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Suhaini NAM, Pauzi MF, Juhari SN, Bakar NAA, Moon JY. Evaluation of the antinociceptive activities of natural propolis extract derived from stingless bee Trigona thoracica in mice. Korean J Pain 2024; 37:141-150. [PMID: 38557655 PMCID: PMC10985486 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background : Stingless bee propolis is a popular traditional folk medicine and has been employed since ancient times. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive activities of the chemical constituents of aqueous propolis extract (APE) collected by Trigona thoracica in a nociceptive model in mice. Methods : The identification of chemical constituents of APE was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ninety-six male Swiss mice were administered APE (400 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg, and 2,000 mg/kg) before developing nociceptive pain models. Then, the antinociceptive properties of each APE dose were evaluated in acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, hot plate test, and formalin-induced paw licking test. Administration of normal saline, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 mg/kg, orally), and morphine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were used for the experiments. Results : HPLC revealed that the APE from Trigona thoracica contained p-coumaric acid (R2 = 0.999) and caffeic acid (R2 = 0.998). Although all APE dosages showed inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, only 2,000 mg/kg was comparable to the result of ASA (68.7% vs. 73.3%, respectively). In the hot plate test, only 2,000 mg/kg of APE increased the latency time significantly compared to the control. In the formalin test, the durations of paw licking were significantly reduced at early and late phases in all APE groups with a decrease from 45.1% to 53.3%. Conclusions : APE from Trigona thoracica, containing p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, exhibited antinociceptive effects, which supports its potential use in targeting the prevention or reversal of central and peripheral sensitization that may produce clinical pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Faeiz Pauzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Jee Youn Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Eva TA, Mamurat H, Rahat MHH, Hossen SMM. Unveiling the pharmacological potential of Coelogyne suaveolens: An investigation of its diverse pharmacological activities by in vivo and computational studies. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1749-1767. [PMID: 38455216 PMCID: PMC10916579 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The medicinal potential of Coelogyne suaveolens, a traditional medicinal plant, was investigated through in vivo and molecular docking studies. The ethyl acetate fraction of the plant's acetonic extract was subjected to various bioactivity tests to assess its analgesic, anxiolytic, and sedative effects on Swiss albino mice. Furthermore, we used GCMS to identify the bioactive chemicals in the extract's ethyl acetate fraction. The root and bulb extracts demonstrated significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and tail immersion tests in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control. Again, the extract exhibited moderate anxiolytic activity in the elevated plus maze test at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight, while the root extract showed significant anxiolytic activity in the hole board test at the same dosage. Significant sedative activity was observed in the hole cross, open field, and rotarod tests at a dosage of 400 mg/kg. According to molecular docking studies, the extract has the potential to serve as an analgesic medication by reducing the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Overall, the findings suggest that C. suaveolens has substantial therapeutic potential for the development of novel treatments for pain, anxiety, and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslima Akter Eva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Husnum Mamurat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Md. Habibul Hasan Rahat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - S. M. Moazzem Hossen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
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Bhattacharya K, Chandra Nath B, Ahmed E, Khanal P, Chanu NR, Deka S, Das D, Shrivastava AK. Integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and simulations to evaluate phytochemicals from Drymaria cordata against cervical cancer. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4188-4200. [PMID: 38292259 PMCID: PMC10825855 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is prevalent among women worldwide. It is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. Mostly, it is observed in developing nations due to limited access to screening tools. Natural products with anticancer properties and fewer side effects have gained attention. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential of Drymaria cordata as a natural source for treating cervical cancer. Methodology: Phytocompounds present in Drymaria cordata were screened for their molecular properties and drug-likeness. The selected compounds were studied using systems biology tools such as network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, including MMGBSA studies. Results: Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-rhamnopyranoside was identified as a hit compound targeting HRAS and VEGFA proteins. These proteins were found to be responsible for the maximum number of pathway modulations in cervical cancer. Conclusion: Drymaria cordata exhibits potential for treating cervical cancer due to the presence of quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-rhamnopyranoside. Further validation of these findings through in vitro and in vivo studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Bhattacharya
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guwahati Assam 781026 India
- Royal School of Pharmacy, The Assam Royal Global University Assam 781035 India
| | | | - Ekbal Ahmed
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guwahati Assam 781026 India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER) Belagavi 590010 India
| | - Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guwahati Assam 781026 India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Downtown University Assam 781026 India
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guwahati Assam 781026 India
| | - Dibyajyoti Das
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guwahati Assam 781026 India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh 786004 India
| | - Amit Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Universal College of Medical Sciences, and Teaching Hospital Bhairahawa, Rupandehi 32900 Nepal
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Noushahi HA, Khan AH, Noushahi UF, Hussain M, Javed T, Zafar M, Batool M, Ahmed U, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Fahad S, Shu S. Biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and strategies to improve their Biosynthetic Efficiency. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 97:439-454. [PMID: 35382096 PMCID: PMC8969394 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-022-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
"Triterpenoids" can be considered natural products derived from the cyclization of squalene, yielding 3-deoxytriterpenes (hydrocarbons) or 3-hydroxytriterpenes. Triterpenoids are metabolites of these two classes of triterpenes, produced by the functionalization of their carbon skeleton. They can be categorized into different groups based on their structural formula/design. Triterpenoids are an important group of compounds that are widely used in the fields of pharmacology, food, and industrial biotechnology. However, inadequate synthetic methods and insufficient knowledge of the biosynthesis of triterpenoids, such as their structure, enzymatic activity, and the methods used to produce pure and active triterpenoids, are key problems that limit the production of these active metabolites. Here, we summarize the derivatives, pharmaceutical properties, and biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids and review the enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we concluded the screening methods, identified the genes involved in the pathways, and highlighted the appropriate strategies used to enhance their biosynthetic production to facilitate the commercial process of triterpenoids through the synthetic biology method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Armghan Noushahi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Plant Breeding and Phenomic Centre, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetics Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Usama Farhan Noushahi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Hussain
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Maimoona Zafar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 7250 Burnie, Tasmania Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 7250 Burnie, Tasmania Australia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, 276000 Linyi, Shandong China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620 Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
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Laldingliani TBC, Thangjam NM, Zomuanawma R, Bawitlung L, Pal A, Kumar A. Ethnomedicinal study of medicinal plants used by Mizo tribes in Champhai district of Mizoram, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:22. [PMID: 35331291 PMCID: PMC8944157 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants have been used countless times for curing diseases mainly in developing countries. They are easily available with little to no side effects when compared to modern medicine. This manuscript encompasses information on ethnomedicinal plants in Champhai district, located in the North East Region (NER) of India. The region lies within Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. This study will be the first quantitative report on the ethnomedicinal plants used by the local tribes of this region. Knowledge of medicinal plants is mostly acquired by word of mouth, and the knowledge is dying among the local youths with the prevalence of modern medicine. Hence, there is urgency in deciphering and recording such information. METHODS Information was gathered through interviews with 200 informants across 15 villages of the Champhai district. From the data obtained, we evaluate indices such as used report (UR), frequency of citation (FC), informant consensus factor (Fic), cultural values (CVs) and relative importance (RI) for all the plant species. Secondary data were obtained from scientific databases such as Pubmed, Sci Finder and Science Direct. The scientific name of the plants was matched and arranged in consultation with the working list of all plant species ( http://www.theplantlist.org ). RESULTS Totally, 93 plant species from 53 families and 85 genera were recorded. The most common families are Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae with six and five species representatives, respectively. Leaves were the most frequently used part of a plant and were usually used in the form of decoction. Curcuma longa has the most cultural value (27.28 CVs) with the highest used report (136 FC), and the highest RI value was Phyllanthus emblica. The main illness categories as per Frequency of citation were muscle/bone problem (0.962 Fic), gastro-intestinal disease (0.956 Fic) and skin care (0.953 Fic). CONCLUSION The people of Mizoram living in the Champhai district have an immense knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants. There were no side effects recorded for consuming ethnomedicinal plants. We observed that there is a scope of scientific validation of 10 plant species for their pharmacological activity and 13 species for the phytochemical characterisation or isolation of the phytochemicals. This might pave the path for developing a scientifically validated botanical or lead to semisyntheic derivatives intended for modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B C Laldingliani
- Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Nurpen Meitei Thangjam
- Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - R Zomuanawma
- Department of Botany, School of Life Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Laldingngheti Bawitlung
- Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Bioprospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India.
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Ambu G, Chaudhary RP, Mariotti M, Cornara L. Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants by Ethnic People in the Kavrepalanchok District, Central Nepal. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060759. [PMID: 32560543 PMCID: PMC7356508 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In rural areas of Nepal, where it is difficult to get access to Government health care facilities, people depend on medicinal plants and local healers for health problems. This study concerns an ethnobotanical survey of the Kavrepalanchok District, reporting some unusual uses of medicinal plants and original recipes. A total of 32 informants were interviewed, 24 of them being key informants. Ethnobotanical uses concerned 116 taxa, of which 101 were medicinal plants, with the most representative species belonging to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Zingiberaceae. Ethnobotanical indexes were used to evaluate the ethnopharmacological importance of each plant species and the degree of agreement among the informants’ knowledge. Informant consensus factor (Fic) showed that the fever category had the greatest agreement. Highest fidelity level (FL) values were found for Calotropis gigantea used for dermatological diseases, Drymaria cordata for fever, Mangifera indica and Wrightia arborea for gastrointestinal disorders. Data document the richness of the local flora and the traditional knowledge on medicinal plant species used by ethnic communities in rural areas. The active involvement of local populations in the conservation and management of medicinal plant species will encourage future projects for the sustainable development of the biological and cultural diversity of these rural areas of Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ambu
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Ram Prasad Chaudhary
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, 44613 Kathmandu, Nepal;
| | - Mauro Mariotti
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-010-209-9364
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Modulation of Blood Coagulation and Hematological Parameters by Crassocephalum crepidioides Leaf Methanol Extract and Fractions in STZ-Induced Diabetes in the Rat. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:1036364. [PMID: 32508536 PMCID: PMC7245657 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1036364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects the homeostasis of the circulatory system. Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore (Asteraceae) is an edible plant locally used in the treatment of wounds, stomach ulcer, and skin-related conditions in Africa and some other parts of the world. This study investigated the effects of C. crepidioides leaf methanol extract and fractions on blood coagulation profile of diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of 100 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract and partitioned fractions of C. crepidioides on blood coagulation profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats were initially evaluated, while graded concentrations (50–200 mg/kg body weight) of the aqueous and hexane fractions were further tested in diabetic rats against standard drugs aspirin (anticoagulant) and metformin (antidiabetic). Rats were allocated into groups (n = 6) and administration was done orally, once daily for 2 weeks. The methanol extract and fractions of C. crepidioides at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly prolonged the bleeding (58–200%), clotting (65–133%), prothrombin (176–441%), and activated partial thromboplastin (209–518%) times in diabetic rats compared to the control rats (LD50 ≥ 5000 mg/kg). Highest prolongation effects were recorded in the diabetic group treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of the hexane fraction. Plasma calcium concentration and platelet counts of C. crepidioides treated diabetic rats were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to diabetic control rats, while the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly increased. This study showed that C. crepidioides possess anticoagulant and antianemic activities. The leaves can thus be a potential source of novel anticoagulant and nutraceutical for management of the thrombotic disorder in diabetes and other diseased states.
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Patra S, Bhattacharya S, Bala A, Haldar PK. Antidiabetic effect of Drymaria cordata leaf against streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic albino rats. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2020; 11:44-52. [PMID: 32154158 PMCID: PMC7034175 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_98_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drymaria cordata (Caryophyllaceae), commonly known as Abhijalo in Sikkimese-Tibetan, is a creeping herb grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is used by ethnic groups of Sikkim, North-East India, for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of methanol extract from D. cordata leaf (DCME) in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetic Wistar albino rats were treated with DCME at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally for 28 days. Metformin (150 mg/kg b.w.) was used as a reference drug. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level; serum biochemical parameters; and liver, kidney, and antioxidant parameters were estimated, and pancreatic histopathology was performed after 28 days of treatment. Administration of DCME to STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally for 28 days exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction of FBG, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lipid, and hepatorenal antioxidative parameters in DCME-treated groups when compared to those of diabetic controls. Histopathological studies of pancreas in DCME-treated rats showed improvement in β-cell density compared to diabetic group. The results demonstrate the significant antidiabetic potential of D. cordata leaf in albino rats plausibly by reducing oxidative stress and serum lipids levels, justifying the folkloric use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Patra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Hussain MS, Ibrahim M, Hasan MM, Aziz MT, Suchi SA, Uddin MG. An in vivo study of the pharmacological activities of a methanolic acetate fraction of Pistia stratiotes L.: An ethno-medicinal plant used in Bangladesh. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:221-227. [PMID: 30891568 PMCID: PMC6388050 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study covered an assessment of methanolic acetate fractions of Pistia stratiotes, commonly known as water lettuce, for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant activities. METHODS The methanol acetate fractions were extracted from Pistia stratiotes and administered to the experimental animals as 200 and 400 mg/kg doses to determine the effect on acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced licking and biting, for the assessment of analgesic activity. The anti-inflammatory assay was done using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method, while assessment of CNS depressant activity was done using the open field and hole cross tests. The effects were compared to standard reference drugs. RESULTS At both doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight), the methanolic acetate extract of P. stratiotes showed significant analgesic action (P < 0.05) against acetic acid-induced writhing. The extract was also found to give significant protection against licking and biting at both doses. The methanolic acetate extract of P. stratiotes showed a significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effect from 0 minutes up to 3 hours in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. In the CNS depressant assay, the methanolic acetate extract showed significant (P < 0.05) depressant activity at both doses from 30 to 120 minutes in both the hole cross and open field tests. CONCLUSION Thus we can conclude that P. stratiotes extracts have significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant activity, compared to standard compounds, in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hussain
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliChittagongBangladesh
| | - Md. Ibrahim
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Murad Hasan
- Department of microbiologyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliChittagongBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tarek Aziz
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Suzia Akter Suchi
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Giash Uddin
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliChittagongBangladesh
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