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Magnani C, Mensi C, Binazzi A, Marsili D, Grosso F, Ramos-Bonilla JP, Ferrante D, Migliore E, Mirabelli D, Terracini B, Consonni D, Degiovanni D, Lia M, Cely-García MF, Giraldo M, Lysaniuk B, Comba P, Marinaccio A. The Italian Experience in the Development of Mesothelioma Registries: A Pathway for Other Countries to Address the Negative Legacy of Asbestos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20020936. [PMID: 36673690 PMCID: PMC9858856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos (all forms, including chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite) is carcinogenic to humans and causally associated with mesothelioma and cancer of the lung, larynx, and ovary. It is one of the carcinogens most diffuse in the world, in workplaces, but also in the environment and is responsible for a very high global cancer burden. A large number of countries, mostly with high-income economies, has banned the use of asbestos which, however, is still widespread in low- and middle-income countries. It remains, thus, one of the most common occupational and environmental carcinogens worldwide. Italy issued an asbestos ban in 1992, following the dramatic observation of a large increase in mortality from mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases in exposed workers and also in subjects with non-occupational exposure. A mesothelioma registry was also organized and still monitors the occurrence of mesothelioma cases, conducting a case-by-case evaluation of asbestos exposure. In this report, we describe two Italian communities, Casale Monferrato and Broni, that faced an epidemic of mesothelioma resulting from the production of asbestos cement and the diffuse environmental exposure; we present the activity and results of the Italian mesothelioma registry (ReNaM), describe the risk-communication activities at the local and national level with a focus on international cooperation and also describe the interaction between mesothelioma registration and medical services specialized in mesothelioma diagnosis and treatment in an area at high risk of mesothelioma. Finally, we assess the potential application of the solutions and methods already developed in Italy in a city in Colombia with high mesothelioma incidence associated with the production of asbestos-cement materials and the presence of diffuse environmental asbestos pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Magnani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
| | - Carolina Mensi
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marsili
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS (Italian National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Grosso
- Mesothelioma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Regional Operating Center of Piemonte (COR Piemonte), University of Torino and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Torin, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Regional Operating Center of Piemonte (COR Piemonte), University of Torino and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Torin, Italy
| | - Benedetto Terracini
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Regional Operating Center of Piemonte (COR Piemonte), University of Torino and CPO-Piemonte, 10126 Torin, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michela Lia
- Mesothelioma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Margarita Giraldo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | | | - Pietro Comba
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Collegium Ramazzini, Bentivoglio, 40010 Modena, Italy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Nasirzadeh N, Soltanpour Z, Mohammadian Y, Pourhasan B. Lung Cancer and Pleural Mesothelioma Risk Assessment for the General Population Exposed to Asbestos in Different Regions of Tehran, Iran. J Res Health Sci 2022; 22:e00563. [PMID: 37571934 PMCID: PMC10422159 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2022.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos is a natural fiber leading to health risks like chronic lung diseases. The current study aimed to estimate pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer risk for population exposure to asbestos in Tehran, Iran. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS According to the annual report of Air Quality Control Company (AQCC), from 2011-2020, carcinogenic risk and mesothelioma were assessed based on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The relative risk (RR) of mortality cancer was calculated based on Camus and colleagues' model. Moreover, mesothelioma risk was estimated by Bourgault and colleagues' model. RESULTS The mean concentration and health risk of asbestos in ambient air generally reduced from 2011 to 2020. The highest mortality risk for lung cancer was 8.4 per 100000 persons in 2011 and reduced to 1.8 in 2017. For mesothelioma, the corresponding values were 8.96 per 100000 persons in 2011 and reduced to 1.92 in 2017. CONCLUSION The findings of this study could be helpful to health policymakers in the management of asbestos risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Nasirzadeh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltanpour
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammadian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Pourhasan
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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ER Stress Response and Induction of Apoptosis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: The Achilles Heel Targeted by the Anticancer Ruthenium Drug BOLD-100. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174126. [PMID: 36077664 PMCID: PMC9454852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant mesothelioma is a rare cancer arising from the serosal surfaces of the body, mainly from the pleural layer. This cancer, strongly linked to asbestos exposure, shows a very inauspicious prognosis. In fact, there is no efficient therapeutic treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat this form of cancer. Our previous study showed the importance of GRP78 in MPM survival. BOLD-100 is a specific modulator of GRP78 and we have observed that it shows cytotoxicity against MPM cells. In particular, we describe that BOLD-100 increases oxidative stress and deregulates the calcium homeostasis leading to cell stress and, ultimately, to cell death. Our in vitro data strongly suggest that BOLD-100 inhibits the growth of MPM cell lines, proposing the application as a single agent, or in combination with other standard-of-care drugs, to treat MPM. Abstract Malignant mesothelioma is a rare cancer arising from the serosal surfaces of the body, mainly from the pleural layer. This cancer is strongly related to asbestos exposure and shows a very inauspicious prognosis, because there are scarce therapeutic options for this rare disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat this form of cancer. To explore the biology of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), we previously observed that MPM cell lines show high expression of the GRP78 protein, which is a chaperone protein and the master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Based on our previous studies showing the importance of GRP78 in MPM, we observed that BOLD-100, a specific modulator of GRP78 and the UPR, shows cytotoxicity against MPM cells. Our studies demonstrated that BOLD-100 increases ROS production and Ca2+ release from the ER, leading to ER stress activation and, ultimately, to cell death. Our in vitro data strongly suggest that BOLD-100 inhibits the growth of MPM cell lines, proposing the application as a single agent, or in combination with other standard-of-care drugs, to treat MPM.
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Fazzo L, Binazzi A, Ferrante D, Minelli G, Consonni D, Bauleo L, Bruno C, Bugani M, De Santis M, Iavarone I, Magnani C, Romeo E, Zona A, Alessi M, Comba P, Marinaccio A. Burden of Mortality from Asbestos-Related Diseases in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10012. [PMID: 34639316 PMCID: PMC8508095 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos is one of the major worldwide occupational carcinogens. The global burden of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) was estimated around 231,000 cases/year. Italy was one of the main European asbestos producers until the 1992 ban. The WHO recommended national programs, including epidemiological surveillance, to eliminate ARDs. The present paper shows the estimate of the burden of mortality from ARDs in Italy, established for the first time. National standardized rates of mortality from mesothelioma and asbestosis and their temporal trends, based on the National Institute of Statistics database, were computed. Deaths from lung cancer attributable to asbestos exposure were estimated using population-based case-control studies. Asbestos-related lung and ovarian cancer deaths attributable to occupational exposure were estimated, considering the Italian occupational cohort studies. In the 2010-2016 period, 4400 deaths/year attributable to asbestos were estimated: 1515 from mesothelioma, 58 from asbestosis, 2830 from lung and 16 from ovarian cancers. The estimates based on occupational cohorts showed that each year 271 deaths from mesothelioma, 302 from lung cancer and 16 from ovarian cancer were attributable to occupational asbestos exposure in industrial sectors with high asbestos levels. The important health impact of asbestos in Italy, 10-25 years after the ban, was highlighted. These results suggest the need for appropriate interventions in terms of prevention, health care and social security at the local level and could contribute to the global estimate of ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fazzo
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00100 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandra Binazzi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 00100 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Giada Minelli
- Statistical Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00100 Roma, Italy;
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milano, Italy;
| | - Lisa Bauleo
- Department of Epidemiology, Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, 00100 Roma, Italy; (L.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Caterina Bruno
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00100 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Marcella Bugani
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 00100 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Marco De Santis
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00100 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Ivano Iavarone
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00100 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Corrado Magnani
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Elisa Romeo
- Department of Epidemiology, Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, 00100 Roma, Italy; (L.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Amerigo Zona
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00100 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Mariano Alessi
- Department of Prevention, Ministry of Health, 00100 Roma, Italy;
| | - Pietro Comba
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00100 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (M.D.S.); (I.I.); (A.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 00100 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
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