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Vásquez-Carrasco E, Huenchuquen C, Ferrón C, Hernandez-Martinez J, Landim SF, Helbig F, Carmine F, Valdés-Badilla P, Sandoval C, Gómez CS, Moruno-Miralles P. Effectiveness of Leisure-Focused Occupational Therapy Interventions in Middle-Aged and Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:2521. [PMID: 39765948 PMCID: PMC11675708 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12242521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize scientific evidence on occupational therapy (OT) interventions focused on leisure activities to improve activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the guidelines established by the PRISMA statement. The study was registered in the PROSPERO database. Four databases were used for the literature search process (Scopus, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect), and selected results were assessed using standard tools for risk of bias and certainty of evidence with GRADEpro. Results: Of 169 records identified in the databases, 7 studies with a total of 620 middle-aged and older people (44.9% female) with a mean age of 77.5 years were analyzed using the PICOS format. The meta-analysis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) revealed no significant improvements in cognitive function (p > 0.05). Individual studies reported varied results on ADL among people with MCI, with some demonstrating significant improvements following leisure interventions, while others found no notable differences between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: OT interventions did not significantly improve MMSE of the overall cognitive function and ADL performance in middle-aged and older people with MCI. Therefore, further studies detailing the dosage of interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Vásquez-Carrasco
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile; (E.V.-C.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (S.F.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Camila Huenchuquen
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile; (E.V.-C.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (S.F.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Catalina Ferrón
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile; (E.V.-C.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (S.F.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Jordan Hernandez-Martinez
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile;
- G-IDyAF Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
| | - Síbila Floriano Landim
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile; (E.V.-C.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (S.F.L.); (F.H.)
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University (UniCesumar), Maringá 87050-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Helbig
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile; (E.V.-C.); (C.H.); (C.F.); (S.F.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Florencia Carmine
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile;
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Celia Sánchez Gómez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Moruno-Miralles
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Toledo, Spain;
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Smallfield S, Metzger L, Green M, Henley L, Rhodus EK. Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults Living With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Neurocognitive Disorders. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801397010. [PMID: 38306186 PMCID: PMC10985123 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.078101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There are currently 55 million adults living with declining functional cognition-altered perception, thoughts, mood, or behavior-as the result of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). These changes affect functional performance and meaningful engagement in occupations. Given the growth in demand for services, occupational therapy practitioners benefit from consolidated evidence of effective interventions to support adults living with AD and related NCDs and their care partners. OBJECTIVE These Practice Guidelines outline effective occupational therapy interventions for adults living with AD and related NCDs and interventions to support their care partners. METHOD We synthesized the clinical recommendations from a review of recent systematic reviews. RESULTS Twelve systematic reviews published between 2018 and 2021 served as the foundation for the practice recommendations. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Reminiscence, exercise, nonpharmacological behavioral interventions, cognitive therapy, sensory interventions, and care partner education and training were found to be most effective to support adults living with AD and related NCDs. Plain-Language Summary: These Practice Guidelines provide strong and moderate evidence for occupational therapy practitioners to support adults living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) and their care partners. They provide specific guidance for addressing the decline in cognition, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and pain experience of adults living with AD and related NCDs. The guidelines also describe interventions to support care partners. With support from the evidence, occupational therapy practitioners are better equipped to address the unique needs of adults living with AD and related NCDs and their care partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Smallfield
- Stacy Smallfield, DrOT, OTR/L, BCG, FAOTA, is Associate Program Director, Doctoral Capstone Coordinator, and Associate Professor in Occupational Therapy Program, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Lizabeth Metzger
- Lizabeth Metzger, MSOT, OTD, OTR/L, is Registry Occupational Therapist, InHome Therapy, Chicago, IL
| | - Melissa Green
- Melissa Green, OT, OTD, OTR, is Assistant Professor, Occupational Therapy Department, Bay Path University, Longmeadow, MA
| | - Laura Henley
- Laura Henley, MS, OTR/L, CDP, is Rehabilitation Program Manager, HealthPRO Heritage, Louisville, KY
| | - Elizabeth K Rhodus
- Elizabeth K. Rhodus, PhD, MS, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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