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Shi Q, He J, Chen G, Xu J, Zeng Z, Zhao X, Zhao B, Gao X, Ye Z, Xiao M, Li H. The chemical composition of Diwu YangGan capsule and its potential inhibitory roles on hepatocellular carcinoma by microarray-based transcriptomics. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:381-390. [PMID: 39035694 PMCID: PMC11259662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Traditional Chinese Medicine compound preparation known as Diwu Yanggan capsule (DWYG) can effectively hinder the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is recognized worldwide as a significant contributor to fatalities associated with cancer. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms implicated have remained ambiguous. In present study, the model of HCC was set up by the 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. To confirm the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the microarray analysis, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted. In the meantime, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) was employed to characterize the component profile of DWYG. Consequently, the DWYG treatment exhibited the ability to reverse 51 variation genes induced by 2-AAF/PH. Additionally, there was an overlap of 54 variation genes between the normal and model groups. Upon conducting RT-qPCR analysis, it was observed that the expression levels of all genes were increased by 2-AAF/PH and subsequently reversed after DWYG treatment. Notably, the fold change of expression levels for all genes was below 0.5, with 3 genes falling below 0.25. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to determine the signaling pathway that was activated/inhibited in the HCC group and subsequently reversed in the DWYG group. Moreover, the component profile of DWYG encompassed a comprehensive compilation of 206 compounds that were identified or characterized. The findings of this study elucidated the potential alleviative mechanisms of DWYG in the context of HCC, thereby holding significant implications for its future clinical utilization and widespread adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jiangcheng He
- Wuhan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guangya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jinlin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of the Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhihua Ye
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of the Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingzhong Xiao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of the Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hanmin Li
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of the Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Alvarez MDL, Lorenzetti F. Role of eicosanoids in liver repair, regeneration and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114732. [PMID: 34411565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are lipid signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of ω-6 fatty acids, usually arachidonic acid. There are three major pathways, including the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and P450 cytochrome epoxygenase (CYP) pathway. Prostanoids, which include prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (Tx), are formed via the COX pathway, leukotrienes (LT) and lipoxins (LX) by the action of 5-LOX, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by CYP. Although eicosanoids are usually associated with pro-inflammatory responses, non-classic eicosanoids, as LX, have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties. Eicosanoids like PGE2, LTB4 and EETs have been involved in promoting liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. PGE2 and LTB4 have also been reported to participate in the regenerative phase after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), while cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LT) contribute to the inflammatory process associated with I/R and are also involved in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, LX, another product of 5-LOX, have the opposite effect, acting as pro-resolving mediators in these pathologies. In liver cancer, most studies show that eicosanoids, with the exception of LX, promote the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and favor metastasis. This review summarizes the synthesis of different eicosanoids in the liver and discusses key findings from basic research linking eicosanoids to liver repair, regeneration and cancer and the impact of targeting eicosanoid cascade. In addition, studies in patients are presented that explore the potential use of eicosanoids as biomarkers and show correlations between eicosanoid production and the course and prognosis of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Luján Alvarez
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS) Sede Regional Rosario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Av. Pellegrini 1618 (S2000BUG), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Lorenzetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina
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Zhou BG, Zhao HM, Lu XY, Zhou W, Liu FC, Liu XK, Liu DY. Effect of Puerarin Regulated mTOR Signaling Pathway in Experimental Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1165. [PMID: 30405406 PMCID: PMC6206176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that excessive hepatocellular apoptosis is a typical characteristic of hepatic disease, and is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. As the main active component of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) roots, which is frequently used to treat hepatic diseases, Puerarin (Pue) has been reported to alleviate and protect against hepatic injury. However, it is unclear whether Pue can inhibit mTOR signaling to prevent excessive apoptosis in the treatment of hepatic diseases. In the present study, Pue effectively ameliorated pathological injury of the liver, decreased serum enzyme (ALT, AST, γ-GT, AKP, DBIL, and TBIL) levels, regulated the balance between pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), restored the cell cycle and inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in rats with liver injury induced by 2-AAF/PH. Pue inhibited p-mTOR, p-AKT and Raptor activity, and increased Rictor expression in the liver tissues of rats with experimental liver injury. These results indicated that Pue effectively regulated the activation of mTOR signaling pathway in the therapeutic and prophylactic process of Pue on experimental liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Gao Zhou
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Lu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fu-Chun Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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Erzhi Pill® Repairs Experimental Liver Injury via TSC/mTOR Signaling Pathway Inhibiting Excessive Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 28638431 PMCID: PMC5468563 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5653643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of hepatoprotective effect of Erzhi Pill (EZP) on the liver injury via observing TSC/mTOR signaling pathway activation. The experimental liver injury was induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) treatment combined with partial hepatectomy (PH). EZP treated 2-AAF/PH-induced liver injury by the therapeutic and prophylactic administration. After the administration of EZP, the activities of aspartic transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were decreased, followed by the decreased levels of hepatocyte apoptosis and caspase-3 expression. However, the secretion of albumin, liver weight, and index of liver weight were elevated. Microscopic examination showed that EZP restored pathological liver injury. Meanwhile, Rheb and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation were suppressed, and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) expression was elevated in liver tissues induced by 2-AAF/PHx and accompanied with lower-expression of Bax, Notch1, p70S6K, and 4E-EIF and upregulated levels of Bcl-2 and Cyclin D. Hepatoprotective effect of EZP was possibly realized via inhibiting TSC/mTOR signaling pathway to suppress excessive apoptosis of hepatocyte.
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Brain isoform glycogen phosphorylase as a novel hepatic progenitor cell marker. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122528. [PMID: 25826279 PMCID: PMC4380311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate liver-specific progenitor cell marker is a stepping stone in liver regenerative medicine. Here, we report brain isoform glycogen phosphorylase (GPBB) as a novel liver progenitor cell marker. GPBB was identified in a protein complex precipitated by a monoclonal antibody Ligab generated from a rat liver progenitor cell line Lig-8. Immunoblotting results show that GPBB was expressed in two liver progenitor cell lines Lig-8 and WB-F344. The levels of GPBB expression decreased in the WB-F344 cells under sodium butyrate (SB)-induced cell differentiation, consistent with roles of GPBB as a liver progenitor cell marker. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated GPBB knockdown followed by glucose deprivation test shows that GPBB aids in liver progenitor cell survival under low glucose conditions. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated GPBB knockdown followed by SB-induced cell differentiation shows that reducing GPBB expression delayed liver progenitor cell differentiation. We conclude that GPBB is a novel liver progenitor cell marker, which facilitates liver progenitor cell survival under low glucose conditions and cell differentiation.
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