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Sun C, Wang Z, Tan Y, Li L, Zhou F, Hu SA, Yan QW, Li LH, Pei G. Mechanism of Mulberry Leaves and Black Sesame in Alleviating Slow Transit Constipation Revealed by Multi-Omics Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:1713. [PMID: 38675536 PMCID: PMC11051911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses the potential of providing good curative effects with no side effects for the effective management of slow transit constipation (STC), an intestinal disease characterized by colonic dyskinesia. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) and black sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), referred to as SH, are processed and conditioned as per standardized protocols. SH has applications as food and medicine. Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic potential of SH in alleviating STC. The analysis of SH composition identified a total of 504 compounds. The intervention with SH significantly improved intestinal motility, reduced the time for the first black stool, increased antioxidant activity, and enhanced water content, thereby effectively alleviating colon damage caused by STC. Transcriptome analysis revealed the SH in the treatment of STC related to SOD1, MUC2, and AQP1. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated notable differences in the abundance of 10 bacteria between the SH and model. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that SH supplementation increased the levels of nine metabolites associated with STC. Integrative analysis revealed that SH modulated amino acid metabolism, balanced intestinal flora, and targeted key genes (i.e., SOD1, MUC2, AQP1) to exert its effects. SH also inhibited the AQP1 expression and promoted SOD1 and MUC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China;
| | - Zheng Wang
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China;
| | - Yang Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Chinese Medicinal Powder & Innovative Medicinal Jointly Established by Province and Ministry, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shi-An Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qin-Wen Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lin-Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Gang Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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Abozaid ER, Abdel-Kareem RH, Habib MA. A novel beneficial role of humanin on intestinal apoptosis and dysmotility in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion injury. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:655-666. [PMID: 37020079 PMCID: PMC10105677 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
A prevalent clinical problem including sepsis, shock, necrotizing enterocolitis, and mesenteric thrombosis is intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Humanin (HN), a recently identified mitochondrial polypeptide, exhibits antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties. This work aimed to study the role of HN in a model of experimental intestinal I/R injury and its effect on associated dysmotility. A total of 36 male adult albino rats were allocated into 3 equal groups. Sham group: merely a laparotomy was done. I/R group: for 1 h, clamping of the superior mesenteric artery was done, and then reperfusion was allowed for 2 h later. HN-I/R group: rats underwent ischemia and reperfusion, and 30 min before the reperfusion, they received an intraperitoneal injection of 252 μg/kg of HN. Small intestinal motility was evaluated, and jejunal samples were got for biochemical and histological analysis. I/R group showed elevation of intestinal NO, MDA, TNF- α, and IL-6 and decline of GPx and SOD levels. Furthermore, histologically, there were destructed jejunal villi especially their tips and increased tissue expression of caspase-3 and i-NOS, in addition to reduced small intestinal motility. Compared to I/R group, HN-I/R group exhibited decrease intestinal levels of NO, MDA, TNF- α, and IL-6 and increase GPx and SOD. Moreover, there was noticeable improvement of the histopathologic features and decreased caspase-3 and iNOS immunoreactivity, beside enhanced small intestinal motility. HN alleviates inflammation, apoptosis, and intestinal dysmotility encouraged by I/R. Additionally, I/R-induced apoptosis and motility alterations depend partly on the production of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman R Abozaid
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, 44519, Egypt
| | - Reham H Abdel-Kareem
- Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Habib
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Alsharquiah, 44519, Egypt
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Sesamin Protects against and Ameliorates Rat Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury with Involvement of Activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5147069. [PMID: 34630849 PMCID: PMC8494576 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5147069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) may induce cell/tissue injuries, leading to multiple organ failure. Based on our preexperiments, we proposed that sesamin could protect against and ameliorate intestinal I/R injuries and related disorders with involvement of activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. This proposal was evaluated using SD intestinal I/R injury rats in vivo and hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) injured rat small intestinal crypt epithelial cell line (IEC-6 cells) in vitro. Sesamin significantly alleviated I/R-induced intestinal histopathological injuries and significantly reduced serum biochemical indicators ALT and AST, alleviating I/R-induced intestinal injury in rats. Sesamin also significantly reversed I/R-increased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MPO activity in serum and MDA in tissues and I/R-decreased GSH in tissues and SOD in both tissues and IEC-6 cells, indicating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects. Further, sesamin significantly decreased TUNEL-positive cells, downregulated the increased Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, upregulated the decreased protein expression of Bcl-2 in I/R-injured intestinal tissues, and significantly reversed H/R-reduced IEC-6 cell viability as well as reduced the number of apoptotic cells among H/R-injured IEC-6 cell, showing antiapoptotic effects. Activation of Nrf2 is known to ameliorate tissue/cell injuries. Consistent with sesamin-induced ameliorations of both intestinal I/R injuries and H/R injuries, transfection of Nrf2 cDNA significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, respectively. On the contrary, either Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) or Nrf2 siRNA transfection significantly decreased the expression of these proteins. Our results suggest that activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway is involved in sesamin-induced anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects in protection against and amelioration of intestinal I/R injuries.
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Le TD, Inoue YH. Sesamin Activates Nrf2/Cnc-Dependent Transcription in the Absence of Oxidative Stress in Drosophila Adult Brains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060924. [PMID: 34200419 PMCID: PMC8227698 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesamin, a major lignin in sesame seeds, possesses health-promoting properties. Sesamin feeding suppresses several aging-related phenotypes such as age-dependent accumulation of damaged proteins in the muscles and neuronal loss in the brains of Drosophila adults with high levels of reactive oxygen species. Sesamin promotes the transcription of several genes that are responsible for oxidative stress, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that sesamin mediates its action through activation of a transcription factor, Nrf2 (Cnc in Drosophila), essential for anti-aging oxidative stress response. Nrf2/Cnc activation was determined using the antioxidant response element, Green Fluorescence Protein reporter, that can monitor Nrf2/Cnc-dependent transcription. We observed strong fluorescence in the entire bodies, particularly in the abdomens and brains, of adult flies fed sesamin. Interestingly, Nrf2/Cnc was strongly activated in neuronal cells, especially in several neuron types, including glutamatergic and cholinergic, and some dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurons but not in GABAergic neurons or the mushroom bodies of flies fed sesamin. These results indicate that the anti-aging effects of sesamin are exerted via activation of Nrf2/Cnc-dependent transcription to circumvent oxidative stress accumulation in several types of neurons of adult brains. Sesamin could be explored as a potential dietary supplement for preventing neurodegeneration associated with accumulation of oxidative stress.
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Intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury: Recommended rats model and comprehensive review for protective strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111482. [PMID: 33740527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality in the clinic. IIRI was induced by intestinal ischemic diseases such as, small bowel transplantation, aortic aneurysm surgery, and strangulated hernias. Although related mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, during the last decade, researches have demonstrated that many factors are crucial in the pathological process, including oxidative stress (OS), epithelial barrier function disorder, and so on. Rats model, as the most applied animal IIRI model, provides specific targets for researches and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, various treatment strategies such as, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation, have shown promising effects in alleviating IIRI. However, current researches cannot solve the clinical problems of IIRI, and specific treatment strategies are still needed to be exploited. This review focuses on a recommended experimental IIRI rat model and understanding of the involved mechanisms such as, OS, gut bacteria translocation, apoptosis, and necroptosis, aim at providing novel ideas for therapeutic strategies of IIRI.
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El-Malkey NF, Alsemeh AE, Ashour WM, Hassan NH, Edrees HM. Fetuin-A exerts a protective effect against experimentally induced intestinal ischemia/reperfusion by suppressing autophagic cell death. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1307-1317. [PMID: 33653159 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221995207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tissue is highly susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion injury in many hazardous health conditions. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant glycoprotein fetuin-A showed efficacy in cerebral ischemic injury; however, its protective role against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the protective role of fetuin-A supplementation against intestinal structural changes and dysfunction in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. We equally divided 72 male rats into control, sham, ischemia/reperfusion, and fetuin-A-pretreated ischemia/reperfusion (100 mg/kg/day fetuin-A intraperitoneally for three days prior to surgery and a third dose 1 h prior to the experiment) groups. After 2 h of reperfusion, the jejunum was dissected and examined for spontaneous contractility. A jejunal homogenate was used to assess inflammatory and oxidative stress enzymes. Staining of histological sections was carried out with hematoxylin, eosin and Masson's trichrome stain for evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect autophagy proteins beclin-1, LC3, and p62. This study found that fetuin-A significantly improved ischemia/reperfusion-induced mucosal injury by reducing the percentage of areas of collagen deposition, increasing the amplitude of spontaneous contraction, decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress, and upregulating p62 expression, which was accompanied by beclin-1 and LC3 downregulation. Our findings suggest that fetuin-A treatment can prevent ischemia/reperfusion-induced jejunal structural and functional changes by increasing antioxidant activity and regulating autophagy disturbances observed in the ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Furthermore, fetuin-A may provide a protective influence against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanees F El-Malkey
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Wesam Mr Ashour
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Nancy H Hassan
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Husam M Edrees
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharqia 44519, Egypt.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah 51941, Saudi Arabia
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Sampaio de Holanda G, Dos Santos Valença S, Maran Carra A, Lopes Lichtenberger RC, Franco OB, Ribeiro BE, Bittencourt Rosas SL, Santana PT, Lima Castelo-Branco MT, Pereira de Souza HS, Schanaider A. Sulforaphane and Albumin Attenuate Experimental Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Surg Res 2021; 262:212-223. [PMID: 33610056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury constitutes a severe disorder, in great part resulting from oxidative stress. Because sulforaphane and albumin were shown to increase antioxidant defenses, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of these agents in an experimental model of I/R injury. METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish a model of intestinal I/R (35 min of ischemia, followed by 45 min of reperfusion) and were treated with albumin (5 mL/kg), sulforaphane (500 μg/kg), or saline intravenously before reperfusion. Animals that were not subjected to I/R served as the sham (laparotomy only) and control groups. Blood samples were analyzed for arterial gas, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species using different molecular fluorescent probes. After euthanasia, ileal samples were collected for analysis, including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays, and lactic dehydrogenase measurement. RESULTS Oxygenation status and hemodynamic parameters were uniform during the experiment. The sulforaphane- or albumin-treated groups showed reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.04), nitric oxide (P < 0.001), and peroxynitrite (P = 0.001), compared with I/R injury untreated animals. Treatment with sulforaphane or albumin resulted in the preservation of goblet cells (P < 0.03), reductions in histopathologic scores (P < 0.01), macrophage density (P < 0.01), iNOS expression (P < 0.004), NF-kappa B activation (P < 0.05), and apoptotic rates (P < 0.04) in the mucosa and a reduction in the concentration of lactic dehydrogenase (P < 0.04), more pronounced with sulforaphane. CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of intestinal I/R injury in this model probably reflects the antioxidative effects of systemic administration of both sulforaphane and albumin and reinforces their use in future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sampaio de Holanda
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro de Cirurgia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amabile Maran Carra
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Olavo Borges Franco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Elias Ribeiro
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Teixeira Santana
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto Schanaider
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro de Cirurgia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dalibalta S, Majdalawieh AF, Manjikian H. Health benefits of sesamin on cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1276-1289. [PMID: 33132721 PMCID: PMC7584802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesamin, a major lignin isolated from sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds and sesame oil, is known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have revealed that oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This comprehensive review summarizes the evidence on the effects of sesamin on CVD and its risk factors, principally due to its antioxidant properties. Specifically, this review highlights the mechanisms underlying the anti-hypertensive, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity, lipolytic effects of sesamin both in vivo and in vitro, and identifies the signaling pathways targeted by sesamin and its metabolites. The data indicates that RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, p38, p53, IL-6, TNFα, and NF-κB signaling networks are all involved in moderating the various effects of sesamin on CVD and its risk factors. In conclusion, the experimental evidence suggesting that sesamin can reduce CVD risk is convincing. Thus, sesamin can be potentially useful as an adjuvant therapeutic agent to combat CVD and its multitude of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dalibalta
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin F. Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herak Manjikian
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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