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Discrimination between Wild and Farmed Sea Bass by Using New Spectrometry and Spectroscopy Methods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121673. [PMID: 35741870 PMCID: PMC9222653 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) is one of the most economically important fish species in the Mediterranean Sea area. Despite strict requirements regarding indications of production method (wild/farmed), incorrect labelling of sea bass is a practice still frequently detected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capabilities of two techniques, Near-InfraRed (NIR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, to discriminate sea bass according to the production method. Two categories were discriminated based on the docosahexaenoic and arachidonic fatty acid ratio by using a Direct Sample Analysis (DSA) system integrated with a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The cut-off value of 3.42, of fatty acid ratio, was able to discriminate between the two types of fish with sensitivity and specificity of 100%. It was possible to classify fish production by using multivariate analysis with portable NIR. The results achieved by the developed validation models suggest that this approach is able to distinguish the two product categories with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90%). The results obtained from this study highlight the potential application of two easy, fast, and accurate screening methods to detect fraud in commercial sea bass production.
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Esposito G, Sciuto S, Cocco C, Ru G, Acutis PL. Development of a screening method to rapidly discriminate extravirgin olive oil from other edible vegetable oil by means of direct sample analysis with high resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:686-692. [PMID: 35153311 PMCID: PMC8814155 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil is the highest quality olive oil mainly due to its beneficial constituents and nutritional properties. However, olive oil adulteration is a common fraudulent practice by deliberate mislabelling of less expensive oil categories and admixing expensive olive oils with low oils. To protect consumers from such commercial frauds, an easy and fast method to detect the real composition of oil is needed. For this study we used direct sampling analysis (DSA) coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (AxION2 TOF Perkin Elmer) to analyse the fatty acid composition of three types of edible oil: extra virgin olive oil, refined olive oil and seed oil (EVOO, ROO, and SO respectively) to find a marker that could distinguish between them. Good precision in repeatability and reproducibility (RSD% < 15%) was obtained. The fatty acid ratio between the oleic acid/oleic acid dimer was able to distinguish EVOO from the other two types of oil, while the ratio between linoleic and oleic acid was found to discriminate refined oil from seed oil. The development of an easy, fast and cost-effective method can help to limit commercial frauds, increase the number of controlled samples, and enhance food control along the commercial chain. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05063-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Sciuto
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cocco
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Guglielmetti C, Brusadore S, Sciuto S, Esposito G, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Mazza M. Wild or Farmed Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)? How To Distinguish between Them by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. J Food Prot 2021; 84:592-596. [PMID: 33211848 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Because the world's wild fish stocks are limited and the market demand is increasing, fish farming has become an alternative food source and a way to reduce costs for consumers. The sale of farmed as wild fish is a fraudulent practice; it is, therefore, important to find new and alternative tools that can help in the fight against fraud to protect consumers and to ensure food traceability. The proteomic profiles of farmed and wild fish differ. With this study we wanted to identify liver protein markers via two-dimensional electrophoresis that would allow us to distinguish wild from farmed gilthead seabream. The liver samples from 32 gilthead seabream, wild and farmed, were stored at -80°C before protein extraction. The samples were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis to detect qualitative and quantitative differences. Proteomic analysis showed a protein spot (molecular weight of ∼34 kDa and isoelectric point of ∼6.9) only in the samples from the wild gilthead seabream; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified the spot as ubiquitin. Ubiquitin could be a valid marker to differentiate wild from farmed gilthead seabream; it could be used to ensure continuous monitoring throughout the entire commercial chain and to fight commercial fraud. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-5230 [C.G.])
| | - Sonia Brusadore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Sciuto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT S.r.l., Spin-off dell'Università del Piemonte Orientale, and 5Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15, 28100, Novara, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Mazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
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