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Owolabi M, Olowoyo P, Miranda JJ, Akinyemi R, Feng W, Yaria J, Makanjuola T, Yaya S, Kaczorowski J, Thabane L, Van Olmen J, Mathur P, Chow C, Kengne A, Saulson R, Thrift AG, Joshi R, Bloomfield GS, Gebregziabher M, Parker G, Agyemang C, Modesti PA, Norris S, Ogunjimi L, Farombi T, Melikam ES, Uvere E, Salako B, Ovbiagele B. Gaps in Hypertension Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Versus High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Hypertension 2016; 68:1328-1337. [PMID: 27698059 PMCID: PMC5159303 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayowa Owolabi
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.).
| | - Paul Olowoyo
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Wuwei Feng
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Joseph Yaria
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Tomiwa Makanjuola
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Sanni Yaya
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Janusz Kaczorowski
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Lehana Thabane
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Josefien Van Olmen
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Prashant Mathur
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Clara Chow
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Andre Kengne
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Raelle Saulson
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Amanda G Thrift
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Rohina Joshi
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Gerald S Bloomfield
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Mulugeta Gebregziabher
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Gary Parker
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Charles Agyemang
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Shane Norris
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Luqman Ogunjimi
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Temitope Farombi
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Ezinne Sylvia Melikam
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Ezinne Uvere
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Babatunde Salako
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.)
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