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Evaluation of Selected Bacteria and Yeast for Probiotic Potential in Poultry Production. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040676. [PMID: 35456726 PMCID: PMC9025956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Performance and efficiency of feed utilization in poultry is highly influenced by gut health, which is dependent on intestinal microbial balance. Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements or viable microorganisms that beneficially affect the host animal by improving its gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial balance. However, their mode of action and suitable GIT environment favoring their colonization of the GIT is obscure. The probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Saccharomyces boulardii were evaluated. These microbes were tested in vitro against gastrointestinal conditions for survivability and their ability to attach to the intestinal mucosa. The ability of the microbes to tolerate and survive varying pH levels and bile concentrations was assessed. The microbes were challenged with a pH of 2 to 7 for 5 h and bile concentrations of 1 to 3% for 6 hrs. The microbes were sampled hourly to evaluate growth or decline in colony-forming units (CFU). B. longum, L. Plantarum, and S. boulardii exhibited significantly higher CFU (p < 0.05) at a pH range of 5 to 7, 4 to 7, and 2 to 7, respectively, when compared with other pH levels. L. plantarum had much higher colony-forming units per mL within each pH level, except at pH 2 where S. boulardii was the only microbe to survive over time. While L. plantarum and S. boulardii were able to tolerate the various bile concentrations, B. longum and L. plantarum showed remarkable ability to attach to the intestinal mucosa and to inhibit pathogenic microbes.
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G, Coskun I. Effect of raw and fermented pomegranate pomace on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and morphology in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:137-152. [PMID: 33752536 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1894065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of raw (PP) and fermented pomegranate pomace (FP) on performance, antioxidant activity, caecal microbiota and ileal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 175 male broiler chicks were allocated to five treatment groups with five replicates and seven birds per replicate in a completely randomised design. Dietary treatments included a soy-corn based diet (control), diets supplemented with PP at 5 (5PP) and 10 g/kg (10PP), and diets supplemented with FP at 5 (5FP) and 10 g/kg (10FP). Dietary PP and FP did not change the body weight and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, dietary PP and FP did not alter the serum glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels but decreased malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) in breast meat. Caecal Clostridium perfringens count was decreased in broiler chickens of groups 10PP, 5FP and 10FP (p < 0.05). However, PP and FP had detrimental effects on the ileum morphology of broiler chicks. The villus height was decreased in the 10PP, 5FP and 10FP groups compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Crypt depth was higher in the 5PP and 10FP groups than control and 10PP groups (p < 0.01). The villus height to crypt depth ratio was also decreased in 5PP, 5FP, and 10FP groups (p < 0.01). These results suggest that PP and FP have the potential to be used in broiler diets as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. However, detailed studies should be conducted to investigate the underlying reasons for the detrimental effects on ileal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aydin Altop
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Isa Coskun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
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Pan L, An D, Zhu W. Low-tannin sorghum grain could be used as an alternative to corn in diet for nursery pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:890-897. [PMID: 33734497 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that low-tannin sorghum grain produced in China as a potential substitute for corn in diets could not impair the performance of nursery pigs. A total of 60 pigs (7.2 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 diets with 5 replicate pens per treatment. Corn-based diet (CBD) included 60% corn grain during the overall experimental period, and sorghum-based diet (SBD) consisted of 30% (d 1 to 14) or 60.55% (d 15 to 28) sorghum grain in partial or total replacement of corn grain. Both diets were formulated to contain the same amount of digestible energy and indispensable amino acids. The results demonstrated no differences in growth performance or apparent digestibility of gross energy between treatments over the whole period. However, the substitution of corn by sorghum reduced (p < 0.05) or tended to reduce (p = 0.09) apparent digestibility of crude protein associated with an increased faecal nitrogen excretion per weight gain (p < 0.05). Pigs fed SBD had higher contents of urea nitrogen, total triglyceride and insulin in serum than those fed CBD (p < 0.05). Visceral organ weights or antioxidant enzyme activities in serum or liver were not different between treatments. Compared with CBD, SBD increased or tended to increase amylase activity in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05) or trypsin activity in duodenal mucosa (p = 0.08). Replacement of corn by the low-tannin sorghum in diets did not influence the microbiota community based on alpha and beta diversity in caecal and colonal digesta. Overall, the home-grown low-tannin sorghum could be an alternative energy source in diets for pigs without adverse effects on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong An
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Pan L, An D, Zhu W. Sorghum as a dietary substitute for corn reduces the activities of digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effects of Feeding Dried Fruit Pomaces as Additional Fibre-Phenolic Compound on Meat Quality, Blood Chemistry and Redox Status of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111968. [PMID: 33114718 PMCID: PMC7692383 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fruit juice production resulted in a considerable amount of by-products that are rich in phenolic compounds. Several studies have already reported that polyphenols seemed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. For this reason, fruit extracts have been widely used as a human food supplement for health promotion and disease prevention. However, little information about their application in animal feeds is available. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 3% or 6% apple, blackcurrant and strawberry dietary inclusion could have a positive effect on meat quality, blood chemistry and redox status of broiler chickens. Overall, the obtained results seem encouraging as both 3% and 6% fruit pomaces diets did not impair carcass traits and meat quality. Moreover, fruit pomaces groups showed lower blood triglycerides and improved renal function with lower creatinine level. Regarding antioxidant activity, all fruit pomaces improved the redox status in liver, breast and blood. No differences have been recorded between 3% and 6% diets. From a productive and biological point of view, the use of fruit pomaces in broiler chicken nutrition seems to be promising, in particular, 3% dietary inclusion seems to be preferable as higher fibre level can impair nutrient digestibility in poultry. Abstract The present study investigated the effects of apple (A), blackcurrant (B) and strawberry (S) dried pomaces on meat quality, blood chemistry and redox status of broiler chickens. A total of 480 Ross-308 male broilers were divided into 8 dietary treatments containing 3% and 6% of cellulose preparation (C), A, B or S. Six birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age and blood samples were collected. Carcass traits and meat quality were determined on the Pectoralis major muscles, recording nonsignificant differences. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in serum, liver and breast muscle. In serum, fruit pomaces lowered triglycerides, creatinine and atherogenic index (p < 0.05). Regarding redox status, in serum, ACW (antioxidant capacity of water-soluble substances) and ACL (antioxidant capacity of lipid-soluble substances) were greater in A (p < 0.001). In breast, ACW and ACL were higher in B and S compared to C (p < 0.05). In liver, ACL was greater in B and S compared to C (p < 0.001) and in higher dosage compared to low (p = 0.036). GSSG (oxidized glutathione) concentration was lower in A, whereas A, B and S presented a higher GSH (reduced glutathione)/GSSG ratio. The results showed that fruit pomaces could represent promising feed ingredients for broilers, improving serum, meat and tissue antioxidant parameters.
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Colombino E, Ferrocino I, Biasato I, Cocolin LS, Prieto-Botella D, Zduńczyk Z, Jankowski J, Milala J, Kosmala M, Fotschki B, Capucchio MT, Juśkiewicz J. Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet: growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32577234 PMCID: PMC7304194 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit pomaces are by-products rich in polyphenol compounds and dietary fiber. They seem to play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, morphology and physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether apple (A), blackurrant (B) or strawberry (S) pomaces could be suitable ingredients in broiler diets and their effect on gut health. A total of 480 male broilers were randomly allotted to 8 dietary treatments with lower (3%-L) or higher (6%-H) dietary fiber content: two control groups (CL/CH), two A diets (AL/AH), two B diets (BL/BH), two S diets (SL/SH). Diet and fruit pomaces were chemically analyzed to assess polyphenol concentration and fibre fraction content. After the evaluation of growth performance, 6 birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age. Morphometric and histopathological investigations were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Excreta were collected to perform microbiota evaluation by 16S DNA sequencing. Weight, viscosity, enzymatic activity, short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and ammonia concentration were determined in ileum and/or ceca content. Results A pomace and A diets showed the lowest polyphenol content and the highest content of soluble fibre fraction. No significant differences were observed for growth performance, gut morphometry and histopathology (P > 0.05). Dietary fruit pomace inclusion increased the weight of ileum and ceca and the ileum digesta viscosity (P < 0.05). In the ileum, A and S groups showed lower bacterial α-glucosidase activity than C groups. Moreover, small intestine SCFAs concentration was higher in fruit pomaces diets (P < 0.05). In ceca, B and S groups showed lower ammonia concentration and higher SCFAs than C. Dietary treatments also influenced the activity of α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase β-glucuronidase and xylase. Regarding microbiota, at phylum level, Firmicutes were differentially abundant across treatment (maximum for C and minimum in S, FDR > 0.05). At genus level, an increase of Weissella in AH and Erwinia in S/B diets, as well as a decrease of Lactobacillus in all fruit pomace groups were recorded (P < 0.05). Conclusions Fruit pomaces could be suitable ingredients in poultry nutrition even if further studies are needed to better understand which doses is more recommended to avoid negative effects on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Simone Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel Prieto-Botella
- Research Team on Occupational Therapy (InTeO), Department of Surgery and Pathology, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Milala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
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Ramah A, Yasuda M, Ohashi Y, Urakawa M, Kida T, Yanagita T, Uemura R, Bakry HH, Abdelaleem NM, El-Shewy EA. Different doses of tannin reflect a double-edged impact on broiler chicken immunity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 220:109991. [PMID: 31855744 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tannin is one of the most common phytochemical secondary phenolic metabolites, which is widely distributed in various plant production systems. Dietary intake of tannin can exert different actions on the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations on broiler chicken immunity. Three groups (n = 10 in each group) were evaluated: control group given a normal basal diet, high tannic acid (HT) group given high-dose tannic acid (30 g/kg diet) and low tannic acid (LT) group given low-dose tannic acid (0.5 g/kg diet) for 35 days. Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly. Cells were isolated from thymus, spleen and caecal tonsils at the end of the study. Lymphocyte subsets, monocytes phagocytosis and cytokine mRNA expression in spleen were evaluated. The results showed that HT group chickens had decreased daily gain, final body weight, daily feed intake and relative weights of lymphoid organs compared with other groups. In thymus, spleen and caecal tonsils, relative CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+ and γδ+ cell populations in the HT group were significant decreased in comparison with those of other groups. The relative B cell population in the HT group was also significant decreased. Cytokine mRNA expression in spleen cells of the HT group was also significantly lower than that in other groups. Conversely, CD4+CD8+ subpopulations in spleen and caecal tonsils, γδ+ cells in spleen and B cells in caecal tonsils of the LT group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In addition, IFN-γ mRNA expression in the LT group was significantly higher than that of the control group. These results demonstrated that dietary intake of tannin had positive and negative effects on broiler chicken immunity in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Ramah
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Yasuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Marimu Urakawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tenya Yanagita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hatem H Bakry
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Nabila M Abdelaleem
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Elham A El-Shewy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
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Saleh AA, Abudabos AM, Ali MH, Ebeid TA. The effects of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum in broiler’s diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, lipid peroxidation and gene expressions related to growth and antioxidative properties. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1680377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Alaeldein M. Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutahar H. Ali
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A. Ebeid
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Manyelo T, Ng'ambi J, Norris D, Mabelebele M. Substitution of Zea mays by Sorghum bicolor on Performance and Gut Histo-Morphology of Ross 308 Broiler Chickens Aged 1–42 d. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zdunczyk Z, Mikulski D, Jankowski J, Przybylska-Gornowicz B, Sosnowska E, Juskiewicz J, Amarowicz R, Slominski B. Effects of dietary inclusion of high- and low-tannin faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) seeds on microbiota, histology and fermentation processes of the gastrointestinal tract in finisher turkeys. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Przywitowski M, Mikulski D, Jankowski J, Juśkiewicz J, Mikulska M, Zdunczyk Z. The effect of varying levels of high- and low-tannin faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) seeds on gastrointestinal function and growth performance in turkeys. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/75443/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Juskiewicz J, Jankowski J, Kosmala M, Zdunczyk Z, Slominski BA, Zdunczyk P. The effects of dietary dried fruit pomaces on growth performance and gastrointestinal biochemistry of turkey poults. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:967-76. [PMID: 26614114 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
One-day-old female turkeys were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and were fed for 15 weeks diets containing 5% of cellulose (control, C) or 5% of dried fruit pomaces (apple, black currant, strawberry, seedless strawberry; AP, BCP, SP, SSP respectively). In weeks 11-15 of feeding, all diets were supplemented with 2.5% of linseed oil. The crude fibre content of fruit pomaces ranged from 56.5% in AP to 62.9% in SP. In comparison with AP, berry fruit pomaces (BCP, SP and SSP) were characterised by a higher content of neutral detergent fibre - NDF (41.2% vs. 52.7-59.3%) and lignin (13.24% vs. 21.80-25.56%). A monomer analysis revealed that cellulose was the main non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) in fruit pomaces, whereas their pectin content was low. Polyphenol content was determined at below 6 g/kg in AP, at approximately 12 g/kg in BCP and SP, and at 32.8 g/kg in SSP. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in final body weight of birds. After 15 weeks of feeding fruit pomaces to turkeys, the relative weight of the small intestine with digesta was higher in group AP, and lower in group SSP, as compared to controls. Dietary fruit pomaces decreased the dry matter (DM) concentration and lowered the pH of the small intestinal digesta, except the AP and SSP treatments respectively. In the caeca, significantly reduced concentrations of ammonia or putrefactive short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) upon dietary fruit pomaces were observed. Fruit pomaces did not influence the concentrations or the total pool of short-chain fatty acids, but led to a significant increase in butyric proportion in the SCFA profile at the expense propionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Juskiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Kosmala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Z Zdunczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - B A Slominski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - P Zdunczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Torres KAA, Pizauro JM, Soares CP, Silva TGA, Nogueira WCL, Campos DMB, Furlan RL, Macari M. Effects of corn replacement by sorghum in broiler diets on performance and intestinal mucosa integrity. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1564-71. [PMID: 23687153 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of replacing corn with low-tannin sorghum on broiler performance, carcass yield, integrity of mucosa of small intestine segments, and activity of membrane enzymes of the jejunum is investigated. A total of 594 male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments: 100% corn (control), 50% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum (low sorghum), and 100% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum (high sorghum). Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and carcass yield were determined at 7, 21, and 42 d, and segments of the small intestine were collected. Feed conversion and weight gain were impaired at d 42 in broilers fed the high-sorghum diet, but no differences were observed for carcass yield among the treatments (P > 0.05). Crypt cell mitotic index of the jejunum and ileum at d 21 and 42 was lower in broilers fed the control diet than in those fed low- and high-sorghum diets (P < 0.05). Aminopeptidase activity was higher in broilers fed the control diet than in those fed low- and high-sorghum diets irrespective of age (P < 0.05). Conversely, intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestine did not differ among the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that 50% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum is suitable for broiler diets, whereas 100% corn replacement with low-tannin sorghum had negative effects on the intestinal mucosa and performance of broilers at 42 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A A Torres
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, São Paulo State University, Brazil
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Moraes ÉA, Natal DIG, Queiroz VAV, Schaffert RE, Cecon PR, de Paula SO, Benjamim LDA, Ribeiro SMR, Martino HSD. Sorghum genotype may reduce low-grade inflammatory response and oxidative stress and maintains jejunum morphology of rats fed a hyperlipidic diet. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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