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Díaz-Agea JL, Pujalte-Jesús MJ, Arizo-Luque V, García-Méndez JA, López-Chicheri-García I, Rojo-Rojo A. How Are You Feeling? Interpretation of Emotions through Facial Expressions of People Wearing Different Personal Protective Equipment: An Observational Study. NURSING REPORTS 2022; 12:758-774. [PMID: 36278768 PMCID: PMC9590080 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep12040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The perception of others’ emotions based on non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions, is fundamental for interpersonal communication and mutual support. Using personal protection equipment (PPE) in a work environment during the SAR-CoV-2 pandemic challenged health professionals’ ability to recognise emotions and expressions while wearing PPE. The working hypothesis of this study was that the increased limitation of facial visibility, due to the use of a personal protective device, would interfere with the perception of basic emotions in the participants. (2) Methods: Through a cross-sectional descriptive study, the present research aimed to analyse the identification of four basic emotions (happiness; sadness; fear/surprise; and disgust/anger) through three types of PPE (FFP2 respirator, protective overall and powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR)), by using 32 photographs. The study was conducted using volunteer participants who met the inclusion criteria (individuals older than 13 without cognitive limitations). Participants had to recognise the emotions of actors in photographs that were randomly displayed in an online form. (3) Results: In general, the 690 participants better recognised happiness and fear, independently of the PPE utilised. Women could better identify different emotions, along with university graduates and young and middle-aged adults. Emotional identification was at its worst when the participants wore protective overalls (5.42 ± 1.22), followed by the PAPR (5.83 ± 1.38); the best scores were obtained using the FFP2 masks (6.57 ± 1.20). Sadness was the least recognised emotion, regardless of age. (4) Conclusions: The personal protective devices interfere in the recognition of emotions, with the protective overalls having the greatest impact, and the FFP2 mask the least. The emotions that were best recognised were happiness and fear/surprise, while the least recognised emotion was sadness. Women were better at identifying emotions, as well as participants with higher education, and young and middle-aged adults.
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Rallis KS, Wozniak A, Hui S, Stammer A, Cinar C, Sun M, Fulton-Ward T, Clarke AA, Papagrigoriadis S, Papalois A, Sideris MC. Mentoring Medical Students Towards Oncology: Results from a Pilot Multi-institutional Mentorship Programme. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:1053-1065. [PMID: 33242159 PMCID: PMC7688447 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The mounting global cancer burden has generated an increasing demand for oncologists to join the workforce. Yet, students report limited oncology exposure in undergraduate medical curricula, while undergraduate oncology mentorships remain underutilised. We established an undergraduate oncology society-led mentorship programme aimed at medical students across several UK universities to increase medical student oncology exposure. We electronically recruited and paired oncologist mentors and medical student mentees and distributed a dedicated questionnaire (pre- and post-mentorship) to compare mentees' self-reported cancer specialty knowledge and oncology career motivation after undertaking a 6-week mentorship. We also determined students' interest across specialties and subspecialties and measured mentor availability via percentage programme uptake. Statistical analysis included univariate inferential tests on SPSS software. Twentynine (23.4%) of 124 oncology specialists agreed to become mentors. The mentorship was completed by 30 students across three medical schools: 16 (53.3%) Barts, 10 (33.3%) Birmingham, and 4 (13.3%) King's; 11 (36.7%) mentored by medical oncologists, 10 (33.3%) by clinical/radiation oncologists, and 9 (30%) by surgical oncologists. The mentorship generated a statically significant increase in students' knowledge of the multidisciplinary team and all oncology-related specialties including academia/research but not interest towards a career in oncology. Undergraduate oncology mentoring is an effective educational, networking and motivational tool for medical students. Student societies are a valuable asset in cultivating medical student oncology interest by connecting students to faculty and increasing mentor accessibility. Further research should focus on developing an optimal mentorship structure and evaluating long-term outcomes of such educational initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine S Rallis
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Anna Wozniak
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sara Hui
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam Stammer
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cigdem Cinar
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Min Sun
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alison A Clarke
- Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Michail Ch Sideris
- Women's Health Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Agudelo-Cifuentes MC, Berbesi-Fernández DY, Salazar-Maya ÁM. Preparation of a Scale for Assessing Nursing Care Needs in Dependent People. AQUICHAN 2022. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2022.22.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To prepare and validate a scale for assessing care needs in dependent people, based on all fourteen needs included in Virginia Henderson’s theory and Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs. Materials and methods: An observational study was conducted to validate a scale with a sample of 776 care-dependent individuals. Nursing professionals were in charge of writing the items. Correlations between items and factor structure were evaluated using a structural equation model. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Results: The correlations between all fourteen needs were satisfactory. The structure with three dimensions (physiological needs, need for safety and belonging, and need for independence) was satisfactory: CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, SRMR = 0.04, and RMSEA = 0.06 (95 % CI: 0.05-0.07). The scale’s reliability was satisfactory, with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.870 and McDonald’s omega = 0.871. Conclusions: This scale allows obtaining a classification score to determine the nursing assistance needs of dependent people. It contributes to the standardization and use of the theories about care and human needs.
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Díaz-Agea JL, Orcajada-Muñoz I, Leal-Costa C, Adánez-Martínez MG, De Souza Oliveira AC, Rojo-Rojo A. How Did the Pandemic Affect Communication in Clinical Settings? A Qualitative Study with Critical and Emergency Care Nurses. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:373. [PMID: 35206987 PMCID: PMC8872094 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the subjective impact of the pandemic due to COVID-19 on communication, as perceived by nurses working at emergency services and Intensive Care Units at various hospitals in the Region of Murcia (Spain). A qualitative study was conducted based on the content analysis of 12 semi-structured individual interviews. The participant recruitment process was performed through a snowball sampling technique. Four main dimensions, eleven categories, and two sub-categories were obtained: (1) communication (communicative expressions, both verbal and non-verbal-, and limitations); (2) emotional aspects (positive, negative); (3) overload (first wave, second wave, and third wave); and (4) relationships (health professionals-patients, healthcare professionals, patients-family, and family-health professionals). The main findings of the study show that communication was slightly affected during the pandemic, especially the non-verbal kind, with verbal communication maintained and, in some occasions, strengthened. The lack of training in communication skills and its influence on the management of difficult periods was another important finding. Communication in general deteriorated during the pandemic, especially during the initial waves. Non-verbal communication was more affected due to the use of Personal Protective Equipment and the initial fear of infection, with this finding strongly observed in departments such as emergencies or critical care. The nurses who were interviewed underlined negative emotional aspects associated with a deficit in communication. The positive aspects described were associated with the creation of mutual support spaces and the group cohesion of the work teams during the pandemic. As an implication for current and future clinical practice, we recommend a coordinated institutional response to mitigate the potential emotional effects on workers by designing appropriate communication and emotional expression protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Díaz-Agea
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (J.L.D.-A.); (I.O.-M.); (A.C.D.S.O.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Irene Orcajada-Muñoz
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (J.L.D.-A.); (I.O.-M.); (A.C.D.S.O.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - César Leal-Costa
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 El Palmar, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrés Rojo-Rojo
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain; (J.L.D.-A.); (I.O.-M.); (A.C.D.S.O.); (A.R.-R.)
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THE EVALUATION OF BURNOUT AND COMMUNICATİON SKILLS IN PRIMARY CARE STAFF. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH AND POLICY 2020. [DOI: 10.33457/ijhsrp.735875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Leal-Costa C, Tirado González S, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Ruzafa-Martínez M, Díaz Agea JL, van-der Hofstadt Román CJ. Communication Skills and Professional Practice: Does It Increase Self-Efficacy in Nurses? Front Psychol 2020; 11:1169. [PMID: 32595561 PMCID: PMC7304242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between nurses and their patients is changing significantly, resulting in a patient-focused model. This work aims to contribute new knowledge about the effect of communication skills on perceived self-efficacy of nursing professionals. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a final sample consisting of 242 nurses. Different instruments that measured communication skills and the general and specific self-efficacy of nursing professionals were utilized. A positive and statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01) between the communication skills and the perceived general and specific self-efficacy was obtained. Nursing professionals who have adequate communication skills feel more confident and more competent, fostering good interpersonal relationships with their patients, and therefore, their perceived general and specific self-efficacy improved as well. Teaching communication skills is important to help nurses cope with a broad range of stressors in their daily interactions with patients, increasing their perceived self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Leal-Costa
- Nursing Department, University of Murcia (UM), Murcia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Sonia Tirado González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Health Psychology Department, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), Elche, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Javier van-der Hofstadt Román
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Hospital Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Sánchez Expósito J, Jiménez-Rodríguez D, Díaz Agea JL, Carrillo Izquierdo MD, Leal Costa C. Impact of Socio-Emotional Skills On The Performance of Clinical Nursing Practices. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2019; 16:ijnes-2019-0064. [PMID: 31863699 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2019-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim To analyze the Socio-emotional (SE) skills of the students in the Nursing Degree, and their relationship with their clinical practice in hospital centers. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study of a sample of 91 nursing students. SE skills were analyzed through self-administered questionnaires, and the clinical practices through the instrument "Clinical Practices Evaluation Notebook". Findings The students obtained medium and high scores in the SE skills and in the clinical practices. Most of the SE skills had a positive and statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between them. A relationship was observed between SE skills with performance in clinical practices, through a multiple linear regression. Discussion It is suggested that the development of the SE skills of the nursing students within the Nursing degree curriculum has an influence on their performance during their clinical practices. Conclusion The SE skills are a potential predictor of the performance of the nursing students in clinical practices.
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Analysis of the Risk and Protective Roles of Work-Related and Individual Variables in Burnout Syndrome in Nurses. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11205745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Burnout syndrome is a phenomenon that is becoming ever more widespread, especially in workers such as nurses who have heavy workloads and time pressures. The progression of burnout syndrome has been shown to be related to both individual and work-related variables. The objective of this study is to examine the risk and protective roles played by work-related and personal variables, both sociodemographic and psychological, in the development of burnout in nurses. Method: The sample was composed of 1236 nurses aged between 21 and 57 years, with a mean age of 31.50 years (SD = 6.18). Women accounted for 84.5% (n = 1044), and the remaining 15.5% (n = 192) were men. Exploratory tests were performed to understand the relationships between burnout and other variables, and a binary logistic regression was conducted to understand the roles of these variables in the incidence of this syndrome. Lastly, a regression tree was constructed. Results: The results show that the sociodemographic variables examined are not related to the level of burnout in nurses. However, certain work-related variables, such as spending more time with colleagues and patients and reporting good-quality relationships, exhibit a negative relationship with the occurrence of burnout. Of the psychological variables, the stress factors conflict-social acceptance and irritability-tension-fatigue, as well as informative communication, are shown to be risk factors for the appearance of burnout in nurses. In contrast, the communication skills factor, empathy, and energy-joy exert a protective function. Conclusion: Identifying the variables that influence the occurrence of burnout syndrome and understanding the manner in which they exert their influence are key elements in the development of effective prevention and intervention of burnout in nursing.
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Garcia GPA, Marziale MHP. Indicators of burnout in Primary Health Care workers. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 71:2334-2342. [PMID: 30365802 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the indicators of burnout peculiar to health workers from units of Primary Health Care. METHOD integrative review of the literature structured in the stages: guiding question; search; categorization of studies; assessment; discussion; and interpretation of results, and synthesis of knowledge. Search for original articles and reviews published from 2000 to 2016, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the main databases of the health area. Descriptors used: Nursing, Burnout and Primary Health Care. RESULTS 14 articles met the proposed inclusion criteria, six (42.85%) presented a sample of nurses and eight (57.15%) health professionals. CONCLUSION Primary Health Care workers are exhausted due to inadequate working conditions characterized by the lack of human and physical resources that leads to work overload, workplace violence and difficulty with teamwork, despite being satisfied with the work environment.
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Molero Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Gázquez Linares JJ, Barragán Martín AB. Burnout in Health Professionals According to Their Self-Esteem, Social Support and Empathy Profile. Front Psychol 2018; 9:424. [PMID: 29731725 PMCID: PMC5920032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Professionals in the healthcare field are in situations that could be a source of stress and sometimes develop burnout syndrome. Self-esteem, social support, and empathy are variables which intervene and influence the appearance of this syndrome. Objective: Identify healthcare professional profiles based on self-esteem, empathy and perceived social support, and analyze the extent to which these profiles show differences in developing burnout. Method: The sample was made up of 719 healthcare professionals with a mean of 38.52 years of age. The Short Questionnaire of Burnout, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and the Basic Empathy Scale were used. Results: The results of a cluster analysis with self-esteem, empathy, and perceived social support showed four groups/profiles. Two of them, which included professionals with low self-esteem, differed in the rest of the characteristics. Furthermore, significant differences in burnout scores were found among the groups identified. Conclusion: The results show the need to study burnout with attention to individual and or social characteristics, where self-esteem is shown to be one of the explanatory variables making the main differences among the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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