Trasplante celular y terapia regenerativa con células madre

Stem cell activity in the repair of cardiovascular tissues

Stem cells can become different types of cells and have the potential to divide and self-renew. There are two types of stem cells, first the embryonic stem cells and second the adult stem cells, both help in regeneration or repair tissues of an organism, for this reason, the stem cells are being used to renew the world of medicine. Stem cells are obtained from three sources: the first can be our own body that where certain organs still have some cells still not completely differentiated. The second source is the embryos when they are in the blastocyst phase (between five to fourteen days from conception), and the third source can be in the cells of the skin, liver or another cell type that have been modified to behave like embryonic stem cells. With this therapy, we would find ourselves before an inexhaustible source to repair the tissues and organs that were damaged in our bodies. One of the main causes of mortality in heart failure, but with the help of cell therapy has been studied the repair of cardiac tissue with the stem cell transplant. The objective of the cellular transplantation is that the transplanted cells in the heart tissue manage to regenerate, renewed, and repair any part of the heart tissue damaged.

Histologic and spectroscopic study of pluripotent stem cells after implant in ocular traumatic injuries in a murine model

Introduction

Ocular trauma is defined as a trauma caused by blunt or penetrating mechanisms on the eyeball and its peripheral structures, causing damage with different degrees of affection with temporary or permanent visual function compromise. Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable blindness worldwide; it constitutes 7% of all corporal injury and 10% to 15% of all eye diseases. Regenerative medicine research has opened up the possibility to use stem cells as a source of cell replacement, so that experimental studies on embryonic stem cells and bone marrow stem cells have been carried out. In this study, we analyzed the histopathological and spectroscopic changes in ocular tissue with trauma, treated with mouse pluripotent stem cells.

Methods

Firstly, mouse embryonic stem cells were seeded. Subsequently, the obtained cells were implanted in a murine model of scleral and retinal damage at the first, second, and fourth weeks post-trauma. At week 12 post-trauma, the eyes were enucleated for histopathologic study (inflammatory response and histological integrity) and spectroscopic analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection configuration. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

Results

Histopathological results showed that the experimental groups treated with stem cells presented a decrease in the inflammatory response, and the histological integrity was restored, which contrasted with the experimental group treated with saline solution. Moreover, in the spectroscopic analysis, characteristic bands of biological samples were observed in all tissues, highlighting in healthy tissues the presence of C = O bond at 1,745 cm^-1, which was not observed in the injured and treated tissues. Also, the absorption spectrum of the tissues treated with embryonic stem cells showed bands whose intensity was high at around 1,080 to 1,070 cm^-1. It has been reported that these bands are characteristic of pluripotent stem cells.

Conclusions

The implant of embryonic stem cells could be a useful therapeutic treatment after traumatic eye injuries or many other eye diseases to reduce the inflammatory response and restore histological integrity. Furthermore, the spectroscopic technique could be used as a complementary technique for detecting stem cell incorporation into various tissues.