Comparing the roles of community-living persons and patient populations

A study of measuring participation according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health with the Revised Role Checklist

OBJECTIVE:

To empirically test the hypothesis that the 10 roles on the Revised Role Checklist are represented in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health participation areas.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional survey.

SUBJECTS:

Investigators from Japan, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States recruited a total of 295 adults from the general population. There were 103 (34.9%) male and 191 (64.7%) female participants with one participant not indicating gender. The age distribution of participants was from <25 ( n = 68) to 75+ with a mode of 25-34 years.

MAIN MEASURE:

The Revised Role Checklist Part 1 was used to assess perceived incumbency in 10 roles. In addition, subjects were asked to provide role examples.

RESULTS:

Of the 7087 examples provided by participants, 6578 (92.8%) fit the original hypothesis that the roles in the Revised Role Checklist were covered in participation areas. Fit was determined when the role example was either named in the associated International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health participation area or when the criteria of: "does this example conceivably fit in the respective area as 'a person's involvement in life situations' fit relative to each role." Slight modification of the scope of three roles of the original hypothesis resulted in a 97.6% match.

CONCLUSION:

The roles in the Revised Role Checklist are well represented in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories of participation.

Role Participation: A Comparison across Age Groups in a Norwegian General Population Sample

Background

Life events, illness, and disability may alter a person's role participation, in which case occupational therapy may be an appropriate intervention. However, role participation data derived from the general population, which is required for meaningful comparison, is largely missing. This study is aimed at describing past, present, and anticipated role participation in a general population sample from Norway and at examining differences in current role participation between age groups.

Methods

In 2015, a sample of 140 persons (age range 19-94 years, 65% females) from the Norwegian general population completed the Role Checklist at one occasion. The data were analyzed descriptively and with chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance.

Results

The most frequent role was a home maintainer (93.6%), and the least frequent was a religious participant (7.1%). Participants aged 65 years and above had fewer roles compared with their younger counterparts and had to a larger extent experienced role loss over the course of their lives.

Conclusions

Role continuity was the most prevalent role pattern in the total sample, whereas role loss appeared to be the most prevalent role pattern among those in the oldest age group. Rehabilitation services in general and participation-focused occupational therapy in particular may profit from assessing role participation in clients and potentially target roles through intervention.

Perceived and Valued Roles of Adults with Severe Mental Health Problems

The purpose of this article is to convey the findings of two studies related to the perception of past, present and future roles, the value attributed to these roles as well as the role patterns. Both studies were conducted with adults who have schizophrenia and are involved in a rehabilitation or work program. Data were collected from two sources: 1) secondary analysis of a study related to the methodology for validating the French translation (Hachey, Jumoorty, & Mercier, 1995) of the “Role Checklist”, (Barris, Oakley, & Kielhofner, 1988) and 2) a research project on the perception of roles and quality of life. Results showed that the dominant roles assumed by participants regardless of time were family member, friend, home maintainer and hobbyist. The most valued roles were those of friend, worker, and family member. The discussion will address the questions asked and elucidate the role patterns. The conclusion underlines the importance, for occupational therapists and health professionals, of including roles in the daily lives of their clients, taking into consideration the ones they value most highly.

The Role Checklist V2: QP: Establishment of Reliability and Validation of Electronic Administration

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to establish reliability of the Role Checklist Version 2: Quality of Performance (Role Checklist V2: QP) and verify the internal consistency between paper and electronic administration. This revised Role Checklist includes a Part 3, which prompts clients to rank the quality of their current performance in occupational roles, thus adding an ‘insider view’, to complete the picture of clients' occupational role participation.

Method:

One hundred participants completed the Role Checklist V2: QP by paper and electronic means in a test—retest design.

Findings:

Estimates of kappa, weighted kappa, and Cronbach's alpha were used to measure the reliability of the Role Checklist V2: QP. For Part 1, kappa values for individual roles ranged from 0.53 to 0.95. Cronbach's alpha values representing percent agreement for Parts 2 and 3 showed a significant level of agreement between paper and electronic administrations. Values for Part 2 and 3 showed almost perfect agreement of 0.88 to 1.0.

Conclusion:

Kappa and Cronbach's alpha values indicate the Role Checklist V2: QP is a reliable instrument and can be administered confidently via either electronic means or paper and pencil to gather information about clients' role incumbency, role value, and satisfaction with role performance.

People Under 50 With Acquired Brain Injury Living in Residential Aged Care

Objectives:The aim of this article is to describe the characteristics, needs and preferences of people under 50 with an acquired brain injury (ABI) living in residential aged care in Victoria and examine implications for service development.Participants:Sixty-one people under 50 with an ABI living in residential aged care in the state of Victoria.Measures:Care and Needs Scale, Community Integration Questionnaire, Overt Behaviour Scale, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale — ABI Version, Role Checklist, Resident Choice Scale.Results:The younger people with ABI in this study were a diverse group with a complex range of health and support needs that were not being adequately met within residential aged care. Many people (44%) required the highest level of support, indicating they could not be left alone while 26% could be left for part of the day and overnight. Most people (81%) and their support networks indicated they would like to explore moving out from residential aged care into community accommodation settings.Conclusions:This article provides clear direction for the development of services to meet the care needs of this group, to enable them to participate in the life of the community and to pursue a lifestyle of choice.

Participation in Valued Roles Post-Liver Transplant

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to identify the participation patterns of liver transplant (LT) recipients in valued roles following LT and the relationship of these to quality of life.

Design:

This was a cross-sectional study of health-related quality of life and role participation in 161 LT recipients, conducted between 27 August 2008 and 1 December 2008. The participants were a mean of 5.25, ±2.5, years post-LT, 75% male, and had a mean age of 59 years, range 37–77 years.

Main outcome measures:

These were the Role Checklist and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases — Quality of Life instrument.

Results:

Analysis revealed that LT recipients showed a wide disparity in the number of roles currently occupied, range 1–10, mean = 4.9 and SD = 1.8, and normal distribution. There was a significant relationship (p<0.001) between participation in a greater number of valued roles and all five quality of life scales.

Conclusion:

People who are participating in a smaller number of valued roles have lower levels of life satisfaction. The problem is believed to be related to difficulties in forming new habits. Habit training and monitoring of role return to determine when intervention is needed are required to enable all LT recipients to return to the highest quality of life possible.

Describing the phenomenon of homelessness through the theory of occupational adaptation

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to illustrate the value of the theory of Occupational Adaptation (Schkade & Schultz, 1992; Schultz & Schkade, 1992) in describing the phenomenon of homelessness. Case studies portray the experience of four individuals residing in a homeless shelter. Utilizing Occupational Adaptation to guide the assessment and intervention process, the results suggest that this theory may be useful in describing the individuals' internal adaptation process necessary to live independent and productive lives.