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Fan K, Dong N, Fang M, Xiang Z, Zheng L, Wang M, Shi Y, Tan G, Li C, Xue Y. Ozone exposure affects corneal epithelial fate by promoting mtDNA leakage and cGAS/STING activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133219. [PMID: 38101018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a common air pollutant associated with various human diseases. The human ocular surface is frequently exposed to ozone in the troposphere, but the mechanisms by which ozone affects the ocular surface health remain unclear. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to investigate the effects of ozone exposure on the ocular surface and the corneal epithelium. The findings revealed that ozone exposure disrupted corneal epithelial homeostasis and differentiation, resulting in corneal squamous metaplasia. Further, ozone exposure induced oxidative damage and cytoplasmic leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), thereby activating the cGAS/STING signaling pathway. The activation of the cGAS/STING signaling pathway triggered the activation of downstream NF-κB and TRAF6 signaling pathways, causing corneal inflammation, thereby promoting corneal inflammation and squamous metaplasia. Finally, C-176, a selective STING inhibitor, effectively prevented and treated corneal inflammation and squamous metaplasia caused by ozone exposure. This study revealed the role of mtDNA leakage-mediated cGAS/STING activation in corneal squamous epithelial metaplasia caused by ozone exposure. It also depicted the abnormal expression pattern of corneal epithelial keratin using three-dimensional images, providing new targets and strategies for preventing and treating corneal squamous metaplasia and other ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Nuo Dong
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Huaxia Eye Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Meichai Fang
- Ningde People's Hospital, Ningde, Fujian 352100, China
| | - Zixun Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yukuan Shi
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, 100080, China
| | - Gang Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Huaxia Eye Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science & Ocular Surface and Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yuhua Xue
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Soleimani M, Momenaei B, Baradaran-Rafii A, Cheraqpour K, An S, Ashraf MJ, Abedi F, Javadi MA, Djalilian AR. Mustard Gas-Induced Ocular Surface Disorders: An Update on the Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Management. Cornea 2023; 42:776-786. [PMID: 36729713 PMCID: PMC10164045 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mustard gas (MG) is a potent blistering and alkylating agent that has been used for military and terrorism purposes. Ocular surface injuries are common after exposure to MG. This review provides an update on the pathophysiology, ocular surface complications, and treatment options for MG-related ocular injuries. METHODS Required information was obtained by reviewing various databases such as Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PubMed until March 2022. Data were collected by using keywords: "mustard gas" OR "sulfur mustard" AND "eye" OR "cornea" OR "ocular complication" OR "keratitis" OR "keratopathy" OR "limbal stem cell deficiency" OR "dry eye." RESULTS Chronic intracellular toxicity, inflammation, and ischemia have been shown to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of MG injury. Ocular surface injuries can have acute, chronic, and most distinctly a delayed-onset presentation leading to various degrees of limbal stem cell deficiency. To date, no treatment has been agreed on as the standard treatment for chronic/delayed-onset MG keratopathy. Based on the authors' experience, we propose a management algorithm for MG-related ocular surface injuries involving optimization of ocular health, anti-inflammatory therapy, and if needed surgical interventions. The management of chronic and delayed-onset presentation remains challenging. CONCLUSIONS MG keratopathy is a unique form of chemical injury which can lead to a range of ocular surface pathologies. Long-term anti-inflammatory therapy even in patients with seemingly mild disease may potentially reduce the likelihood of the development of more severe delayed-onset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Momenaei
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seungwon An
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Farshad Abedi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Javadi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali R. Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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López-García JS, García-Lozano I, Rivas L, Giménez C, Suárez-Cortés T, Acera A. Changes in Corneal Expression of MUC5AC after Autologous Serum Eyedrop Treatment in Patients with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:934-940. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1607394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L Rivas
- Dry Eye Unit, Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Giménez
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Parla, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Acera
- Applied Research, Vizcaya, Spain
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García Tirado A, Boto de Los Bueis A, Rivas Jara L. Ocular surface changes in recurrent pterygium cases post-operatively treated with 5-fluorouracil subconjunctival injections. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 29:9-14. [PMID: 29580102 DOI: 10.1177/1120672118757428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To investigate the ocular surface changes occurring in eyes with recurrent pterygium post-operatively treated with 5-fluorouracil intralesional injections. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of recurrent pterygium cases treated with weekly intralesional injections of 0.1 mL (5 mg) of 5-fluorouracil (10 injections). Impression cytology samples taken from the lesion, the healthy conjunctivae (inferior, superior, and contralateral to injury), and the cornea before and after treatment were analyzed. Clinical ocular characteristics (including Schirmer's test and break-up time) were evaluated during treatment. RESULTS: A total of 15 eyes were treated, with the mean follow-up of 27 ± 8.7 months (mean ± standard deviation). Prior to treatment initiation, the ocular surface citology over the pterygium was found to be abnormal. No epithelial cells (27%) and a lower goblet cell density (73%) compared to the healthy conjunctivae (p < 0.01) were found. Squamous metaplasia was observed to some degree in the cornea (100%), pterygium (81%) and healthy conjunctivae (73%). Following treatment, pterygium composition had changed: epithelial cell number (100%) and goblet cell density (47%) had increased (p < 0.05). Goblet cell density was also increased in healthy conjunctivae (67%; p < 0.05). The degree of squamous metaplasia decreased in the cornea (67%), pterygium (45%), and healthy conjunctivae (60%; p < 0.05). No adverse effects were reported, recurrence progression was arrested, and conjunctival redness and dry-eye severity level were decreased in all cases (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: The cytology of ocular surface in recurrent pterygium is abnormal. After weekly intralesional 5-fluorouracil injections, it tends to normalize. The 5-fluorouracil compound is a safe and effective treatment to prevent pterygium recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda García Tirado
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Boto de Los Bueis
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rivas Jara
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Soria J, Acera A, Durán JA, Boto-de-Los-Bueis A, Del-Hierro-Zarzuelo A, González N, Reigada R, Suárez T. The analysis of human conjunctival epithelium proteome in ocular surface diseases using impression cytology and 2D-DIGE. Exp Eye Res 2017; 167:31-43. [PMID: 28336260 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival impression cytology samples from patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye (DE), and healthy subjects (CT) were collected for determination of the degree of squamous metaplasia (SM) by PAS-hematoxylin staining and for comparative proteomic analyses by 2D-DIGE. The protein spots with discriminant expression were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Three independent statistical studies were conducted: i). Analysis of differential protein expression between study groups: We observed increased expression of proteins S100A4, S100A8, retinal dehydrogenase-1, peroxiredoxin-1, annexin-A1, annexin-A2, α-enolase, and glutathione S-transferase-P in DE, whereas the highest expression of peroxiredoxin-6, actin cytoplasmic-1, peroxiredoxin-2, and heat shock protein HSP-90-α was observed in MGD; ii). Correlation between changes in the proteome profile and the grade of SM: The expression of 5 different cytokeratins (KRT1, KRT4, KRT8, KRT10, and KRT13) correlated with the degree of SM; iii). Proteome profile differences between pathological and CT groups: An overall proteome analysis revealed upregulation of 9 proteins in the pathological groups (Annexin-A1, α-enolase, Annexin-A2, S100A8, cytokeratin-1, Peroxiredoxin-2 and Leukocyte elastase inhibitor) and downregulation of 2 proteins (Galectin-3 and Lipocalin-1). In conclusion, a sensitive proteomic approach to study conjunctival tissue collected from minimally invasive impression cytology was implemented. Differential proteomics analyses showed that in comparison with the MGD, the DE patients presented higher overexpression of proteins related to antimicrobial defense, tissue-damage response, and regulation of body fluid secretions. Changes in MGD proteome were associated with oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic processes. We found a correlation between the grade of SM and expression of proteins associated with cytoskeleton and keratinization. The studied pathological groups shared elements related to the defense and inflammatory responses. Dot blot assays of proteins ANXA1, S100A8, and S100A4 validated the proteomic results obtained from 2D-DIGE experiments and confirmed the correlation between the expression of these proteins and the clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan A Durán
- Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), Virgen de Begoña Nº 34, E-48006 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | - Nerea González
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Reigada
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tatiana Suárez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Zuazo F, López-Ponce D, Salinas-Toro D, Valenzuela F, Sans-Puroja J, Srur M, López-Solís RO, Traipe-Castro L. [Conjunctival impression cytology in patients with normal and impaired OSDI scores]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 89:391-6. [PMID: 24993073 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe goblet cell density and Nelson grading in different areas of the ocular surface using conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) among patients with normal and impaired Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients (n=166) under assessment for dry eye were recruited between 2011 and 2012 and classified according to the OSDI score in 4 categories (normal and impaired). Cytological study (CIC plus Papanicolaou staining) using the Nelson grading system, with modifications in staging, and goblet cell counting were performed on the nasal, temporal, inferior, and superior bulbar conjunctival surfaces. RESULTS Nelson grading was significantly higher in patients with a severely impaired OSDI score (1.41±0.14) compared to normal patients (0.86±0.09) (P<.01). Goblet cell density was significantly reduced in patients with a severely impaired OSDI score (310.24±56.24 cells per sample) compared with normal subjects (497.31±50.07 cells per sample) (P<.001). Compared with the photoexposed bulbar conjunctiva, goblet cell density on the non-photoexposed conjunctiva was significantly higher both in patients with mild (P<.01) and moderate (P<.001) OSDI scores. CONCLUSION Patients with severely impaired OSDI scores have less goblet cells and a higher Nelson grade. Goblet cells are more abundant on the non-photoexposed conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zuazo
- Fundación Oftalmológica Los Andes (FOLA), Santiago, Chile
| | - D López-Ponce
- Fundación Oftalmológica Los Andes (FOLA), Santiago, Chile
| | - D Salinas-Toro
- Fundación Oftalmológica Los Andes (FOLA), Santiago, Chile
| | - F Valenzuela
- Fundación Oftalmológica Los Andes (FOLA), Santiago, Chile
| | - J Sans-Puroja
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina-ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Srur
- Fundación Oftalmológica Los Andes (FOLA), Santiago, Chile
| | - R O López-Solís
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina-ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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