Mlak R, Homa-Mlak I, Powrózek T, Mackiewicz B, Michnar M, Krawczyk P, Dziedzic M, Rubinsztajn R, Chazan R, Milanowski J, Małecka-Massalska T. Impact of I/D polymorphism of ACE gene on risk of development and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Arch Med Sci 2016;
12:279-87. [PMID:
27186170 PMCID:
PMC4848351 DOI:
10.5114/aoms.2015.50757]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 10% of the world's population over 40 years of age. The main exogenous risk factor is cigarette smoking; however, only 20% of smokers develop COPD, indicating that some other factors, e.g. genetic, may play an important role in the disease pathogenesis. Recent research indicates that ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) may be a susceptibility gene for asthma or COPD. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism of the ACE gene (AluYa5, rs4646994) on the risk and course of COPD.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We investigated ACE I/D polymorphism in 206 COPD and 165 healthy Caucasian subjects.
RESULTS
In the generalized linear model (GLZ) analysis of the influence of selected factors on presence of COPD we found a significant independent effect for male sex (repeatedly increases the risk of COPD, OR = 7.7, p = 0.049), as well as smoking or lower body mass index, but only in combination with older age (OR = 0.96, p = 0.003 and OR = 1.005, p = 0.04 respectively). Interestingly, analysis of factors which may influence the risk of a higher number of exacerbations demonstrated that occurrence of DD genotype, but only in men, is associated with a lower risk (OR = 0.7, p = 0.03) of this complication.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that ACE may not be a susceptibility gene for the origin of COPD but a disease-modifying gene. Since the impact of I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene on COPD risk is moderate or negligible, other molecular changes, that will help predict the development of this disease, should still be sought.
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