were used as data collection instrument after validation. A pre- and post-test was taken from both groups, before and after the intervention, respectively and their results were compared using SPSS version 21. Results There were 13 male (31%) and 29 female (69%) participants in each study group who showed an equivalent baseline performance on pre-test (p=0.95). Statistically significant difference was found among mean scores of interventional and non-interventional study groups at exit exam (p=0.00). Interventional group also showed a significant improvement in their post-test scores (mean: 17.17±1.59) as compared to pre-test scores (mean: 6.19±1.81). Conclusions Test-enhanced learning has significant effect on improving the learning of course content delivered to undergraduate medical students through lectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ayyub
- Dr. Aisha Ayyub, MBBS, PG Dip, M Phil (Pathology), CHPE, MHPE, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, KMU-Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Usman Mahboob
- Dr. Usman Mahboob, MBBS, MPH, FHEA, DHPE, Assistant Professor in Medical Education, Institute of Health Professions Education & Research (IHPER) Khyber Medical University (KMU), Peshawar, Pakistan
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Ahsan M, Mallick AK. Use of prelecture assignment to enhance learning in pharmacology lectures for the 2 nd year medical students. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 48:S65-S68. [PMID: 28031612 PMCID: PMC5178060 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.193326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Majority of teaching hours allotted by the Medical Council of India in pharmacology are utilized in the form of didactic lecture. Although these lectures are an excellent tool to deliver the information to a large group of students, it usually ends up as a one-sided teaching session with most students being the passive listeners. To make these lectures interesting and effective, we introduced the students to prelecture assignment (PLA) in the form of clinical case before the delivery of the lecture. METHODS This prospective educational trial was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology with undergraduate medical students in their 2nd year of their professional course. They were divided into two groups of 75 each. Group A was provided the PLA before the lecture. Group B students directly attended the lecture, sans the PLA. Multiple-choice questions-based test was conducted 2 days after the lecture. Students who failed to complete the assignment and were absent from the lecture and test were excluded from the study. Feedback from the students was obtained after the lecture. The scores in the test and responses were compiled and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results were expressed in percentages and as mean ± standard deviation as applicable. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty-six students from Group A and 42 from Group B appeared for the test. The students who were given PLA scored better. They felt more confident in answering and understood the topic better than the students of other group. CONCLUSION PLA is a useful teaching-learning tool. The pharmacology lectures are interactive, interesting, and easy to understand with this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayaz Khurram Mallick
- Department of Biochemistry, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tumwine JK. Non-communicable diseases are reaching epidemic proportions: evidence from low and middle income countries. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:i-iv. [PMID: 24250333 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.94044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James K Tumwine
- African Health Sciences, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences
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