1
|
Dahourou LD, Konaté A, Tapsoba ASR, Dicko A, Sanou M, Tamboura HH, Bayala B, Salissou I, Traoré A, Logan LL, Tembely S. Epidemiology and spatio-temporal distribution of gastrointestinal parasites infection and accuracy of FAMACHA test in sheep in traditional farming systems in Burkina Faso. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:392. [PMID: 34231076 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Blood and faecal samples from 2086 Sahelian and Djallonke sheep have been collected to assess the epidemiology and spatio-temporal distribution of gastrointestinal parasites. A survey with a questionnaire allowed collecting data on individual animal and farms. Faecal samples were analysed using the McMaster technique, while anaemia was assessed using FAMACHA score test and packed cell volume. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 91%, and strongyles (70.7%), Eimeria sp. (60.4%), Moniezia sp. (5.7%), Stronyloides sp. (0.9%) were identified. There was no significant association between the region and strongyles infection (P ˃ 0.05). Animals sampled during the rainy season (n = 565; P = 82.2%, mean EPG = 154.8 ± 12.02) were mostly and heavily infected than those from the hot dry (n = 518; P = 74.2%; mean EPG = 97.7 ± 17.4) and the cold dry season (n = 392; P = 55.5%; mean EPG = 24.5 ± 19.5) (P ˂ 0.05). Females (n = 1027; P = 72.1%; mean EPG = 77.6 ± 17) were most infected than males (n = 448; P = 67.7%; mean EPG = 61.6 ± 19.5) (P ˂ 0.05). Animals that were treated, at most 3 months before sampling (n = 166; P = 61.5%; mean EPG = 41.7 ± 21.4), were less infected than those, which received this treatment after three months before sampling (n = 199; P = 74.8%; mean EPG = 89.1 ± 15.8) (P ˂ 0.05). Data from blood samples indicate that 6.5% of sheep was anaemic (PCV ≤ 19%), while 59.7% was noted anaemic regarding FAMACHA scores. PCV values varied significantly for FAMACHA scores, and the highest mean value was noted for score 1 (27.6) (P ˂ 0.05). The Cohen's kappa score between FAMACHA and PCV was 0.02. These findings suggest that strongyles infections are significantly associated with season, and heavier infections were noted during rainy season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L D Dahourou
- Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural (ISEDR), Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, BP 176, Burkina Faso.
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé animales (LaBioSA), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso.
| | - A Konaté
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé animales (LaBioSA), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso
| | - A S R Tapsoba
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé animales (LaBioSA), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso
| | - A Dicko
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé animales (LaBioSA), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso
| | - M Sanou
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé animales (LaBioSA), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso
| | - H H Tamboura
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé animales (LaBioSA), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso
| | - B Bayala
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches/Science de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - I Salissou
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, BP 429, Niamey, Niger
| | - A Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé animales (LaBioSA), Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), 04 BP 8645, Ouagadougou, 04, Burkina Faso
| | - L L Logan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 660 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - S Tembely
- Académie des Sciences du Mali, Baco-Djicoroni ACI Ouest, Rue 619 Porte, 104, Bamako, Mali
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abbas I, El-Alfy ES, Janecek-Erfurth E, Strube C. Molecular characterization of Cysticercus tenuicollis isolates from sheep in the Nile Delta, Egypt and a review on Taenia hydatigena infections worldwide. Parasitology 2021; 148:913-933. [PMID: 33775267 PMCID: PMC11010137 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The predator–prey-transmitted cestode Taenia hydatigena infects a wide range of definitive and intermediate hosts all over the world. Domestic and sylvatic cycles of transmission are considered as well. The parasite has considerable economic importance, particularly in sheep. Here, the molecular characters of T. hydatigena cysticerci in sheep from the Nile Delta, Egypt were investigated for the first time. For this purpose, 200 sheep carcasses and their offal were inspected at the municipal abattoir, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Cysticerci of T. hydatigena were collected and molecularly characterized employing the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Cysticerci were found in 42 (21%) sheep, mostly attached to the omenti, mesenteries and livers. After molecular confirmation, nine isolates were sequenced displaying six different haplotypes. Analysis of the T. hydatigena 12S rRNA nucleotide sequences deposited in GenBank revealed 55 haplotypes out of 69 isolates, displaying high haplotype (0.797) and low nucleotide (0.00739) diversities. For the Tajima D neutrality index, a negative value (−2.702) was determined, indicating the population expansion of the parasite. Additionally, global data summarized in this study should be useful to set up effective control strategies against this ubiquitous parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abbas
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Elisabeth Janecek-Erfurth
- Institute for Parasitology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559Hanover, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Melnychuk VV, Reshetylo OI. Morphological characteristic of Skrjabinema ovis (Nematoda, Oxyuridae) obtained from domestic sheep. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Skrjabinemosis is a widely prevalent helminthiasis of sheep, goats and wild ruminants. It is caused by Skrjabinema ovis Skrjabin, 1915. Parasitization by S. ovis induces inflammatory processes of the large intestine, in skin around the anus and tail base, resulting in reduced productivity and weight loss. The measures of prevention and control of skrjabinemosis on sheep farms depend on the timely and accurate diagnosis, based on the reliable identification of nematodes. We studied the identification morphometric characters of this species The nematodes were obtained from the large intestine of 710 pasture-kept sheep (Ovis aries) on farms of Kyiv, Poltava and Zaporizhzhia regions ( Central and South-Eastern Ukraine). In total, 5723 adult S. ovis nematodes were collected, 1981 of which were males and 3742 were females. Sexual dimorphism was found in S. ovis both in metric and morphological parameters. The size dimorphism is characterized by values larger by 43.9–64.6% of 11 parameters in females compared to males. The differential characters of mature S. ovis males and females are morphological specifics of the mouth organ complex and the distribution of cuticular formations on the head end of the parasite. The lips of the female nematodes are anchor-shaped and adorned with tooth-like lamellae, and the lips of the males are oval and lack the tooth-like lamellae. Cuticular nodes on the head ends of the females are considerably longer and wider than in the males. The species-specific morphological characters of the males are the features of morphology and sizes of the pseudobursa, the shape and length of the spicule and gubernaculum, and their width parameters in different areas. In the identification of females, the morphology of the vulva and tail end, and the metric parameters of the location of the vulva, anus, and sizes of eggs in the uterus should be considered. Additional metric and morphological parameters are presented for use in the differentiation of males and females for better identification.
Collapse
|
4
|
Muku RJ, Yan HB, Ohiolei JA, Saaid AA, Ahmed S, Jia WZ, Fu BQ. Molecular Identification of Taenia hydatigena from Sheep in Khartoum, Sudan. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:93-97. [PMID: 32145734 PMCID: PMC7066435 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cestode Taenia hydatigena uses canids, primarily dogs, as definitive hosts, while the metacestode larval stage cysticercus infects a range of intermediate hosts, including domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and pigs. Cysticercosis due to T. hydatigena has large veterinary and economic drawbacks. Like other taeniids, e.g., Echinococcus, intraspecific variation is found among the members of the genus Taenia. In Africa, few studies are available on the epidemiology and distribution of T. hydatigena, and even fewer studies are available on its genetic variation. In this study, we molecularly identified 11 cysticerci from sheep in Sudan and demonstrated the genetic variation based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial genes. The isolates were correctly identified as T. hydatigena with more than 99% similarity to those in the GenBank database. Low diversity indices and insignificant neutrality indices were observed, with 3 and 2 haplotypes for the nad1 and cox1 genes, respectively. The results suggest the presence of unique T. hydatigena haplotypes in Sudan, as haplotypes with 100% similarity were not found in the GenBank database. With few available studies on the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Africa, this report represents the first insights into the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Sudan and constitutes useful data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosline James Muku
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P.R. China
| | - John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P.R. China
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Saaid
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Animal Resources Research Corporation, P.O. Box 8067 El-Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sara Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zabré G, Kaboré A, Bayala B, Katiki LM, Costa-Júnior LM, Tamboura HH, Belem AMG, Abdalla AL, Niderkorn V, Hoste H, Louvandini H. Comparison of the in vitro anthelmintic effects of Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:44. [PMID: 29173278 PMCID: PMC5703060 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major threat to small ruminant rearing in the Sahel area, where farmers traditionally use bioactive plants to control these worms, including Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana. The main aim of this study was to screen the potential anthelmintic properties of aqueous and acetone extracts of leaves of these two plants based on three in vitro assays: (1) the egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA); (2) the larvae exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) using Haemonchus contortus as a model; and (3) an adult mortality test (AMT) applied on Caenorhabditis elegans. For the EHA, only A. raddiana was effective with IC50 = 1.58 mg/mL for aqueous extract, and IC50 = 0.58 mg/mL for acetonic extract. For the LEIA, all extracts inhibited the exsheathment of larvae compared to the controls, and the aqueous extract of A. nilotica was more larvicidal with IC50 = 0.195 mg/mL. In general, all responses to the substances were dose-dependent and were significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). For the AMT, the extracts of the two Acacia species were effective but A. raddiana showed greater efficacy with 100% mortality at 2.5 mg/mL and LC50 = 0.84 mg/mL (acetonic extract). The addition of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) to the extracts suggested that tannins were responsible for blocking egg eclosion and inducing adult mortality but were not responsible for exsheathment inhibition. These results suggest that the leaves of these Acacia species possess ovicidal and larvicidal activities in vitro against H. contortus, and adulticidal effects against C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Zabré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso - Université de Ouagadougou / UFR-SVT, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Kaboré
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso
| | - Balé Bayala
- Université de Ouagadougou / UFR-SVT, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Luciana M Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia (SAA, APTA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, Nova Odessa, SP, cep 13460-000, Brazil
| | | | - Hamidou H Tamboura
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animales-DPA/INERA, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso
| | - Adrien M G Belem
- Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 3770 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, NAPTSA, CP 96, CEP 13.400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vincent Niderkorn
- UMR1213 Herbivores, INRA - Clermont-Ferrand, Vetagro Sup, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR IHAP 1225 INRA/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, NAPTSA, CP 96, CEP 13.400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitism places serious constraints on small ruminant production. The situation has been exacerbated by development of drug resistance in many parasite populations, leading to interest in identification of animals with genetically mediated resistance or tolerance to nematode infections. This study assessed the response to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Djallonké sheep during the rainy season in the Sudan-Guinea Savannah region of Burkina Faso. Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent GIN at this site and time. Djallonké lambs (n=434) were sampled from 40 households and evaluated at a common location in southern Burkina Faso. Lambs were dewormed with levamisole at 2 to 6 months of age and returned to infected pastures. Fecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volumes (PCV), and FAffa Malan CHArt (FAMACHA©) scores were determined 28 and 35 days after deworming. Lamb mortality was monitored throughout the experiment. Least-squares means for BW increased from 13.8±0.2 kg at 28 days to 14.0±0.2 kg at 35 days (P<0.01). Simple means and medians for FEC were 615 and 100, respectively, at 28 days and 850 and 175, respectively, at 35 days. The FEC exhibited strong right skewness. Following logarithmic transformation and back-transformation of resulting least-squares means to the original scale, FEC were higher (P<0.01) for males (208±27) than females (122±10). Least-squares means for PCV decreased (P<0.001) from 28 (36.3±0.5%) to 35 days (33.7±0.5%), and were higher (P<0.01) for females (36.0±0.4%) than males (33.9±0.7%). Correlations (r) between repeated measurements of BW, FEC, PCV and FAMACHA scores at 28 and 35 days were all positive (P<0.001). The correlation between FAMACHA scores and PCV was negative at 28 (r=-0.14) and 35 days (r=-0.18) (P<0.001). This study revealed that BW was an easily measured predictor of the ability of the lamb to resist infection with GIN and maintain PCV, and confirmed that FAMACHA scores are useful indicators of differences in FEC. Approximately 40% of female and 30% of male lambs did not show detectable levels of infection (i.e. FEC=0) under field conditions. The great variability that was observed in FEC and PCV suggests potential to use Djallonké sheep in breeding programs to enhance resistance to GIN.
Collapse
|
7
|
Braae UC, Kabululu M, Nørmark ME, Nejsum P, Ngowi HA, Johansen MV. Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in slaughtered pigs, goats, and sheep in Tanzania. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015. [PMID: 26210397 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out in Africa to estimate the prevalence of Taenia hydatigena. With the aim to determine the prevalence of T. hydatigena in slaughtered pigs and small ruminants (goats and sheep) in Mbeya, Tanzania, two cross-sectional surveys were carried out investigating pigs in April to May 2014 and small ruminants in September 2012. In total, 243 pigs were examined post-mortem for T. hydatigena cysts which were found in 16 (6.6 %) pigs. The majority (80 %) of cysts were found on the omentum and the rest on the liver (20 %), all on the visceral surface. Two pigs were also found infected with Taenia solium but showed no signs of other infections. A total of 392 goats and 27 sheep were examined post-mortem, and the prevalence of T. hydatigena was similar in goats and sheep with 45.7 and 51.9 %, respectively. DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) from a subsample of metacestodes from goats and sheep confirmed the T. hydatigena infection. The prevalence found in small ruminants was comparable to other studies conducted in Africa, but for pigs, it is one of the highest recorded to date. The present study also confirms the occurrence of T. hydatigena and T. solium in pigs from Mbeya. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of T. hydatigena on production under sub-Saharan conditions and the financial consequences for smallholder farmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Christian Braae
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Mwemezi Kabululu
- Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Uyole, P.O. Box 6191, Mbeya, Tanzania.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Michelle Elisabeth Nørmark
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helena Aminel Ngowi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|