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Sheikh SW, Ali A, Ahsan A, Shakoor S, Shang F, Xue T. Insights into Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Acid-Adapted Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050522. [PMID: 34063307 PMCID: PMC8147483 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens presents a global challenge for treating and preventing disease spread through zoonotic transmission. The water and foodborne Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are capable of causing intestinal and systemic diseases. The root cause of the emergence of these strains is their metabolic adaptation to environmental stressors, especially acidic pH. Acid treatment is desired to kill pathogens, but the protective mechanisms employed by EHECs cross-protect against antimicrobial peptides and thus facilitate opportunities for survival and pathogenesis. In this review, we have discussed the correlation between acid tolerance and antibiotic resistance, highlighting the identification of novel targets for potential production of antimicrobial therapeutics. We have also summarized the molecular mechanisms used by acid-adapted EHECs, such as the two-component response systems mediating structural modifications, competitive inhibition, and efflux activation that facilitate cross-protection against antimicrobial compounds. Moving beyond the descriptive studies, this review highlights low pH stress as an emerging player in the development of cross-protection against antimicrobial agents. We have also described potential gene targets for innovative therapeutic approaches to overcome the risk of multidrug-resistant diseases in healthcare and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Waheed Sheikh
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Ahmad Ali
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Asma Ahsan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Sidra Shakoor
- Station de Neucfchateau, CIRAD, 97130 Sainte-Marie, Capesterre Belle Eau, Guadeloupe, France;
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (T.X.); Tel.: +86-551-657-87380 (F.S.); +86-551-657-80690 (T.X.)
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (T.X.); Tel.: +86-551-657-87380 (F.S.); +86-551-657-80690 (T.X.)
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Interplay of antibiotic resistance and food-associated stress tolerance in foodborne pathogens. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yu L, Ji S, Yu J, Fu W, Zhang L, Li J, Gao F, Jiang Y. Effects of lactic acid stress with lactic acid adaptation on the survival and expression of virulence‐related genes inEscherichia coliO157:H7. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlin Yu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety GuaranteeNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Saisai Ji
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Wenjing Fu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety GuaranteeNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety GuaranteeNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety GuaranteeNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing China
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Baldassarri L, Montanaro L, Creti R, Arciola CR. Underestimated Collateral Effects of Antibiotic Therapy in Prosthesis-Associated Bacterial Infections. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:786-91. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment of infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices in ageing and/or severely ill patients represents a significant healthcare problem due to the difficulty of treating such infections and to the various collateral effects that may be observed following the often aggressive therapy We summarize some effects of antibiotics on the expression of virulence factors of the microorganisms which cause such infections. These effects, particularly those resulting in a stimulation of bacterial virulence, might be usefully included among the other well-known collateral effects of antibiotic therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Baldassarri
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome - Italy
| | - L. Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology of the University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - R. Creti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome - Italy
| | - C. R. Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology of the University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
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Azizoglu RO, Lyman R, Anderson KL. Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: dose response to iodine and chlorhexidine and effect of iodine challenge on antibiotic susceptibility. J Dairy Sci 2012; 96:993-9. [PMID: 23261384 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive organism that is frequently associated with clinical or subclinical mastitis. The use of germicidal teat dips is one of the measures taken by the dairy industry to control mastitis. Iodine and chlorhexidine compounds are commonly used disinfectants in teat dips. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of iodine for 37 isolates of Staph. aureus and observed variations in MIC. Seven of these Staph. aureus isolates were selected as genotype group representatives based on their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Dose responses against iodine and chlorhexidine were determined for the 7 genotype group representatives. The response of these isolates to iodine varied significantly, whereas all isolates were susceptible to chlorhexidine, even at concentrations as low as 0.0002%. We also evaluated whether exposure of Staph. aureus to sublethal levels of iodine influenced subsequent antibiotic susceptibility. No differences in antibiotic susceptibility of Staph. aureus were observed among cultures grown in brain heart infusion broth with and without supplemental iodine. The observed variation in iodine dose responses of Staph. aureus may have implications for the occurrence of Staph. aureus mastitis on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reha Onur Azizoglu
- Milk Microbiology and Mastitis Laboratory, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Knudsen G, Holch A, Gram L. Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics affect stress and virulence gene expression inListeria monocytogenesand cause enhanced stress sensitivity but do not affect Caco-2 cell invasion. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1273-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.M. Knudsen
- National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby; Denmark
| | - A. Holch
- National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby; Denmark
| | - L. Gram
- National Food Institute; Technical University of Denmark; Kongens Lyngby; Denmark
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Slanec T, Schmidt H. Specific expression of adherence-related genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933 after heat treatment in ground beef. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1434-40. [PMID: 21902911 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the expression of particular stress- and virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933 in ground beef was investigated using real-time PCR. Specific gene expression in the food matrix was found in combination with heat treatment. In contrast to a treatment at 37°C, treatment at 48°C for 10 min resulted in increased expression of the genes eae, hcpA, iha, lpfA, and toxB. Adherence to human intestinal HT-29 cells was enhanced in bacterial cells inoculated and heat treated in ground beef. The expression of gadE, which encodes a main regulator of the glutamate system of the acid response, was reduced under these conditions. However, expression of rpoS and recA, which are involved in the establishment of stress responses, and Shiga toxin genes was not significantly different under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Slanec
- Department of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Garbenstraße 28, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Furukawa T, Yahiro K, Tsuji AB, Terasaki Y, Morinaga N, Miyazaki M, Fukuda Y, Saga T, Moss J, Noda M. Fatal hemorrhage induced by subtilase cytotoxin from Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 2011; 50:159-67. [PMID: 21232591 PMCID: PMC3385872 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) is an AB(5) type toxin produced by a subset of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli. The A subunit is a subtilase-like serine protease and cleaves an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP. The B subunit binds to a receptor on the cell surface. Although SubAB is lethal for mice, the cause of death is not clear. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that SubAB induced small bowel hemorrhage and a coagulopathy characterized by thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. SubAB also induced inflammatory changes in the small intestine as detected by ¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography imaging and histochemical analysis. Using RT-PCR and ELISA, SubAB was shown to increase interleukin-6 in a time-dependent manner. Thus, our results indicate that death in SubAB-treated mice may be associated with severe inflammatory response and hemorrhage of the small intestine, accompanied by coagulopathy and IL6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kinnosuke Yahiro
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi B. Tsuji
- Diagnostic Imaging Group, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School 1-25-2, Nezu, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0031, Japan
| | - Naoko Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuh Fukuda
- Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School 1-25-2, Nezu, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0031, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Diagnostic Imaging Group, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
| | - Masatoshi Noda
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Fratamico PM, Wang S, Yan X, Zhang W, Li Y. Differential Gene Expression of E. coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef Extract Compared to Tryptic Soy Broth. J Food Sci 2011; 76:M79-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franz E, van Bruggen AH. Ecology ofE. coliO157:H7 andSalmonella entericain the Primary Vegetable Production Chain. Crit Rev Microbiol 2008; 34:143-61. [DOI: 10.1080/10408410802357432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Uhlich GA, Sinclair JR, Warren NG, Chmielecki WA, Fratamico P. Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates associated with two multistate food-borne outbreaks that occurred in 2006. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:1268-72. [PMID: 18083883 PMCID: PMC2258581 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01618-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from two 2006 outbreaks were compared to other O157:H7 isolates for virulence genotype, biofilm formation, and stress responses. Spinach- and lettuce-related-outbreak strains had similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and all carried both stx2 and stx2c variant genes. Cooperative biofilm formation involving an E. coli O157:H7 strain and a non-O157:H7 strain was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Uhlich
- Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
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Bergholz TM, Wick LM, Qi W, Riordan JT, Ouellette LM, Whittam TS. Global transcriptional response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to growth transitions in glucose minimal medium. BMC Microbiol 2007; 7:97. [PMID: 17967175 PMCID: PMC2241611 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global patterns of gene expression of Escherichia coli K-12 during growth transitions have been deeply investigated, however, comparable studies of E. coli O157:H7 have not been explored, particularly with respect to factors regulating virulence genes and genomic islands specific to this pathogen. To examine the impact of growth phase on the dynamics of the transcriptome, O157:H7 Sakai strain was cultured in MOPS minimal media (0.1% glucose), RNA harvested at 10 time points from early exponential to full stationary phase, and relative gene expression was measured by co-hybridization on high-density DNA microarrays. Expression levels of 14 genes, including those encoding Shiga toxins and other virulence factors associated with the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), were confirmed by Q-PCR. RESULTS Analysis of variance (R/MAANOVA, Fs test) identified 442 (36%) of 1239 O157-specific ORFs and 2110 (59%) of 3647 backbone ORFs that changed in expression significantly over time. QT cluster analysis placed 2468 of the 2552 significant ORFs into 12 groups; each group representing a distinct expression pattern. ORFs from the largest cluster (n = 1078) decreased in expression from late exponential to early stationary phase: most of these ORFs are involved in functions associated with steady state growth. Also represented in this cluster are ORFs of the TAI island, encoding tellurite resistance and urease activity, which decreased approximately 4-fold. Most ORFs of the LEE pathogenicity island also decreased approximately 2-fold by early stationary phase. The ORFs encoding proteins secreted via the LEE encoded type III secretion system, such as tccP and espJ, also decreased in expression from exponential to stationary phase. Three of the clusters (n = 154) comprised genes that are transiently upregulated at the transition into stationary phase and included genes involved in nutrient scavenging. Upregulated genes with an increase in mRNA levels from late exponential to early stationary phase belonged to one cluster (n = 923) which includes genes involved in stress responses (e.g. gadAB, osmBC, and dps). These transcript levels remained relatively high for > 3 h in stationary phase. The Shiga toxin genes (stx1AB and stx2B) were significantly induced after transition into stationary phase. CONCLUSION Expression of more than 300 O157-specific ORFs, many implicated in virulence of the O157 pathogen, was modulated in a growth dependent manner. These results provide a baseline transcriptional profile that can be compared to patterns of gene expression of this important foodborne pathogen under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Bergholz
- Microbial Evolution Laboratory, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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