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Costa Lemos da Silva AG, da Silva Ribeiro KD, Alves de Araújo GE, da Silva Oliveira L, de Oliveira Lyra C. Vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases: an interest to public health? Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:131-140. [PMID: 37382196 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. From this perspective, the role of vitamin E and its metabolites in preventing CVD has been studied, being supported by the findings that low vitamin E concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Despite this, no studies have analysed the co-existence of vitamin E deficiency (VED) and CVD on the basis of population studies. Facing that, this study summarises information on the relationship between vitamin E status and CVD, providing a basis for understanding the determining and protective factors for its development. VED may be a public health problem since it has been observed to vary from 0·6% to 55·5% worldwide, with higher percentages in Asia and Europe, where CVD mortality rates stand out. Intervention studies with α-tocopherol supplementation do not confirm cardioprotective action of vitamin E, which may reflect that α-tocopherol alone does not provide cardiovascular protection to individuals, but the consumption of all isomers found in food. Considering that low concentrations of α-tocopherol can lead to a higher susceptibility to diseases involving oxidative stress in the population, in addition to the high and growing prevalence of CVD and VED, it is essential to investigate or reinterpret the mechanisms of action of vitamin E and its metabolites in the cardiovascular process to better understand the co-existence of CVD and VED. It is also important to implement public health policies and programmes aimed at promoting the consumption of natural food sources of vitamin E and healthy fats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Letícia da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Clélia de Oliveira Lyra
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Montoya-Arroyo A, Brand V, Kröpfl A, Vetter W, Frank J. Metabolism of 11'-α- and 11'-γ-Tocomonoenols in HepG2 Cells Favors the γ-Congener and Results Predominantly in Carboxymethylbutyl-Hydroxychromans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300657. [PMID: 38698718 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Tocomonoenols (T1) are little-known vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in foods. Limited knowledge exists regarding the cellular uptake and metabolism of α-tocomonoenol (αT1) and none about that of γ-tocomonoenol (γT1). METHODS AND RESULTS The study investigates the cytotoxicity, uptake, and metabolism of αT1 and γT1 in HepG2 cells compared to the α- and γ-tocopherols (T) and -tocotrienols (T3). None of the studied tocochromanols are cytotoxic up to 100 µmol L-1. The uptake of the γ-congeners is significantly higher than that of the corresponding α-forms, whereas no significant differences are observed based on the degree of saturation of the sidechain. Carboxymethylbutyl-hydroxychromans (CMBHC) are the predominant short-chain metabolites of all tocochromanols and conversion is higher for γT1 than αT1 as well as for the γ-congeners of T and T3. The rate of metabolism increases with the number of double bonds in the sidechain. The rate of metabolic conversion of the T1 is more similar to tocopherols than to that of the tocotrienols. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence that both αT1 and γT1 follow the same sidechain degradation pathway and exert similar rates of metabolism than tocopherols. Therefore, investigation into the biological activities of tocomonoenols is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Montoya-Arroyo
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Viola Brand
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Kröpfl
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Department of Food Chemistry (170b), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Yoon HS, Wu J, Shidal C, Sun Y, Franke AA, Yang JJ, Braithwaite D, Courtney R, Cai H, Blot WJ, Shu XO, Zheng W, Cai Q. Associations between Plasma Tocopherols and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:480-488. [PMID: 38284815 PMCID: PMC10990776 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the various anticancer activities of tocopherols, little is known about tocopherols associated with lung cancer risk among low-income African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) who are disproportionately affected by the disease. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study that included 209 incident lung cancer cases and 406 matched controls within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Using biospecimens collected at cohort enrollment, plasma levels of α-, β/γ-, δ-, and total-tocopherols were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer risk after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses were also conducted. RESULTS Plasma levels of total-tocopherols were inversely associated with lung cancer risk overall [OR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest tertile = 0.51 (0.30-0.90)]. The inverse association remained significant among EAs [0.20 (0.06-0.65)], men [0.43 (0.21-0.90)], current smokers [0.49 (0.26-0.93)], and cases diagnosed within 2 years of blood draw [0.36 (0.15-0.86)], though we did not find a significant risk reduction among AAs [0.75 (0.39-1.45)]. Notably, we found significant interactions between α-tocopherol and race after controlling the FDR to correct for multiple comparisons (Pinteraction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that plasma total-tocopherols are inversely associated with lung cancer risk, but the association may differ across specific isomeric forms of tocopherols, race, or other individuals' characteristics. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm our findings. IMPACT Recommendations on tocopherols for lung cancer prevention should take isomers, race, and smoking behaviors into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Suk Yoon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Chris Shidal
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yan Sun
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Jae Jeong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Regina Courtney
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Yazarlou F, Alizadeh F, Lipovich L, Giordo R, Ghafouri-Fard S. Tracing vitamins on the long non-coding lane of the transcriptome: vitamin regulation of LncRNAs. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38475720 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A major revelation of genome-scale biological studies in the post-genomic era has been that two-thirds of human genes do not encode proteins. The majority of non-coding RNA transcripts in humans are long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules, non-protein-coding regulatory transcripts with sizes greater than 500 nucleotides. LncRNAs are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular physiology, playing fundamental regulatory roles both in normal cells and in disease. As result, they are functionally linked to multiple human diseases, from cancer to autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders. Numerous human conditions and diseases stem from gene-environment interactions; in this regard, a wealth of reports demonstrate that the intake of specific and essential nutrients, including vitamins, shapes our transcriptome, with corresponding impacts on health. Vitamins command a vast array of biological activities, acting as coenzymes, antioxidants, hormones, and regulating cellular proliferation and coagulation. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamins and lncRNAs are interconnected through several regulatory axes. This type of interaction is expected, since lncRNA has been implicated in sensing the environment in eukaryotes, conceptually similar to riboswitches and other RNAs that act as molecular sensors in prokaryotes. In this review, we summarize the peer-reviewed literature to date that has reported specific functional linkages between vitamins and lncRNAs, with an emphasis on mammalian models and humans, while providing a brief overview of the source, metabolism, and function of the vitamins most frequently investigated within the context of lncRNA molecular mechanisms, and discussing the published research findings that document specific connections between vitamins and lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yazarlou
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Box 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Alizadeh
- Department of Genomic Psychiatry and Behavioral Genomics (DGPBG), Roozbeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Shenzhen Huayuan Biological Science Research Institute, Shenzhen Huayuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., 601 Building C1, Guangming Science Park, Fenghuang Street, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 3222 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Box 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mena Canata DA, Benfato MS, Pereira FD, Pereira MJR, Rampelotto PH. Distribution and Utilization of Vitamin E in Different Organs of Wild Bats from Different Food Groups. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:266. [PMID: 38398775 PMCID: PMC10890470 DOI: 10.3390/life14020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined the levels of vitamin E in the heart, liver, and kidneys of four species of adult male bats with distinct feeding habits. Our results indicate consistent vitamin E levels in the heart across all four bat species, suggesting the presence of regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the liver displayed notably higher vitamin E levels in nectarivorous and frugivorous bats, while hematophagous bats exhibited lower levels, indicating a link between dietary intake and liver vitamin E levels. Furthermore, correlation analysis provided additional insights into the relationships between vitamin E and key antioxidant parameters in the livers of bats. On the other hand, no correlation was observed between vitamin E and key antioxidant parameters in the heart. Intriguingly, vitamin E was not detected in the kidneys, likely due to physiological factors and the prioritization of vitamin E mobilization in the heart, where it serves critical physiological functions. This unexpected absence of vitamin E in bat kidneys highlights the unique metabolic demands and prioritization of vitamin mobilization in wild animals like bats, compared to conventional animal models. These findings provide insight into the intricate distribution and utilization of vitamin E in bats, emphasizing the influence of dietary intake and metabolic adaptations on vitamin E levels in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Antonio Mena Canata
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Mara Silveira Benfato
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielly Dias Pereira
- Biophysics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - María João Ramos Pereira
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-907, RS, Brazil
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Schlörmann W, Liao S, Dinc T, Lorkowski S, Wallert M, Glei M. Chemopreventive effects of α-tocopherol and its long-chain metabolites α-13'-hydroxy- and α-13'-carboxychromanol in LT97 colon adenoma cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:183-195. [PMID: 38019686 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02826g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer effects of vitamin E (tocopherols) have been studied extensively. While in vitro and animal studies showed promising results regarding anticancer effects of tocopherols, human intervention studies failed to reproduce these results. In vivo, α-tocopherol (α-TOH) is metabolized to the long-chain metabolites (LCM) 13'-hydroxychromanol (α-13'-OH) and 13'-carboxychromanol (α-13'-COOH), which likely reach the large intestine. The LCM showed antiproliferative effects in different colon cancer cell lines, but the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. To further clarify the chemopreventive action of the LCM, premalignant LT97 colon adenoma cells were treated with α-TOH, α-13'-OH and α-13'-COOH to study their impact on growth, apoptosis, antigenotoxicity, and ROS-scavenging capacity as well as expression of selected genes involved in detoxification and the cell cycle. Growth inhibitory potential was observed for α-13'-OH (IC50: 37.4 μM) and α-13'-COOH (IC50: 5.8 μM) but not for α-TOH in the tested concentrations. Levels of caspase-3 activity and expression of genes regulating the cell cycle and detoxification remained unchanged. However, α-TOH, α-13'-OH and α-13'-COOH exhibited antigenotoxic and partly ROS-scavenging capacity. The results indicate that the LCM exert chemopreventive effects via ROS-scavenging capacity, the protection against DNA damage and the induction of cell death via caspase-independent mechanisms in premalignant colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schlörmann
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Applied Nutritional Toxicology, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Sijia Liao
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tülin Dinc
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Applied Nutritional Toxicology, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Glei
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Applied Nutritional Toxicology, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Murkey SP, Agarwal A, Pandit P, Kumar S, Jaiswal A. Unveiling the Spectrum of Ophthalmic Manifestations in Nutritional Deficiencies: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50311. [PMID: 38205491 PMCID: PMC10777438 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutrition and ocular health, focusing on the crucial roles of essential nutrients like Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Zinc, and Folate (Vitamin B9) in maintaining eye well-being. Nutrient deficiencies have significant consequences, leading to various eye-related issues, from night blindness to age-related conditions such as cataracts and macular degeneration. It is imperative to address these deficiencies, emphasizing the importance of a well-rounded diet with the necessary nutrients. When necessary, supplementation and regular eye examinations are vital components for effectively monitoring ocular health. Public health campaigns and educational initiatives also play a key role in raising awareness about the profound impact of nutrition on eye health. Future research should explore personalized nutrition plans, nutrigenomics, longitudinal studies, and targeted nutritional interventions. Such investigations will not only enhance our understanding of this crucial connection but also have the potential to reduce the global burden of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant P Murkey
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Akash Agarwal
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pranam Pandit
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arpita Jaiswal
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Lobo LMDC, Hadler MCCM. Vitamin E deficiency in childhood: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:392-405. [PMID: 35929460 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an important nutrient from the earliest stages of life. It plays key roles as an antioxidant and in the maintenance of the immune system, among others. Vitamin E deficiency (VED), which occurs more frequently in children, is rarely addressed in the literature. This narrative review aims to summarise the chemistry, biology, serum indicators and clinical trials that have evaluated the impact of fortification and other relevant aspects of vitamin E, in addition to the prevalence of its deficiency, in children worldwide. Vitamin E intake in recommended amounts is essential for this nutrient to perform its functions in the body. Serum α-tocopherol is the most widely used biochemical indicator to assess the prevalence of VED. VED has been associated with symptoms secondary to fat malabsorption and may lead to peripheral neuropathy and increased erythrocyte haemolysis. Reduced concentrations of α-tocopherol may be caused by the combination of diets with low amounts of vitamin E and inadequate consumption of fats, proteins and calories. The lowest prevalence of VED was found in Asia and the highest in North America and Brazil. High proportions of VED provide evidence that this nutritional deficiency is a public health problem in children and still little addressed in the international scientific literature. The planning, evaluation and implementation of health policies aimed at combatting VED in the paediatric population are extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Claret Costa Monteiro Hadler
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Lu M, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhang T, Song J. Increased serum α-tocopherol acetate mediated by gut microbiota ameliorates alveolar bone loss through the STAT3 signalling pathway in diabetic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1539-1552. [PMID: 37596824 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether and how gut microbiota-meditated metabolites regulate alveolar bone homeostasis in diabetic periodontitis (DP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) was employed as a positive modulator of gut microbiota in DP mice. The destruction of alveolar bone was evaluated. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted to screen out the pivotal metabolites. A co-housing experiment was conducted to determine the connection between the gut microbiota and alpha-tocopherol acetate (α-TA). α-TA was applied to DP mice to investigate its effect against alveolar bone loss. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were extracted for the in vitro experiment. Transcriptomic analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the major affected signalling pathways. RESULTS Positive regulation of the gut microbiota significantly attenuated alveolar bone loss and increased the serum α-TA level. The alteration in gut microbiota composition could affect the serum α-T (the hydrolysates of α-TA) level. α-TA could alleviate alveolar bone destruction in DP mice and α-T exert beneficial effects on hPDLCs and HGFs. Mechanistically, the STAT3 signalling pathway was the pivotal pathway involved in the protective role of α-TA. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota-α-TA-STAT3 axis plays an important role in the regulation of diabetic alveolar bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xulei Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Napolitano G, Fasciolo G, Muscari Tomajoli MT, Venditti P. Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process-Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12453. [PMID: 37569829 PMCID: PMC10419829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic organisms use molecular oxygen in several reactions, including those in which the oxidation of substrate molecules is coupled to oxygen reduction to produce large amounts of metabolic energy. The utilization of oxygen is associated with the production of ROS, which can damage biological macromolecules but also act as signaling molecules, regulating numerous cellular processes. Mitochondria are the cellular sites where most of the metabolic energy is produced and perform numerous physiological functions by acting as regulatory hubs of cellular metabolism. They retain the remnants of their bacterial ancestors, including an independent genome that encodes part of their protein equipment; they have an accurate quality control system; and control of cellular functions also depends on communication with the nucleus. During aging, mitochondria can undergo dysfunctions, some of which are mediated by ROS. In this review, after a description of how aging affects the mitochondrial quality and quality control system and the involvement of mitochondria in inflammation, we report information on how vitamin E, the main fat-soluble antioxidant, can protect mitochondria from age-related changes. The information in this regard is scarce and limited to some tissues and some aspects of mitochondrial alterations in aging. Improving knowledge of the effects of vitamin E on aging is essential to defining an optimal strategy for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Napolitano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Muscari Tomajoli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
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Liao S, Gollowitzer A, Börmel L, Maier C, Gottschalk L, Werz O, Wallert M, Koeberle A, Lorkowski S. α-Tocopherol-13'-Carboxychromanol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Death by Inhibiting the SREBP1-SCD1 Axis and Causing Imbalance in Lipid Desaturation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119229. [PMID: 37298183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Tocopherol-13'-carboxychromanol (α-T-13'-COOH) is an endogenously formed bioactive α-tocopherol metabolite that limits inflammation and has been proposed to exert lipid metabolism-regulatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-tumoral properties at micromolar concentrations. The mechanisms underlying these cell stress-associated responses are, however, poorly understood. Here, we show that the induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in macrophages triggered by α-T-13'-COOH is associated with the suppressed proteolytic activation of the lipid anabolic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)1 and with decreased cellular levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1. In turn, the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids shifts from monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids, and the concentration of the stress-preventive, pro-survival lipokine 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol) [PI(18:1/18:1)] decreases. The selective inhibition of SCD1 mimics the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity of α-T-13'-COOH, and the provision of the SCD1 product oleic acid (C18:1) prevents α-T-13'-COOH-induced apoptosis. We conclude that micromolar concentrations of α-T-13'-COOH trigger cell death and likely also cell cycle arrest by suppressing the SREBP1-SCD1 axis and depleting cells of monounsaturated fatty acids and PI(18:1/18:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liao
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - André Gollowitzer
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Börmel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Charlotte Maier
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Luisa Gottschalk
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Denniss RJ, Barker LA. Brain Trauma and the Secondary Cascade in Humans: Review of the Potential Role of Vitamins in Reparative Processes and Functional Outcome. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050388. [PMID: 37232626 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An estimated sixty-nine million people sustain a traumatic brain injury each year. Trauma to the brain causes the primary insult and initiates a secondary biochemical cascade as part of the immune and reparative response to injury. The secondary cascade, although a normal physiological response, may also contribute to ongoing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and axonal injury, continuing in some cases years after the initial insult. In this review, we explain some of the biochemical mechanisms of the secondary cascade and their potential deleterious effects on healthy neurons including secondary cell death. The second part of the review focuses on the role of micronutrients to neural mechanisms and their potential reparative effects with regards to the secondary cascade after brain injury. The biochemical response to injury, hypermetabolism and excessive renal clearance of nutrients after injury increases the demand for most vitamins. Currently, most research in the area has shown positive outcomes of vitamin supplementation after brain injury, although predominantly in animal (murine) models. There is a pressing need for more research in this area with human participants because vitamin supplementation post-trauma is a potential cost-effective adjunct to other clinical and therapeutic treatments. Importantly, traumatic brain injury should be considered a lifelong process and better evaluated across the lifespan of individuals who experience brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Denniss
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Lynne A Barker
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
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13
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Ma J, Lee L, Yao B, Giannousis P, Thoolen M, Ye Q, Golden L, Klein M, Kong R. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 14C-vatiquinone in rats, dogs, and human subjects. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:396-411. [PMID: 37552765 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2245459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Vatiquinone is a potent inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase and is in clinical development for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases and other disorders characterised by high levels of oxidative stress and dysregulation of energy metabolism.In rats, 14C-vatiquinone-derived radioactivity was quickly and widely distributed throughout the body and cleared from most tissues by 24 h post-dose following a single oral dose of 14C-vatiquinone.Following oral administration, 94% of dose was recovered within seven days in rats, approximately 61% of dose was recovered within seven days in dogs and approximately 93% of dose was recovered within nine days in human subjects (IND 119220). Faecal excretion was the major route (>56% dose) in all species; urinary excretion was minimal in rats and dogs (<3% dose) but was higher in humans (∼ 22% dose).Following oral administration, vatiquinone was the dominant circulating component in rats and dogs but was minor in human subjects. There were no plasma metabolites that were more than 10% of total drug related exposures in all species.Following oral administration, vatiquinone was not detectable in urine but was the most prominent component in faeces in rats, dogs, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Ma
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Lucy Lee
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Bert Yao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Qing Ye
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Lee Golden
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ronald Kong
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
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14
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Abrol R, Kaushik R, Goel D, Sama S, Kaushik RM, Kala M. Vitamin E-induced coagulopathy in a young patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:107. [PMID: 36949518 PMCID: PMC10035195 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose vitamin E intake is known to inhibit vitamin K-derived coagulation factor synthesis, which can cause serious bleeding events such as gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage. We report a case of coagulopathy induced by marginally increased levels of vitamin E. CASE PRESENTATION A 31-year-old Indian man presented with oral bleeding, black tarry stools, and bruising over his back. He had been taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low backache and vitamin E for hair loss. He had mild anemia with normal platelet count, thrombin time, and prolonged bleeding time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time. Serum fibrinogen was slightly raised. Mixing studies with pooled normal plasma, aged plasma, and adsorbed plasma were suggestive of deficiency of multiple coagulation factors due to acquired vitamin K deficiency. Serum phylloquinone was normal, while prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II level was increased. Serum alpha-tocopherol was slightly raised. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple gastroduodenal erosions. A final diagnosis of vitamin E toxicity-related coagulopathy was made. The patient responded well to pantoprazole, vitamin K supplementation, multiple fresh frozen plasma transfusions, and other supportive treatments besides the discontinuation of vitamin E supplementation. The coagulation parameters normalized, and the patient was discharged with complete resolution of symptoms and remained asymptomatic during the follow-up for 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E-related inhibition of vitamin K-dependent factors with coagulopathy may occur even at marginally increased levels of serum vitamin E. This risk becomes significant in patients receiving other drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Abrol
- Department of General Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248016, India
| | - Reshma Kaushik
- Department of General Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248016, India.
| | - Deepak Goel
- Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248016, India
| | - Sonu Sama
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248016, India
| | - Rajeev Mohan Kaushik
- Department of General Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248016, India
| | - Mansi Kala
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248016, India
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15
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Borel P, Dangles O, Kopec RE. Fat-soluble vitamin and phytochemical metabolites: Production, gastrointestinal absorption, and health effects. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101220. [PMID: 36657621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables, which provide some fat-soluble vitamins and many phytochemicals, is associated with a lower risk of developing certain degenerative diseases. It is well accepted that not only the parent compounds, but also their derivatives formed upon enzymatic or nonenzymatic transformations, can produce protective biological effects. These derivatives can be formed during food storage, processing, or cooking. They can also be formed in the lumen of the upper digestive tract during digestion, or via metabolism by microbiota in the colon. This review compiles the known metabolites of fat-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble phytochemicals (FSV and FSP) that have been identified in food and in the human digestive tract, or could potentially be present based on the known reactivity of the parent compounds in normal or pathological conditions, or following surgical interventions of the digestive tract or consumption of xenobiotics known to impair lipid absorption. It also covers the very limited data available on the bioavailability (absorption, intestinal mucosa metabolism) and summarizes their effects on health. Notably, despite great interest in identifying bioactive derivatives of FSV and FSP, studying their absorption, and probing their putative health effects, much research remains to be conducted to understand and capitalize on the potential of these molecules to preserve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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16
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Sadiq IZ. Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress: Signaling Mechanisms, Redox Basis for Human Diseases, and Cell Cycle Regulation. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:13-35. [PMID: 34951363 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666211222161637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals contain one or more unpaired electrons in their valence shell, thus making them unstable, short-lived, and highly reactive species. Excessive generation of these free radicals ultimately leads to oxidative stress causing oxidation and damage to significant macromolecules in the living system and essentially disrupting signal transduction pathways and antioxidants equilibrium. At lower concentrations, ROS serves as "second messengers," influencing many physiological processes in the cell. However, higher concentrations beyond cell capacity cause oxidative stress, contributing to human pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cataract, asthma, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. Signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/ mTOR, and Keap1-Nrf2- ARE modulate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress by increasing the expression of cellular antioxidant defenses, phase II detoxification enzymes, and decreased production of ROS. Free radicals such as H2O2 are indeed needed for the advancement of the cell cycle as these molecules influence DNA, proteins, and enzymes in the cell cycle pathway. In the course of cell cycle progression, the cellular redox environment becomes more oxidized, moving from the G1 phase, becoming higher in G2/M and moderate in the S phase. Signals in the form of an increase in cellular pro-oxidant levels are required, and these signals are often terminated by a rise in the amount of antioxidants and MnSOD with a decrease in the level of cyclin D1 proteins. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of cell cycle redox regulation will help in the therapy of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, ADS Avenue, Roi Muhammad VI Du Maroc Maradi, Republique Du Niger
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17
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Wang D, Jang YD, Kelley M, Rentfrow GK, Azain MJ, Lindemann MD. Effects of multiple vitamin E levels and two fat sources in diets for swine fed to heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: I. Growth performance, lean growth, organ size, carcass characteristics, primal cuts, and pork quality. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad086. [PMID: 37583487 PMCID: PMC10424717 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effect of two fat source and graded levels of vitamin E (VE) supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of pigs at heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 48 individually-fed pigs (24 barrows, 24 gilts; 28.44 ± 2.69 kg) were blocked by sex and weight and randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Fat treatments were 5% tallow (TW) and distiller's corn-oil (DCO) in the diets. The VE treatments included four levels of α-tocopheryl-acetate (11, 40, 100, and 200 ppm). Growth performance, carcass traits, organ weight, primal cuts, and pork quality were measured. Increasing dietary VE supplementation levels linearly increased overall Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (P < 0.05), with an interaction between fat sources and VE supplementation levels on cumulative ADG (P < 0.05) during phases 1 and 3 (28 to 100 kg) and 1 to 4 (28 to125 kg) wherein ADG in the pigs fed the DCO diet, but not the TW diet, increased with increasing dietary VE supplementation level. A similar interaction was observed in 24 h pH and picnic shoulder (P < 0.05). No notable effect of fat source was observed in growth performance. With increasing dietary VE supplementation levels, there were quadratic responses in pork pH at 45 min and 24 h postmortem with the highest value in 40 and 100 ppm of VE levels while TBARS values on day 7 postmortem decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Compared with the TW diet, the DCO diet resulted in greater TBARS values during 7 postmortem (P < 0.05; day 5, P = 0.09). These results demonstrated that increasing dietary VE supplementation level could enhance growth rate and feed intake and reduce lipid peroxidation of pork whereas the diet containing DCO as a fat source could negatively affect pork shelf-life and carcass characteristics and that increasing VE supplementation level had no notable interaction with fat sources for carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Young Dal Jang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Marlee Kelley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Gregg K Rentfrow
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Michael J Azain
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Merlin D Lindemann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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18
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Zhang W, Wan Z, Li X, Li R, Luo L, Song Z, Miao Y, Li Z, Wang S, Shan Y, Li Y, Chen B, Zhen H, Sun Y, Fang M, Ding J, Yan Y, Zong Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Yang H, Yang S, Wang J, Jin X, Wang R, Chen P, Min J, Zeng Y, Li T, Xu X, Nie C. A population-based study of precision health assessments using multi-omics network-derived biological functional modules. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100847. [PMID: 36493776 PMCID: PMC9798030 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in multi-omics and bioinformatics provide an opportunity to develop precision health assessments, which require big data and relevant bioinformatic methods. Here we collect multi-omics data from 4,277 individuals. We calculate the correlations between pairwise features from cross-sectional data and then generate 11 biological functional modules (BFMs) in males and 12 BFMs in females using a community detection algorithm. Using the features in the BFM associated with cardiometabolic health, carotid plaques can be predicted accurately in an independent dataset. We developed a model by comparing individual data with the health baseline in BFMs to assess health status (BFM-ash). Then we apply the model to chronic patients and modify the BFM-ash model to assess the effects of consuming grape seed extract as a dietary supplement. Finally, anomalous BFMs are identified for each subject. Our BFMs and BFM-ash model have huge prospects for application in precision health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ziyun Wan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,BGI Education Center, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Rui Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lihua Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,BGI Education Center, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zijun Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Miao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,BGI Education Center, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,BGI Education Center, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ying Shan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yan Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bangwei Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hefu Zhen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yuzhe Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mingyan Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiahong Ding
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yizhen Yan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yang Zong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chao Nie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China,China National GeneBank, Shenzhen 518120, China,Corresponding author
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19
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Meulmeester FL, Luo J, Martens LG, Mills K, van Heemst D, Noordam R. Antioxidant Supplementation in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: What Have We Learned from Studies on Alpha-Tocopherol? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122322. [PMID: 36552530 PMCID: PMC9774512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key contributor to lifestyle- and age-related diseases. Because free radicals play an important role in various processes such as immune responses and cellular signaling, the body possesses an arsenal of different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress is, among others, the result of an imbalance between the production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms including vitamin E (α-tocopherol) as a non-enzymatic antioxidant. Dietary vitamins, such as vitamin C and E, can also be taken in as supplements. It has been postulated that increasing antioxidant levels through supplementation may delay and/or ameliorate outcomes of lifestyle- and age-related diseases that have been linked to oxidative stress. Although supported by many animal experiments and observational studies, randomized clinical trials in humans have failed to demonstrate any clinical benefit from antioxidant supplementation. Nevertheless, possible explanations for this discrepancy remain underreported. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments and novel research techniques used to clarify the existing controversy on the benefits of antioxidant supplementation in health and disease, focusing on α-tocopherol as antioxidant. Based on the currently available literature, we propose that examining the difference between antioxidant activity and capacity, by considering the catabolism of antioxidants, will provide crucial knowledge on the preventative and therapeutical use of antioxidant supplementation in oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur L. Meulmeester
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (F.L.M.); (R.N.); Tel.: +31-71-526-6640 (R.N.)
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon G. Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Mills
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (F.L.M.); (R.N.); Tel.: +31-71-526-6640 (R.N.)
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20
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Wang R, Qin Z, Luo H, Pan M, Liu M, Yang P, Shi T. Prognostic value of PNN in prostate cancer and its correlation with therapeutic significance. Front Genet 2022; 13:1056224. [PMID: 36468018 PMCID: PMC9708726 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy. New biomarkers are in demand to facilitate the management. The role of the pinin protein (encoded by PNN gene) in PCa has not been thoroughly explored yet. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-PCa) dataset validated with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and protein expression data retrieved from the Human Protein Atlas, the prognostic and diagnostic values of PNN were studied. Highly co-expressed genes with PNN (HCEG) were constructed for pathway enrichment analysis and drug prediction. A prognostic signature based on methylation status using HCEG was constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the TISIDB database were utilised to analyse the associations between PNN and tumour-infiltrating immune cells. The upregulated PNN expression in PCa at both transcription and protein levels suggests its potential as an independent prognostic factor of PCa. Analyses of the PNN's co-expression network indicated that PNN plays a role in RNA splicing and spliceosomes. The prognostic methylation signature demonstrated good performance for progression-free survival. Finally, our results showed that the PNN gene was involved in splicing-related pathways in PCa and identified as a potential biomarker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
- Changde Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, Changde, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Arts and Science (the Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyi Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Meisen Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Arts and Science (the Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Changde, Hunan, China
- Medical College, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
- Changde Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, Changde, China
| | - Pinhong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
- Changde Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, Changde, China
- Hunan Provincial Ley Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Techonology of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Changde, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
- Changde Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, Changde, China
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21
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Webster RD. Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Oxidized Intermediate Forms of Vitamin E. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196194. [PMID: 36234726 PMCID: PMC9571374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E, a collection of lipophilic phenolic compounds based on chroman-6-ol, has a rich and fascinating oxidative chemistry involving a range of intermediate forms, some of which are proposed to be important in its biological functions. In this review, the available electrochemical and spectroscopic data on these oxidized intermediates are summarized, along with a discussion on how their lifetimes and chemical stability are either typical of similar phenolic and chroman-6-ol derived compounds, or atypical and unique to the specific oxidized isomeric form of vitamin E. The overall electrochemical oxidation mechanism for vitamin E can be summarized as involving the loss of two-electrons and one-proton, although the electron transfer and chemical steps can be controlled to progress along different pathways to prolong the lifetimes of discreet intermediates by modifying the experimental conditions (applied electrochemical potential, aqueous or non-aqueous solvent, and pH). Depending on the environment, the electrochemical reactions can involve single electron transfer (SET), proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), as well as homogeneous disproportionation and comproportionation steps. The intermediate species produced via chemical or electrochemical oxidation include phenolates, phenol cation radicals, phenoxyl neutral radicals, dications, diamagnetic cations (phenoxeniums) and para–quinone methides. The cation radicals of all the tocopherols are atypically long-lived compared to the cation radicals of other phenols, due to their relatively weak acidity. The diamagnetic cation derived from α–tocopherol is exceptionally long-lived compared to the diamagnetic cations from the other β–, γ– and δ–isomers of vitamin E and compared with other phenoxenium cations derived from phenolic compounds. In contrast, the lifetime of the phenoxyl radical derived from α–tocopherol, which is considered to be critical in biological reactions, is typical for what is expected for a compound with its structural features. Over longer times via hydrolysis reactions, hydroxy para–quinone hemiketals and quinones can be formed from the oxidized intermediates, which can themselves undergo reduction processes to form intermediate anion radicals and dianions. Methods for generating the oxidized intermediates by chemical, photochemical and electrochemical methods are discussed, along with a summary of how the final products vary depending on the method used for oxidation. Since the intermediates mainly only survive in solution, they are most often monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR or Raman spectroscopies, and EPR spectroscopy, with the spectroscopic techniques sometimes combined with fast photoinitiated excitation and time-resolved spectroscopy for detection of short-lived species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Webster
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore;
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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22
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Liao S, Omage SO, Börmel L, Kluge S, Schubert M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S. Vitamin E and Metabolic Health: Relevance of Interactions with Other Micronutrients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091785. [PMID: 36139859 PMCID: PMC9495493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hundred years have passed since vitamin E was identified as an essential micronutrient for mammals. Since then, many biological functions of vitamin E have been unraveled in both cell and animal models, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulatory activities on cell signaling and gene expression. However, the bioavailability and physiological functions of vitamin E have been considerably shown to depend on lifestyle, genetic factors, and individual health conditions. Another important facet that has been considered less so far is the endogenous interaction with other nutrients. Accumulating evidence indicates that the interaction between vitamin E and other nutrients, especially those that are enriched by supplementation in humans, may explain at least some of the discrepancies observed in clinical trials. Meanwhile, increasing evidence suggests that the different forms of vitamin E metabolites and derivates also exhibit physiological activities, which are more potent and mediated via different pathways compared to the respective vitamin E precursors. In this review, possible molecular mechanisms between vitamin E and other nutritional factors are discussed and their potential impact on physiological and pathophysiological processes is evaluated using published co-supplementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liao
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvia Oghogho Omage
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Börmel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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23
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Miazek K, Beton K, Śliwińska A, Brożek-Płuska B. The Effect of β-Carotene, Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid as Anti-Oxidant Molecules on Human and Animal In Vitro/In Vivo Studies: A Review of Research Design and Analytical Techniques Used. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081087. [PMID: 36008981 PMCID: PMC9406122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged elevated oxidative stress (OS) possesses negative effect on cell structure and functioning, and is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Naturally occurred anti-oxidant compounds reduce the oxidative stress in living organisms. In this review, antioxidant properties of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid are presented based on in vitro, in vivo and populational studies. Firstly, environmental factors contributing to the OS occurrence and intracellular sources of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, as well as ROS-mediated cellular structure degradation, are introduced. Secondly, enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanism of anti-oxidant defence against OS development, is presented. Furthermore, ROS-preventing mechanisms and effectiveness of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid as anti-oxidants are summarized, based on studies where different ROS-generating (oxidizing) agents are used. Oxidative stress biomarkers, as indicators on OS level and prevention by anti-oxidant supplementation, are presented with a focus on the methods (spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chromatographic, immuno-enzymatic) of their detection. Finally, the application of Raman spectroscopy and imaging as a tool for monitoring the effect of anti-oxidant (β-carotene, ascorbic acid) on cell structure and metabolism, is proposed. Literature data gathered suggest that β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid possess potential to mitigate oxidative stress in various biological systems. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be a valuable technique to study the effect of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant molecules in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Miazek
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Beton
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek-Płuska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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24
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Genetic Factors Associated with Response to Vitamin E Treatment in NAFLD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071284. [PMID: 35883775 PMCID: PMC9311784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the predominant liver disease worldwide, and vitamin E has been clinically shown to improve histological parameters in a subset of patients. In this narrative review, we investigate whether genetic factors may help to explain why some patients show histological improvements upon high-dose alpha-tocopherol (αT) treatment while others do not. In summary, we identified two factors that are associated with treatment response, including genetic variations in haptoglobin as well as fatty acid desaturase 1/2 (FADS1/FADS2). Other genetic variants such as in alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (αTTP), tocopherol associated protein (TAP), transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 (TM6SF2), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism may also play a role, but have not yet been investigated in a clinical context. We propose to further validate these associations in larger populations, to then use them as a clinical tool to identify the subset of patients that will benefit the most from vitamin E supplementation.
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25
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Matsumoto S, Traber MG, Leonard SW, Choi J, Fang X, Maishan M, Wick KD, Jones KD, Calfee CS, Gotts JE, Matthay MA. Aerosolized vitamin E acetate causes oxidative injury in mice and in alveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L771-L783. [PMID: 35318859 PMCID: PMC9109788 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00482.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin E acetate (VEA) is suspected to play a causal role in the development of electronic-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), the underlying biological mechanisms of pulmonary injury are yet to be determined. In addition, no study has replicated the systemic inflammation observed in humans in a murine EVALI model, nor investigated potential additive toxicity of viral infection in the setting of exposure to vaping products. To identify the mechanisms driving VEA-related lung injury and test the hypothesis that viral infection causes additive lung injury in the presence of aerosolized VEA, we exposed mice to aerosolized VEA for extended times, followed by influenza infection in some experiments. We used mass spectrometry to evaluate the composition of aerosolized VEA condensate and the VEA deposition in murine or human alveolar macrophages. Extended vaping for 28 days versus 15 days did not worsen lung injury but caused systemic inflammation in the murine EVALI model. Vaping plus influenza increased lung water compared with virus alone. Murine alveolar macrophages exposed to vaped VEA hydrolyzed the VEA to vitamin E with evidence of oxidative stress in the alveolar space and systemic circulation. Aerosolized VEA also induced cell death and chemokine release and reduced efferocytotic function in human alveolar macrophages in vitro. These findings provide new insights into the biological mechanisms of VEA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine D Wick
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kirk D Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey E Gotts
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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26
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Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) Metabolism and Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050989. [PMID: 35624853 PMCID: PMC9137556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is an essential micronutrient and fat-soluble antioxidant with proposed role in protecting tissues from uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. This vitamin has also important protein function and gene modulation effects. The metabolism of vitamin E depends on hepatic binding proteins that selectively retain food alpha-tocopherol for incorporation into nascent VLDL and tissue distribution together with esterified cholesterol and triglycerides. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition of oxidative stress and increased lipid peroxidation, that are associated with alterations of alpha-tocopherol metabolism and function. Specific changes have been reported for the levels of its enzymatic metabolites, including both short-chain and long-chain metabolites, the latter being endowed with regulatory functions on enzymatic and gene expression processes important for the metabolism of lipids and xenobiotics detoxification, as well as for the control of immune and inflammatory processes. Vitamin E therapy has been investigated in CKD using both oral vitamin E protocols and vitamin E-coated hemodialyzers, showing promising results in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, as well as of immune and hematological complications. These therapeutic approaches are reviewed in the present article, together with a narrative excursus on the main findings indicating CKD as a condition of relative deficiency and impaired metabolism of vitamin E.
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27
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Iddir M, Vahid F, Merten D, Larondelle Y, Bohn T. Influence of Proteins on the Absorption of Lipophilic Vitamins, Carotenoids and Curcumin - A Review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200076. [PMID: 35506751 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While proteins have been widely used to encapsulate, protect, and regulate the release of bioactive food compounds, little is known about the influence of co-consumed proteins on the absorption of lipophilic constituents following digestion, such as vitamins (A, D, E, K), carotenoids, and curcumin. Their bioavailability is often low and very variable, depending on the food matrix and host factors. Some proteins can act as emulsifiers during digestion. Their liberated peptides have amphiphilic properties that can facilitate the absorption of microconstituents, by improving their transition from lipid droplets into mixed micelles. Contrarily, the less well digested proteins could negatively impinge on enzymatic accessibility to the lipid droplets, slowing down their processing into mixed micelles and entrapping apolar food compounds. Interactions with mixed micelles and proteins are also plausible, as shown earlier for drugs. This review focuses on the ability of proteins to act as effective emulsifiers of lipophilic vitamins, carotenoids, and curcumin during digestion. The functional properties of proteins, their chemical interactions with enzymes and food constituents during gastro-intestinal digestion, potentials and limitations for their use as emulsifiers are emphasized and data from human, animal, and in vitro trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg.,Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg
| | - Diane Merten
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445, Luxembourg
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28
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Rychter AM, Hryhorowicz S, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Antioxidant effects of vitamin E and risk of cardiovascular disease in women with obesity – a narrative review. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1557-1565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Wang D, Dal Jang Y, Rentfrow GK, Azain MJ, Lindemann MD. Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: I. Growth performance, lean growth, organ size, carcass characteristics, primal cuts, and pork quality. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6548908. [PMID: 35289901 PMCID: PMC9030125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on growth performance, lean growth, organ size, carcass characteristics, and pork quality of pigs at a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg. A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows and 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and body weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of fat source (corn starch [CS; no fat added], 5% tallow [TW], 5% distiller's corn oil [DCO], and 5% coconut oil [CN]) and VE supplementation level (11 and 200 ppm). Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC and fed to pigs with each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing dietary VE supplementation from 11 to 200 ppm tended to increase average daily gain (ADG) in phase 5 (P = 0.08), and gain to feed ratio (G/F) in phase 4 (P = 0.06) and phase 5 (P = 0.06) resulting in increased G/F in the overall period
(P = 0.10). Compared with the pigs fed the CS diet in the overall period, the pigs fed DCO diets had greater ADG (P < 0.05), the pigs fed the TW and CN diets had lower average daily feed intake (P < 0.05), and the pigs fed the fat-added diets had greater G/F (P < 0.05). Belly firmness was greatest in the pigs fed the CN diet and lowest in those fed the DCO diet (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm increased absolute and relative liver weight, absolute ham yield (P < 0.05), and tended to increase the relative yield of picnic shoulder (P = 0.07) and ham (P = 0.06) and the pigs fed the corn oil diet tended to have greater belly yield (P = 0.08) than the other fat treatments. Increasing dietary VE level increased 45-min pH and ΔpH at slaughter but decreased a* value, chroma (P < 0.10), and belly depth (P < 0.05). However, no effects of VE supplementation and fat source were observed on the other carcass traits and meat quality measurements. In conclusion, increasing dietary
VE level from 11 to 200 ppm slightly increased growth rate and feed efficiency in the late finishing periods, and the addition of fat increased feed efficiency and backfat thickness, decreased lean content, and altered belly firmness. While there were some effects of VE supplementation and fat source observed on organ weight, primal cuts, carcass traits, and meat quality, there was no strong evidence that VE supplementation and fat source materially affected these measurements except for belly firmness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Current address: BNG Miracle Pet LLC, 2425 W. Dorothy Lane, Dayton, OH 45439, USA
| | - Young Dal Jang
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
| | - Gregg K Rentfrow
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Michael J Azain
- Animal and Dairy Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Merlin D Lindemann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
- Corresponding author:
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30
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The Effects of Vitamins and Micronutrients on Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity, Survival, and Eradication: A Crosstalk between Micronutrients and Immune System. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4713684. [PMID: 35340586 PMCID: PMC8942682 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4713684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori as a class I carcinogen is correlated with a variety of severe gastroduodenal diseases; therefore, H. pylori eradication has become a priority to prevent gastric carcinogenesis. However, due to the emergence and spread of multidrug and single drug resistance mechanisms in H. pylori, as well as serious side effects of currently used antibiotic interventions, achieving successful H. pylori eradication has become exceedingly difficult. Recent studies expressed the intention of seeking novel strategies to improve H. pylori management and reduce the risk of H. pylori-associated intestinal and extragastrointestinal disorders. For which, vitamin supplementation has been demonstrated in many studies to have a tight interaction with H. pylori infection, either directly through the regulation of the host inflammatory pathways or indirectly by promoting the host immune response. On the other hand, H. pylori infection is reported to result in micronutrient malabsorption or deficiency. Furthermore, serum levels of particular micronutrients, especially vitamin D, are inversely correlated to the risk of H. pylori infection and eradication failure. Accordingly, vitamin supplementation might increase the efficiency of H. pylori eradication and reduce the risk of drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, this review aims at highlighting the regulatory role of micronutrients in H. pylori-induced host immune response and their potential capacity, as intrinsic antioxidants, for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discuss the uncovered mechanisms underlying the molecular and serological interactions between micronutrients and H. pylori infection to present a perspective for innovative in vitro investigations, as well as novel clinical implications.
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31
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Md Amin NA, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Arshad AH, Abdul Aziz N, Abdul Nasir NA, Ab Latip N. Are Vitamin E Supplementation Beneficial for Female Gynaecology Health and Diseases? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061896. [PMID: 35335260 PMCID: PMC8955126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is known as an essential vitamin, and many studies had demonstrated the importance of vitamin E throughout the reproductive process, such as miscarriage, premature birth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction, which could be caused by a lack of vitamin E during pregnancy. Its potent antioxidant properties can counteract the oxidative stress induced by oxygen free radicals and imbalance of oxidative-antioxidant levels, hence it may play a role in maintaining the normal function of the female reproductive system. Despite the fact that vitamin E is acknowledged as the substance needed for reproduction, its beneficial effects on female fertility, gynaecological health, and diseases are still poorly understood and lacking. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to provide a summary of the known roles of vitamin E supplementation in women for gynaecological health and reproductive-related diseases, as well as its future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amira Md Amin
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Akmal Hisyam Arshad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Norhaslinda Abdul Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Normala Ab Latip
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Zaaboul F, Liu Y. Vitamin E in foodstuff: Nutritional, analytical, and food technology aspects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:964-998. [PMID: 35181987 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a group of isoprenoid chromanols with different biological activities. It comprises eight oil-soluble compounds: four tocopherols, namely, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols; and four tocotrienols, namely, α-, β-, γ, and δ-tocotrienols. Vitamin E isomers are well-known for their antioxidant activity, gene-regulation effects, and anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective properties. Considering that vitamin E is exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, animals can only acquire it through their diet. Plant-based food is the primary source of vitamin E; hence, oils, nuts, fruits, and vegetables with high contents of vitamin E are mostly consumed after processing, including industrial processes and home-cooking, which involve vitamin E profile and content alteration during their preparation. Accordingly, it is essential to identify the vitamin E content and profile in foodstuff to match daily intake requirements. This review summarizes recent advances in vitamin E chemistry, metabolism and metabolites, current knowledge on their contents and profiles in raw and processed plant foods, and finally, their modern developments in analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Zaaboul
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic China
| | - YuanFa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic China
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Mustari A, Nooruzzaman M, Miah MA, Sujan KM, Chowdhury EH. Promoting action of vitamin E and black seed oil on reproductive hormones and organ histoarchitecture of Swiss albino mice. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:710-718. [PMID: 35037408 PMCID: PMC8959291 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin E and black seed oil are two powerful antioxidants with several health benefits. Objective The effect of vitamin E and black seed oil on reproductive performance of Swiss albino mice was studied. Methods A total of 80 (40 male and 40 female) mice of 25–28 days old were randomly divided into four groups viz., A, B, C and D consisting of 10 mice in each group. Mice from the group A served as vehicle control and received normal mice ration whereas mice from the group B, C and D received feed supplemented with either black seed oil (0.5 ml/kg), vitamin E (200 mg/kg) or combination of black seed oil (0.5 ml/kg) and vitamin E (200 mg/kg), respectively daily for 16 weeks. At the end point of the study, blood samples were collected and sera were separated for hormonal analysis. At the same time, mice were sacrificed and testes and ovaries were collected for histomorphological examination. Results In male mice, the level of testosterone increased significantly in mice receiving black seed oil only, whereas the thyroxin increased significantly in all treated groups when compared to the control mice. Histomorphological examination revealed a significant increase in the diameter of seminiferous tubules in male mice fed with either black seed oil or vitamin E or both. On the other hand, the oestradiol and thyroxin concentration in female mice showed no significant changes in both control and treated groups. However, ovaries of mice fed with black seed oil or vitamin E or both showed an increased number of the follicles of different stages than the control mice. Conclusions The findings highlighted the promoting action of vitamin E and black seed oil on reproductive functions of mice and that can be used to treat infertility in man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrina Mustari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Alam Miah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Khaled Mahmud Sujan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Hauqe Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Schubert M, Kluge S, Brunner E, Pace S, Birringer M, Werz O, Lorkowski S. The α-tocopherol-derived long-chain metabolite α-13'-COOH mediates endotoxin tolerance and modulates the inflammatory response via MAPK and NFκB pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:83-96. [PMID: 34848369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The long-chain metabolites of (LCM) vitamin E are proposed as the active regulatory metabolites of vitamin E providing, with their anti-inflammatory properties, an explanatory approach for the inconsistent effects of vitamin E on inflammatory-driven diseases. We examined the modulation of cytokine expression and release from macrophages, a fundamental process in many diseases, to gain insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the α-tocopherol-derived LCM α-13'-COOH. METHODS AND RESULTS Suppressed gene expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), and interleukin (Il) 6 in response to lipopolysaccharides by 24 h pre-treatment with α-13'-COOH in RAW264.7 macrophages was revealed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Further, reduced secretion of IL1β and CCL2 was found in this setup using flow cytometry. In contrast, 1 h pre-treatment suppressed only CCL2. Consequent gene expression analysis within 24 h of α-13'-COOH treatment revealed the induction of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) negative feedback regulators including the 'master regulators' dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (Dusp1/Mkp1) and tumor necrosis factor induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3/A20). Approaches with immunoblots and chemical antagonists suggest a feedback induction via activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and NFκB pathways. CONCLUSIONS CCL2 is suppressed in murine macrophages by α-13'-COOH and the indirect suppression of MAPK and NFκB pathways is likely a relevant process contributing to anti-inflammatory actions of α-13'-COOH. These results improve the understanding of the effects of α-13'-COOH and provide a basis for new research strategies in the context of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Brunner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany; Regionales Innovationszentrum Gesundheit und Lebensqualität (RIGL), Fulda, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
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Yang QY, Hu YH, Guo HL, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Fang WR, Li YM, Xu J, Chen F, Wang YR, Wang TF. Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Genetic Variation as a Potential Risk Factor. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771487. [PMID: 34955843 PMCID: PMC8696478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is the first-line chemotherapeutic medication often co-administered with other drugs to treat childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Dose-dependent neurotoxicity is the main factor restricting VCR’s clinical application. VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) sometimes results in dose reduction or omission, leading to clinical complications or affecting the patient’s quality of life. With regard to the genetic basis of drug responses, preemptive pharmacogenomic testing and simultaneous blood level monitoring could be helpful for the transformation of various findings into individualized therapies. In this review, we discussed the potential associations between genetic variants in genes contributing to the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of VCR and VIPN incidence and severity in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Of note, genetic variants in the CEP72 gene have great potential to be translated into clinical practice. Such a genetic biomarker may help clinicians diagnose VIPN earlier. Besides, genetic variants in other genes, such as CYP3A5, ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, TTPA, ACTG1, CAPG, SYNE2, SLC5A7, COCH, and MRPL47, have been reported to be associated with the VIPN, but more evidence is needed to validate the findings in the future. In fact, a variety of complex factors jointly determine the VIPN. In implementing precision medicine, the combination of genetic, environmental, and personal variables, along with therapeutic drug monitoring, will allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms of VIPN, improving the effectiveness of VCR treatment, reducing adverse reactions, and improving patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Rong Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Man Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Ren Wang
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng-Fei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Brigelius-Flohé R. Vitamin E research: Past, now and future. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:381-390. [PMID: 34756995 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The early history of vitamin E from its discovery by Herbert M. Evans and Katharine J. S. Bishop in 1922 up to its chemical synthesis by Paul Karrer and coworkers in 1938 and the development of the concept that vitamin E acts as an antioxidant in vivo are recalled. Some more recent results shedding doubt on this hypothesis are reviewed. They comprise influence of vitamin E on enzyme activities, signaling cascades, gene expression and bio-membrane structure. The overall conclusion is that our knowledge of the vitamin's mechanism of action still remains fragmentary. The metabolism of tocopherols and tocotrienols is presented and discussed in respect to bioactivity of the metabolites, interference with drug metabolism and the future design of clinical trials. Some strategies are recommended how to reach the final goal: the identification of the primary vitamin E target(s) and the analysis of the downstream events up to the physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Alle 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Arai H, Kono N. α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP). Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:162-175. [PMID: 34563650 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) is so far the only known protein that specifically recognizes α-tocopherol (α-Toc), the most abundant and most biologically active form of vitamin E, in higher animals. α-TTP is highly expressed in the liver where α-TTP selects α-Toc among vitamin E forms taken up via plasma lipoproteins and promotes its secretion to circulating lipoproteins. Thus, α-TTP is a major determinant of plasma α-Toc concentrations. Familial vitamin E deficiency, also called Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, is caused by mutations in the α-TTP gene. More than 20 different mutations have been found in the α-TTP gene worldwide, among which some missense mutations provided valuable clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying intracellular α-Toc transport. In hepatocytes, α-TTP catalyzes the vectorial transport of α-Toc from the endocytotic compartment to the plasma membrane (PM) by targeting phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) such as PI(4,5)P2. By binding PIPs at the PM, α-TTP opens the lid covering the hydrophobic pocket, thus facilitating the release of bound α-Toc to the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Nag S, Das Saha K. Chitosan-Decorated PLGA-NPs Loaded with Tannic Acid/Vitamin E Mitigate Colon Cancer via the NF-κB/β-Cat/EMT Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28752-28769. [PMID: 34746569 PMCID: PMC8567364 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the second highest contributor of cancer-related deaths throughout the world. Treatment strategies with tannic acid and vitamin E are envisaged as desirable and safe owing to their robust antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential. In the present report, these bioactives have been nanoencapsulated in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) formulations for maintaining sustained release and ensuring enhanced bioavailability. Capping of nanoparticles (NPs) with chitosan was done for enhanced anticancer efficacy and tumor targeting. CS-PLGA-TA-E, administered intraperitoneally, significantly inhibited tumor number and tumor volume and normalized colon histology in the colon cancer. Tissue distribution studies showed that TA/E content from CS-PLGA-TA-E was present in a higher concentration in the tumor tissue than the concentration of TA/E content from PLGA-TA-E or free TA or free E. Also, the TA/E content from all of the treatment groups showed its highest concentration in the tumor compared to other organs. Antioxidant enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were inhibited by CS-PLGA-TA-E. CS-PLGA-TA-E inhibited markers for tumor growth (EGFR-PI3K-AKT), inflammation (NF-κB/Stat3), β-catenin signaling (β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1), EMT (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin), and apoptosis (Bcl-2) in a significantly greater way as compared with PLGA-TA-E, TA, or E. CS-PLGA-TA-E NPs can be considered promising anticancer drugs for colon cancer.
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Manjunath V, Badhe RV, McCoy M, Rynne J, Bhatti A, Segu A, Oral E, Jacobs JJ, Chastain P, Bijukumar D, Mathew MT. The role of Vitamin E in hip implant-related corrosion and toxicity: Initial outcome. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104769. [PMID: 34412025 PMCID: PMC10559727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In orthopedic healthcare, Total Hip Replacement (THR) is a common and effective solution to hip-related bone and joint diseases/fracture; however, corrosion of the hip implant and the release of degradation metal ions/particles can lead to early implant failure and pose potential toxicity risk for the surrounding tissues. The main objective of this work was to investigate the potential role of Vitamin E to minimize corrosion-related concerns from CoCrMo hip implants. The study focused on two questions (i) Can Vitamin E inhibit CoCrMo corrosion? and (ii) Does Vitamin E moderate the toxicity associated with the CoCrMo implant particles? In the study (i) the electrochemical experiments (ASTM G61) with different concentrations of Vitamin E (1, 2, 3 mg/ml against the control) were performed using normal saline and simulated synovial fluid (Bovine calf serum-BCS, 30 g/L protein, pH 7.4) as electrolytes. The polished CoCrMo disc (Ra 50 nm) was the working electrode. The findings suggested that both Vitamin E-Saline (45 ± 0.9%) and Vitamin E-BCS (91 ± 3%) solutions protected against implant corrosion at a Vitamin E concentration of 3 mg/ml, but Vitamin E-BCS showed protection at all Vitamin E (1-3 mg/ml) concentration levels. These results suggested that the Vitamin E and the protein present in the BCS imparted additive effects towards the electrochemical inhibition. In the study (ii) the role of Vitamin E in cytotoxicity inhibition was studied using a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2a) for CoCrMo particles and Cr ions separately. The CoCrMo particles were generated from a custom-built hip simulator. The alamarBlue assay results suggested that Vitamin E provides significant protection (85% and 75% proliferation) to N2a cells against CoCrMo particles and Cr ions, respectively at 1 μg/ml concentration, as compared to the control group. However, the results obtained from ROS expression and DNA fiber staining suggest that Vitamin E is only effective against CoCrMo degradation particles and not against Cr ions. In summary, the findings show that Vitamin E can minimize the corrosion processes and play a role in minimizing the potential toxicity associated with implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Manjunath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Ravindra V Badhe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Maureen McCoy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Josiah Rynne
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Aisha Bhatti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Abhijith Segu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Ebru Oral
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua J Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Chastain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Divya Bijukumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA.
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Berardesca E, Cameli N. Vitamin E supplementation in inflammatory skin diseases. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15160. [PMID: 34655146 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant that protects membranes from lipid peroxidation, and consequently, oxidative damage. Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Vitamin E supplementation is recommended in patients with vitamin E deficiency due to fat malabsorption. The addition of vitamin E to the diet slows Alzheimer's disease progression and protects older patients against respiratory infections. Recent studies also point to the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathology of immune-mediated skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. We reviewed the available clinical trials that investigated the role of vitamin E supplementation in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Data from these studies point to a positive role of vitamin E supplementation in these diseases. Still, due to limitations in study design, further evidence is needed to reach a definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Berardesca
- Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Norma Cameli
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
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Towards prevention of ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury: Pre-clinical evaluation of 6-chromanol derivatives and the lead compound SUL-138 ✰. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106033. [PMID: 34610451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global healthcare burden attributable to high mortality and staggering costs of dialysis. The underlying causes of AKI include hypothermia and rewarming (H/R), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species production. Inspired by the mechanisms conferring organ protection in hibernating hamster, 6-chromanol derived compounds were developed to address the need of effective prevention and treatment of AKI. Here we report on the pre-clinical screening of 6-chromanol leads that confer protection during I/R to select compounds with favorable profiles for clinical testing in AKI. A library of 6-chromanols (n = 63) was screened in silico for pharmacochemical properties and druggability. Selected compounds (n = 15) were screened for the potency to protect HEK293 cells from H/R cell death and subjected to a panel of in vitro safety assays. Based on these parameters, SUL-138 was selected as the lead compound and was found to safeguard kidney function and decrease renal injury after I/R in rats. The compound was without cardiovascular or respiratory effects in vivo. SUL-138 pharmacokinetics of control animals (mouse, rat) and those undergoing I/R (rat) was identical, showing a two-phase elimination profile with terminal half-life of about 8 h. Collectively, our phenotype-based screening approach led to the identification of 3 candidates for pre-clinical studies (5%, 3/64). SUL-138 emerged from this small-scale library of 6-chromanols as a novel prophylactic for AKI. The presented efficacy and safety data provide a basis for future development and clinical testing. SECTION ASSIGNMENTS: : Drug discovery and translational medicine, renal, metabolism SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: : Based on in silico druggability parameters, a 63 compound 6-chromanol library was narrowed down to 15 compounds. These compounds were subjected to phenotypical screening of cell survival following hypothermia damage and hit compounds were identified. After subsequent assessment of in vivo efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and cardiovascular and respiratory safety, SUL-138 emerged as a lead compound that prevented kidney injury after ischemia/reperfusion and demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile unaffected by renal ischemia.
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Enjoy Carefully: The Multifaceted Role of Vitamin E in Neuro-Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810087. [PMID: 34576251 PMCID: PMC8466828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is often associated with health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects. These properties make its supplementation a suitable therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. However, trials evaluating the effects of vitamin E supplementation are inconsistent. In randomized controlled trials, the observed associations often cannot be substantiated. This could be due to the wide variety of study designs regarding the dosage and duration of vitamin E supplementation. Furthermore, genetic variants can influence vitamin E uptake and/or metabolism, thereby distorting its overall effect. Recent studies also show adverse effects of vitamin E supplementation regarding Alzheimer’s disease due to the increased synthesis of amyloid β. These diverse effects may underline the inhomogeneous outcomes associated with its supplementation and argue for a more thoughtful usage of vitamin E. Specifically, the genetic and nutritional profile should be taken into consideration to identify suitable candidates who will benefit from supplementation. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge of vitamin E supplementation in neurodegenerative disease and give an outlook on individualized, sustainable neuro-nutrition, with a focus on vitamin E supplementation.
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Melhaoui R, Kodad S, Houmy N, Belhaj K, Mansouri F, Abid M, Addi M, Mihamou A, Sindic M, Serghini-Caid H, Elamrani A. Characterization of Sweet Almond Oil Content of Four European Cultivars ( Ferragnes, Ferraduel, Fournat, and Marcona) Recently Introduced in Morocco. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:9141695. [PMID: 34497732 PMCID: PMC8421184 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9141695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns the characterization of oil content and quality indices for almond cultivars (Marcona (Mr), Fournat (Fn), Ferragnes (Fg), and Ferraduel (Fd)) recently introduced into marginal agricultural areas in eastern Morocco. These verities are known for their rusticity and late flowering stage. The analyzed almond oils showed low acidity and peroxide values ranging, respectively, from 0.32 to 0.36% and 1.88 to 3.18 meq O2/kg. Fatty acid (FA) profile revealed a predominance of the unsaturated FA represented essentially by the oleic (56.64-64.03%) and linoleic FA (24.57-29.80%). Triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis allowed the determination of eleven species with a remarkable dominance of trioleylglycerol (OOO: 30%) and dioleyllinoleoylglcerol (OOL: 27.25%). Regarding the minor compounds, the results showed that the total phenol content ranges between 85.33 and 141.66 mg/kg. Concerning the tocopherol content, the studied oils showed richness in these secondary metabolites (408.99-491.77 mg/kg) with a dominance of α-tocopherol. In comparison to their homologues in the Mediterranean area, the evaluated almond oils demonstrated a slight superiority in terms of quality, in particular, to those produced in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Melhaoui
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Souhayla Kodad
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nadia Houmy
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Malika Abid
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Aatika Mihamou
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Marianne Sindic
- Analysis Quality and Risk Unit, Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety (QSPA), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hana Serghini-Caid
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
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Hales EN, Habib H, Favro G, Katzman S, Sakai RR, Marquardt S, Bordbari MH, Ming-Whitfield B, Peterson J, Dahlgren AR, Rivas V, Ramirez CA, Peng S, Donnelly CG, Dizmang BS, Kallenberg A, Grahn R, Miller AD, Woolard K, Moeller B, Puschner B, Finno CJ. Increased α-tocopherol metabolism in horses with equine neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2473-2485. [PMID: 34331715 PMCID: PMC8478026 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with a vitamin E deficiency within the first year of life. Vitamin E consists of 8 isoforms metabolized by the CYP4F2 enzyme. No antemortem diagnostic test currently exists for eNAD/EDM. Hypothesis/Objectives Based on the association of α‐tocopherol deficiency with the development of eNAD/EDM, we hypothesized that the rate of α‐tocopherol, but not γ‐tocopherol or tocotrienol metabolism, would be increased in eNAD/EDM‐affected horses. Animals Vitamin E metabolism: Proof of concept (POC) study; eNAD/EDM‐affected (n = 5) and control (n = 6) horses. Validation study: eNAD/EDM‐affected Quarter Horses (QHs; n = 6), cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy affected (n = 6) horses and control (n = 29) horses. CYP4F2 expression and copy number: eNAD/EDM‐affected (n = 12) and age‐ and sex‐matched control (n = 11‐12) horses. Methods The rates of α‐tocopherol/tocotrienol and γ‐tocopherol/tocotrienol metabolism were assessed in equine serum (POC and validation) and urine (POC only) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR (qRT‐PCR) and droplet digital (dd)‐PCR were used to assay expression and genomic copy number of a CYP4F2 equine ortholog. Results Metabolic rate of α‐tocopherol was increased in eNAD/EDM horses (POC,P < .0001; validation, P = .03), with no difference in the metabolic rate of γ‐tocopherol. Horses with eNAD/EDM had increased expression of the CYP4F2 equine orthologue (P = .02) but no differences in copy number. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Increased α‐tocopherol metabolism in eNAD/EDM‐affected QHs provides novel insight into alterations in vitamin E processing in eNAD/EDM and highlights the need for high‐dose supplementation to prevent the clinical phenotype in genetically susceptible horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Hales
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hadi Habib
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gianna Favro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Scott Katzman
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - R Russell Sakai
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sabin Marquardt
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew H Bordbari
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brittni Ming-Whitfield
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Janel Peterson
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anna R Dahlgren
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Victor Rivas
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carolina Alanis Ramirez
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sichong Peng
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Callum G Donnelly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bobbi-Sue Dizmang
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Angelica Kallenberg
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert Grahn
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Moeller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Luo J, Hashimoto Y, Martens LG, Meulmeester FL, Ashrafi N, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, van Dijk KW, Mills K, le Cessie S, Noordam R, van Heemst D. Associations of metabolomic profiles with circulating vitamin E and urinary vitamin E metabolites in middle-aged individuals. Nutrition 2021; 93:111440. [PMID: 34534944 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol [α-TOH]) is transported in lipoprotein particles in blood, but little is known about the transportation of its oxidized metabolites. In the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study, we aimed to investigate the associations of 147 circulating metabolomic measures obtained through targeted nuclear magnetic resonance with serum α-TOH and its urinary enzymatic (α-CEHC) and oxidized (α-TLHQ) metabolites from 24-h urine quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression analyses, in which multiple testing was taken into account, were performed to assess associations between metabolomic measures (determinants; standardized to mean = 0, SD = 1) and vitamin E metabolites (outcomes), adjusted for demographic factors. We analyzed 474 individuals (55% women, 45% men) with a mean (SD) age of 55.7 (6.0) y. Out of 147 metabolomic measures, 106 were associated (P < 1.34 × 10-3) with serum α-TOH (median β [interquartile range] = 0.416 [0.383-0.466]), predominantly lipoproteins associated with higher α-TOH. The associations of metabolomic measures with urinary α-CEHC have directions similar to those with α-TOH, but effect sizes were smaller and non-significant (median β [interquartile range] = 0.065 [0.047-0.084]). However, associations of metabolomic measures with urinary α-TLHQ were markedly different from those with both serum α-TOH and urinary α-CEHC, with negative and small-to-null relations to most very-low-density lipoproteins and amino acids. Therefore, our results highlight the differences in the lipoproteins involved in the transportation of circulating α-TOH and oxidized vitamin E metabolites. This indicates that circulating α-TOH may be representative of the enzymatic but not the antioxidative function of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Yasufumi Hashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leon G Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur L Meulmeester
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Mills
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Controlled Release of the α-Tocopherol-Derived Metabolite α-13'-Carboxychromanol from Bacterial Nanocellulose Wound Cover Improves Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081939. [PMID: 34443772 PMCID: PMC8398652 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of tissue remodeling during wound healing. The inflammatory response to wounds is tightly controlled and well-coordinated; dysregulation compromises wound healing and causes persistent inflammation. Topical application of natural anti-inflammatory products may improve wound healing, in particular under chronic pathological conditions. The long-chain metabolites of vitamin E (LCM) are bioactive molecules that mediate cellular effects via oxidative stress signaling as well as anti-inflammatory pathways. However, the effect of LCM on wound healing has not been investigated. We administered the α-tocopherol-derived LCMs α-13'-hydroxychromanol (α-13'-OH) and α-13'-carboxychromanol (α-13'-COOH) as well as the natural product garcinoic acid, a δ-tocotrienol derivative, in different pharmaceutical formulations directly to wounds using a splinted wound mouse model to investigate their effects on the wounds' proinflammatory microenvironment and wound healing. Garcinoic acid and, in particular, α-13'-COOH accelerated wound healing and quality of the newly formed tissue. We next loaded bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a valuable nanomaterial used as a wound dressing with high potential for drug delivery, with α-13'-COOH. The controlled release of α-13'-COOH using BNC promoted wound healing and wound closure, mainly when a diabetic condition was induced before the injury. This study highlights the potential of α-13'-COOH combined with BNC as a potential active wound dressing for the advanced therapy of skin injuries.
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47
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Theodosis-Nobelos P, Papagiouvannis G, Rekka EA. A Review on Vitamin E Natural Analogues and on the Design of Synthetic Vitamin E Derivatives as Cytoprotective Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:10-22. [PMID: 32767937 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807132617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E, essential for human health, is widely used worldwide for therapeutic or dietary reasons. The differences in the metabolism and excretion of the multiple vitamin E forms are presented in this review. The important steps that influence the kinetics of each form and the distribution and processing of vitamin E forms by the liver are considered. The antioxidant as well as non-antioxidant properties of vitamin E forms are discussed. Finally, synthetic tocopherol and trolox derivatives, based on the design of multitarget directed compounds, are reviewed. It is demonstrated that selected derivatization of vitamin E or trolox structures can produce improved antioxidants, agents against cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Theodosis-Nobelos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Georgios Papagiouvannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Eleni A Rekka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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48
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Szewczyk K, Chojnacka A, Górnicka M. Tocopherols and Tocotrienols-Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6222. [PMID: 34207571 PMCID: PMC8227182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers' interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Szewczyk
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chojnacka
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górnicka
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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49
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Gok S, Kuzmenko O, Babinskyi A, Severcan F. Vitamin E Derivative with Modified Side Chain Induced Apoptosis by Modulating the Cellular Lipids and Membrane Dynamics in MCF7 Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:271-287. [PMID: 33442824 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin E derivative with side chain modification (TC6OAc) has been shown to possess anticancer activity in our earlier in vivo studies. It was hypothesized that, as Vitamin E (VE) and VE derivative are fat soluble lipophilic molecules, they exert their function by modulating the lipid metabolism and related pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the cellular impact of this VE derivative (2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4'-Methyl-3'-Pentenyl)-6-Acetoxy Chromane-TC6OH), using α-tocopherol as a reference compound throughout the experiments. Their effects on the cellular metabolism, the biophysical properties of cellular lipids and the functional characteristics of cells were monitored in human estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cells. It has been documented that TC6OH treatment induces tumor cell apoptosis by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential, modulating the lipid, transportation and degradation as well as downregulating certain anti-apoptotic and growth factor related proteins. Due to resistance of ER positive cells to the established therapies, the findings of this study are of translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Gok
- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oleksandr Kuzmenko
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Babinskyi
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Feride Severcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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50
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Willems S, Gellrich L, Chaikuad A, Kluge S, Werz O, Heering J, Knapp S, Lorkowski S, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Merk D. Endogenous vitamin E metabolites mediate allosteric PPARγ activation with unprecedented co-regulatory interactions. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1489-1500.e8. [PMID: 33989565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E exhibits pharmacological effects beyond established antioxidant activity suggesting involvement of unidentified mechanisms. Here, we characterize endogenously formed tocopherol carboxylates and the vitamin E mimetic garcinoic acid (GA) as activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Co-stimulation of PPARγ with GA and the orthosteric agonist pioglitazone resulted in additive transcriptional activity. In line with this, the PPARγ-GA complex adopted a fully active conformation and interestingly contained two bound GA molecules with one at an allosteric site. A co-regulator interaction scan demonstrated an unanticipated co-factor recruitment profile for GA-bound PPARγ compared with canonical PPARγ agonists and gene expression analysis revealed different effects of GA and pioglitazone on PPAR signaling in hepatocytes. These observations reveal allosteric mechanisms of PPARγ modulation as an alternative avenue to PPARγ targeting and suggest contributions of PPARγ activation by α-13-tocopherolcarboxylate to the pharmacological effects of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Leonie Gellrich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Chair of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Chair of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
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