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Huang Q, Hu L, Chen H, Yang B, Sun X, Wang M. A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 2 in Tumor Immunology. J Med Chem 2025; 68:3995-4021. [PMID: 39936476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
PTPN2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2) is an important member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. It plays a crucial role in dephosphorylating tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and modulating critical signaling pathways associated with T-cell receptors, IL-2, IFNγ, and various cytokines. In recent years, the PTPN2's biological role has been clarified, particularly since its association with tumor immunology was gradually revealed in 2017, making it a star target for cancer immunotherapy. The dual inhibitor AC484, which targets both PTPN2 and PTP1B, is currently undergoing phase I clinical trials. This advancement has attracted great interest from researchers to develop new drugs based on its unique structure. This review outlines the structural modification processes of PTPN2-targeted agents, focusing primarily on inhibitors and degraders. Finally, this review endeavors to provide a comprehensive perspective on the evolving field of PTPN2-targeted drug discovery for tumor immunotherapy, offering valuable insights for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linghao Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Bingjie Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Thompson EM, Stoker AW. A Review of DUSP26: Structure, Regulation and Relevance in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020776. [PMID: 33466673 PMCID: PMC7828806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) play a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular signalling pathways, which in turn influence a broad range of physiological processes. DUSP malfunction is increasingly observed in a broad range of human diseases due to deregulation of key pathways, most notably the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascades. Dual specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) is an atypical DUSP with a range of physiological substrates including the MAPKs. The residues that govern DUSP26 substrate specificity are yet to be determined; however, recent evidence suggests that interactions with a binding partner may be required for DUSP26 catalytic activity. DUSP26 is heavily implicated in cancer where, akin to other DUSPs, it displays both tumour-suppressive and -promoting properties, depending on the context. Here we review DUSP26 by evaluating its transcriptional patterns, protein crystallographic structure and substrate binding, as well as its physiological role(s) and binding partners, its role in human disease and the development of DUSP26 inhibitors.
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