A Perspective on Model-Informed IVIVC for Development of Subcutaneous Injectables

Subcutaneously administered drugs are growing in popularity for both large and small molecule drugs. However, development of these systems - particularly generics - is slowed due to a lack of formal guidance regarding preclinical testing and in vitro - in vivo correlations (IVIVC). Many of these methods, while appropriate for oral drugs, may not be optimized for the complex injection site physiologies, and release rate and absorption mechanisms of subcutaneous drugs. Current limitations for formulation design and IVIVC can be supported by implementing mechanistic, computational methods. These methods can help to inform drug development by identifying key drug and formulation attributes, and their effects on drug release rates. This perspective, therefore, addresses current guidelines in place for oral IVIVC development, how they may differ for subcutaneously administered compounds, and how modeling and simulation can be implemented to inform design of these products. As such, integration of modeling and simulation with current IVIVC systems can help in driving the development of subcutaneous injectables.

Computational pharmacokinetics and in vitro-in vivo correlation of anti-diabetic synergistic phyto-composite blend

Despite tremendous strides in modern medicine stringent control over insulin resistance or restoration of normoglycemia has not yet been achieved. With the growth of molecular biology, omics technologies, docking studies, and in silico pharmacology, modulators of enzymes and receptors affecting the molecular pathogenesis of the disease are being considered as the latest targets for anti-diabetic therapy. Therapeutic molecular targets are now being developed basing on the up or down regulation of different signaling pathways affecting the disease. Phytosynergistic anti-diabetic therapy is in vogue both with classical and non-classical medicinal systems. However its chemo-profiling, structural and pharmacokinetic validation awaits providing recognition to such formulations for international acceptance. Translational health research with its focus on benchside product development and its sequential transition to patient bedside puts the pharma RDs to a challenge to develop bio-waiver protocols. Pharmacokinetic simulation models and establishment of in vitro-in vivo correlation can help to replace in vivo bioavailability studies and provide means of quality control for scale up and post approval modification. This review attempts to bring different shades highlighting phyto-synergy, molecular targeting of antidiabetic agents via different signaling pathways and bio-waiver studies under a single umbrella.

Studies on biological macromolecules lipid-Gelucire based gastroretentive multiparticulate

Studies on biological macromolecules lipid-Gelucire based sustained release gastroretentive multiparticulates of metformin hydrochloride (MH) were developed by dispersing MH in melted Gelucire 39/01 and 43/01 using the melt granulation technique while fast release solid dispersions gastroretentive multiparticulates of glibenclamide (GLB), poorly soluble drug were developed using Gelucire 50/13 and PEG 200, 400, 4000, 6000 as carrier at different ratios. Percent drug entrapment of MH was 99.6±0.35% and in vitro floating ability was 11.3±0.47h. Model dependent analysis shows that zero order kinetics was followed while drug release mechanism was anomalous diffusion controlled. Combination of ethylcellulose, methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose with Gelucire were explored for release of drug, floatability and consistency for optimized formulation. While GLB multiparticulates showed entrapment efficiency of 99.8±0.11%, in vitro buoyancy for 11±0.2h and improved solubility and dissolution rate. Zero order kinetics was promising for all formulations. Model independent analysis f2 value for GIV was 40 while for M II was 54. Characterization was done by SEM, FTIR and PXRD. RP-HPLC method was adopted for simultaneous pharmacokinetic analysis of the drugs in rat plasma. In IVIVC studies confirm increased bioavailability of drugs in combination form and followed level A correlation using the diabetic type II Wistar rat.