1
|
Wang J, Zhao S, Tong X, Wang M, Wang Y. Work-family conflict among primary health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Its mediating role in the relationship between workload and job burnout. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38284495 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study explores the situation of workload, work-family conflict and job burnout among primary health workers in China in the context of COVID-19 and identifies the mediating effect of work-family conflict between workload and job burnout. BACKGROUND Since the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic, primary health workers have been working on the frontline of the epidemic and may experience increasing workload, work-family conflict and job burnout. It is important to focus on the issue of how to alleviate job burnout of primary health workers. DESIGN A cross-sectional study (STROBE) was used. METHODS Data were collected from 785 primary health workers in China. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the mediating effect of work-family conflict between workload and job burnout. RESULTS 18.7%, 10.4% and 39.5% of respondents had high job burnout in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, respectively. 34.6% of the respondents had high or very high workload, and 12.8% of the respondents had high or very high work-family conflict. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that work-family conflict mediated the relationship between workload and job burnout. Workload (β = .163, CI = .207-.549) and work-family conflict (β = .211, CI = .311-.640) positively influenced job burnout, and workload (β = .428, CI = .375-.508) positively influenced work-family conflict. CONCLUSION The study indicated that primary health workers experienced a high level of job burnout, especially in the personal accomplishment dimension. Furthermore, this study verified the mediating effect of work-family conflict between workload and job burnout. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Some interventions for alleviating workload, work-family conflict and job burnout should be taken, including workplace assistance programmes, family-friendly policies and a well-integrated healthcare system. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study does not involve patient or public contribution in any part. IMPACT STATEMENT Nurses and other primary health workers are health gatekeepers of residents and play a vital role in the healthcare system. Due to the breakout of COVID-19, they have taken more work and are more vulnerable to work overload, work-family conflict and the consequent job burnout. Some interventions should be taken to effectively alleviate their job burnout and improve their health and performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Wang
- School of Public Administration, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- School of Public Administration, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyang Tong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sousa VTDS, Dias HG, de Sousa FP, Oliveira RM, Costa EC, de Vasconcelos PF. Professional burnout and patient safety culture in Primary Health Care. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20220311. [PMID: 37556689 PMCID: PMC10405387 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze the association between the risk of occupational exhaustion (burnout) and safety culture in Primary Health Care. METHODS ross-sectional study conducted in 18 Primary Health Care Units in the Northeast of Brazil. Three questionnaires were used: sociodemographic, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS seventy-eight healthcare workers participated, of which 64.1% presented a reduced risk of burnout; and 11.5%, a high risk (p=0.000). The following were identified as weakened dimensions of safety culture: Work pressure and pace; Owner, managing partners, leadership support; Overall ratings on quality; and Overall rating on patient safety. CONCLUSIONS an association was found between low risk of developing burnout syndrome and positive evaluation of safety culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirlana Girão Dias
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brazileira. Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edmara Chaves Costa
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brazileira. Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Li S, Han D, Wu Y, Zhao J, Liao H, Ma Y, Yan C, Wang J. Association of Job Characteristics and Burnout of Healthcare Workers in Different Positions in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605966. [PMID: 37600525 PMCID: PMC10434533 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Health workers in rural primary care systems are at increased risk of job burnout, but their associations with different positions have received scant attention in the literature. Thus, this study aims to measure job burnout in different positions in rural China and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 15,627 participants from six provinces in China. And job burnout was measured using the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Scale (MBI-GS). Multilevel regression analyses were used in examining factors potentially associated with job burnout in different positions. Results: Overall, more than half of providers suffered from moderate burnout. The degree of job burnout varied among different positions. Middle managers showed higher levels personal stress, while general staff showed the lowest interpersonal and self-evaluation dimensions of burnout. Job duty, job capability, job treatment, and career advancement are potential factors affecting these results. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at providing appropriate training and development opportunities, developing relevant career planning and management strategies, and implementing reasonable staffing and job design may be promising strategies for alleviating burnout in different positions and improving health system performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sangsang Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunyi Wu
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyang Yan
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute for Poverty Reduction and Development, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCammon LC, Gillen P, Kernohan WG. Explaining and addressing the limitations in usefulness of available estimated prevalence figures relating to burnout in family doctors: Evidence from a systematic scoping literature review. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:261-272. [PMID: 36621182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Burnout in family doctors (FDs) affects their well-being, patient care, and healthcare organizations, and is considered common worldwide. However, its measurement has been so inconsistent that whether the widely divergent prevalence figures can be meaningfully interpreted has been questioned. Our aim was to go further than previous systematic reviews to explore the meaning contribution and usefulness of FD-burnout prevalence estimates. Worldwide literature was systematically reviewed using Levac's scoping framework, with 249 papers undergoing full-text review. Of 176 studies measuring burnout, 78% used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which measures burnout as now defined by the World Health Organization. We, therefore, concentrated on the MBI. Its burnout measurement was markedly inconsistent, with prevalence estimates ranging from 2.8% to 85.7%. Researchers made prevalence claims relating to burnout severity and implied diagnoses based on participants' MBI scores, even though the MBI has not been validated as a clinical or diagnostic tool. Except when comparisons were possible between certain studies, prevalence figures provided limited meaning and added little to the understanding of burnout in FDs. Our review revealed a lack of research-supported meaningful information about the prevalence of FD burnout and that care is required to avoid drawing unsubstantiated conclusions from prevalence results. This paper's overall purpose is to propose how obtaining meaningful prevalence estimates can begin, which are recognized as key to developing improved prevention policies and interventions. Researchers must adopt a consistent means to measure burnout, use the MBI as its authors intended, and explore making progress through quantitative and qualitative collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard C McCammon
- Ulster University, School of Nursing and Paramedic Science, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, York Street, Belfast, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT15 1ED, UK.
| | - Patricia Gillen
- Ulster University, School of Nursing and Paramedic Science, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, York Street, Belfast, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT15 1ED, UK; Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Gilford, Co. Armagh, Northern Ireland, BT63 5JX, UK
| | - W George Kernohan
- Ulster University, School of Nursing and Paramedic Science, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, York Street, Belfast, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT15 1ED, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Mahrouqi T, Al-Sinawi H, Al-Ghailani A, Al-Balushi N, Jose S, Al-Alawi M. The role of chronic physical illness and job dissatisfaction on burnout’s risk among medical interns in Oman: a study of prevalence and determinants. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Medical interns are at risk of burnout due to several organizational and individual factors. There is scarcity of studies exploring the role of chronic physical illness and job dissatisfaction on burnout experience among medical interns. This study examined the prevalence of burnout syndrome and explored whether chronic physical illness and job dissatisfaction could independently predict burnout syndrome among medical interns in Oman. This cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of medical interns enrolled in the Omani internship program. One-hundred and eighty interns participated in this study and filled in a self-reported questionnaire that included Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), and data related to physical illness.
Results
The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 15%. Having a physical illness (OR = 7.285, 95% CI = 1.976–26.857, P = 0.003) and job dissatisfaction (OR = 16.488, 95% CI = 5.371–50.614, P = 0.0001) was significant independent predictors of high levels of the EE subscale. In addition, having a physical illness (OR = 4.678, 95% CI = 1.498–14.608, P = 0.008) and being dissatisfied (OR = 2.900, 95% CI = 11.159–7.257, P = 0.023) were significant independent predictors of the high DP subscale. Having physical illness was independent predictors of the low personal accomplishment subscale (OR = 0.258, 95% CI = 0.088–0.759, P = 0.014).
Conclusions
Burnout syndrome is prevalent among medical interns in Oman. Job dissatisfaction and chronic physical illness are risk factors for burnout syndrome. Internship programs should consider these factors when designing burnout mitigative strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Amer SAAM, Elotla SF, Ameen AE, Shah J, Fouad AM. Occupational Burnout and Productivity Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Academic University Staff. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861674. [PMID: 35548070 PMCID: PMC9082414 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout has been endorsed with serious negative health- and work-related outcomes. This study is aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout and its association with work productivity among academic staff. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 240 academic staff working at a public university in Egypt. Participants were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire involving basic personal, health, and work-related characteristics. Besides, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to assess occupational burnout dimensions (i.e., emotional exhaustion "EE," depersonalization "DP," and personal accomplishment "PA"), while work productivity was assessed with the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Results In total, 28% of respondents scored high in EE [95% confidence interval (CI): 22.5-33.8%], 18.3% high in DP (95% CI: 13.8-3.6%), and 88.3% scored low in PA (95% CI: 83.8-91.9%). Seventy percent of respondents scored high in only one burnout dimension, 21.7% scored high in two dimensions, while 7.1% scored high in all three dimensions. Multivariable analysis showed that EE was the only burnout dimension that showed a statistically significant association between absenteeism and presenteeism rates. The absenteeism rates among respondents with moderate and high EE were 2.1 and 3.3 times the rates among those with low EE, respectively. Likewise, the presenteeism rates among respondents with moderate and high EE were 2.4 and 4.7 times the rates among those with low EE, respectively. Conclusions Academic staff showed a high prevalence of at least one burnout dimension. Moderate and high EE scores were significantly associated with increased productivity loss when compared to low EE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A A M Amer
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sally Fawzy Elotla
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abeer Elsayed Ameen
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Adawi S, Alameddine M, Al-Saadoon M, Al Balushi AA, Chan MF, Bou-Karroum K, Al-Kindy H, Al-Harthi SM. The magnitude and effect of work-life imbalance on cognition and affective range among the non-western population: A study from Muscat. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263608. [PMID: 35113951 PMCID: PMC8812942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal relationship between work-life balance/imbalance, occupational burnout, and poor mental health outcomes have been widely explored. Little has been forthcoming on cognitive functioning among those with work-life imbalance. This study aimed to explore the rate of work-life imbalance and the variation in neuropsychological functioning. The relationship between affective ranges (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and work-life balance was also explored. The target population in this study are Omani nationals who were referred for psychometric evaluation. The study employs neuropsychology measures tapping into attention and concentration, learning and remembering, processing speed, and executive functioning. Subjective measures of cognitive decline and affective ranges were also explored. A total of 168 subjects (75.3% of the responders) were considered to be at a work-life imbalance. Multivariate analysis showed that demographic and neuropsychological variables were significant risk factors for work-life imbalance including age and the presence of anxiety disorder. Furthermore, participants indicating work-life imbalance were more likely to report cognitive decline on indices of attention, concentration, learning, and remembering. This study reveals that individuals with work-life imbalance might dent the integrity of cognition including attention and concentration, learning and remembering, executive functioning, and endorsed case-ness for anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Al-Saadoon
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Karen Bou-Karroum
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hamad Al-Kindy
- Compensation Board, Directorate General of Khoula Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Muscat Directorate of General Health Services, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saud M. Al-Harthi
- Muscat Directorate of General Health Services, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al Lawati A, Al Ghafri T, Anwar H, Al Ajmi F, Al Hasani S, Chan MF, Mahadevan S, Al-Adawi S. Depressive symptoms among primary healthcare workers during the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in the Muscat governorate. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2021; 22:e62. [PMID: 34728003 PMCID: PMC8569830 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423621000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the unprecedented spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) are having to shoulder the increasing weight of this ongoing pandemic. AIMS This study explored the rate and covariates of depressive symptoms among PHCWs in the Muscat governorate. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 10 May to 10 June 2020 among PHCWs working in all primary healthcares across the Muscat governorate. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors of having at least one underlying physical health condition, a psychiatric history, family history of psychiatric disorders, and direct involvement with COVID-19 positive patients were sought. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was then used to solicit the presence of depressive symptoms. Those with a cutoff point ≥10 were considered as showing depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in PHCWs after adjusting for all sociodemographic factors. FINDINGS A total of 432 (72%) out of 600 PHCWs with an average age of 39.2 years (SD = 7.8 years) ranging between 25.0 and 75.0 years responded to the survey. There were more females (n = 281, 65.3%) than males, and more than 45% (n = 195) of them were physicians. Additionally, more than 78% (n = 338) had been in contact with COVID-19 patients. There was a significant association between different age groups and profession (P < .001), having at least one underlying physical health condition (P = 0.001) and depressive symptom status (P = 0.038). A total of 78 out of the 423 subjects (18.1%) were considered to have depressive symptoms. After adjusting for all factors, the logistic regression model showed that an age of 34 years or below (OR = 2.079, P = 0.021) and having at least one underlying physical health condition (OR = 2.216, P = 0.007) were factors contributing significantly to depressive symptoms among the PHCWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwaar Al Lawati
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Thamra Al Ghafri
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Huda Anwar
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fatma Al Ajmi
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Said Al Hasani
- Directorate General of Health Services, Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sangeetha Mahadevan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|