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Ismail TR, Yap CG, Naidu R, Shri L, Pamidi N. Environmental enrichment and the combined interventions of EE and metformin enhance hippocampal neuron survival and hippocampal-dependent memory in type 2 diabetic rats under stress through the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116729. [PMID: 38776676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with depression causes severe cognitive impairments. The devastating conditions will further compromise the overall quality of life. The overconsumption of high-fat and high-sucrose (HFS) diet is one of the modifiable risk factors for T2D, depression, and cognitive impairments. Thus, it is essential to identify effective therapeutic strategies to overcome the cognitive impairments in T2D with depression. We proposed environmental enrichment (EE) which encompasses social, cognitive, and physical components as the alternative treatment for such impairments. We also investigated the potential neuroprotective properties of the antidiabetic drug metformin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EE and metformin interventions on hippocampal neuronal death, and hippocampal-dependent memory impairment in T2D rats under stress. METHODS Thirty-two male rats (200-250 g) were divided into four groups: C group (standard diet + conventional cage), DS group [HFS-induced T2D + restraint stress (RS)], DSE group [HFS-induced T2D + RS + EE] and DSEM group [HFS + RS + EE + metformin]. Serum corticosterone (CORT) was measured to evaluate stress levels. The serum Free Oxygen Radicals Testing (FORT) and Free Oxygen Radicals Defence Test (FORD) were measured to evaluate the systemic oxidative status (OS). Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and T-maze tasks were performed to evaluate cognitive functions. Rats were humanely sacrificed to collect brains for histological, morphometric, and hippocampal gene expression studies. RESULTS The CORT and the serum FORT levels in the DSE and DSEM groups were lower than in the DS group. Meanwhile, the serum BDNF, T-maze scores, histological, and morphometric analysis were improved in the DSE and DSEM groups than in the DS group. These findings supported that EE and the combined interventions of EE and metformin had neuroprotective properties. The hippocampal gene expression analysis revealed that the DSE and DSEM groups showed improved regulation of BDNF-TrkB signalling pathways, including the BDNF/TrkB binding, PI3K - Akt pathway, Ras-MAPK pathway, PLCγ-Ca2+ pathway, and CREB transcription. CONCLUSION EE and the combined interventions of EE and metformin improved hippocampal neuron survival and hippocampal-dependent memory in T2D rats under stress by enhancing gene expression regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh Rasyidah Ismail
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; Clinical Laboratory Science Section, Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43000, Malaysia
| | - Christina Gertrude Yap
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Lugganya Shri
- Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Batu 3 1/2, Jalan, Bukit Air Nasi, Bedong, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Narendra Pamidi
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao T, Li M, Wang Y, Cao J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cheng G. Protective Effect of Que Zui Tea on d-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage in Mice via Regulating SIRT1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:1384. [PMID: 38543018 PMCID: PMC10975416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Que Zui tea (QT) is an important herbal tea in the diet of the 'Yi' people, an ethnic group in China, and it has shown significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects in vitro. This study aims to explore the protective effects of the aqueous-ethanol extract (QE) taken from QT against ᴅ-galactose (ᴅ-gal)-induced oxidative stress damage in mice and its potential mechanisms. QE was identified as UHPLC-HRMS/MS for its chemical composition and possible bioactive substances. Thus, QE is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Twelve compounds were identified, the main components of which were chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, and 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin. Histopathological and biochemical analysis revealed that QE significantly alleviated brain, liver, and kidney damage in ᴅ-gal-treated mice. Moreover, QE remarkably attenuated oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of antioxidant indexes, including GSH, GSH-Px, CAT, SOD, and T-AOC. In addition, QE administration could inhibit the IL-1β and IL-6 levels, which suppress the inflammatory response. QE could noticeably alleviate apoptosis by inhibiting the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax proteins in the brains, livers, and kidneys of mice. The anti-apoptosis mechanism may be related to the upregulation of the SIRT1 protein and the downregulation of the p53 protein induced by QE in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues of mice. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the main components of QE, 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, and robustaside A, had good binding ability with Nrf2 and SIRT1 proteins. The present study indicated that QE could alleviate ᴅ-gal-induced brain, liver and kidney damage in mice by inhibiting the oxidative stress and cell apoptosis; additionally, the potential mechanism may be associated with the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yongpeng Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
| | - Tianrui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
| | - Mengcheng Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yudan Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China (Y.L.)
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Khan S, Hasan N, Khan S, Akhtar M, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. Exploring effects of Simvastatin on coagulation mediators to alleviate the advancement of high cholesterol diet triggered neurodegeneration. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023:e23342. [PMID: 36992618 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of our study were to investigate the possible effect of Simvastatin in ameliorating high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced neurodegeneration and to also investigate its possible action on coagulation mediators. In silico and in vitro studies were performed to evaluate the impact of Simvastatin on prime coagulation mediators. HCD was used to induce neuropathology in wistar rats and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of Simvastatin in preventing the advancement of neurodegeneration in obese rats. Biochemical analyses were used to estimate changes in lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory and coagulation markers. Simvastatin showed good theoretical affinity to coagulation proteins, significantly reversed changes in inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers which were induced by HCD. Enhanced fibrinolytic activity of Simvastatin was revealed through in vitro analysis. Immunohistoanalysis showed raised level of Nrf2. Histopathological studies also supported neuroprotective potential of Simvastatin in HCD fed rats. Simvastatin demonstrated reduced hypercoagulation, enhanced fibrinolysis and reversed neurodegeneration in HCD exposed rats suggesting its potential role in preventing the progression of neurodegeneration in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Noorul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Ismail TR, Yap CG, Naidu R, Pamidi N. Environmental Enrichment and Metformin Improve Metabolic Functions, Hippocampal Neuron Survival, and Hippocampal-Dependent Memory in High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030480. [PMID: 36979171 PMCID: PMC10045208 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: The Western-style diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) may eventually trigger neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Thus, it is essential to identify effective therapeutic strategies to overcome T2D complications. This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) and metformin interventions on metabolic dysfunctions, hippocampal neuronal death, and hippocampal-dependent memory impairments in high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet-induced T2D rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats (200-250 g) were divided into four groups: C group (standard diet + conventional cage); D group (HFS diet + conventional cage); DE group (HFS diet + EE cage/6hr daily); and DM group (HFS diet + metformin + conventional cage). Body weight was measured every week. T-maze tasks, anthropometric, biochemical, histological, and morphometric parameters were measured. The expression changes of hippocampal genes were also analyzed. Results: The anthropometric and biochemical parameters were improved in DE and DM groups compared with the D group. DE and DM groups had significantly higher T-maze percentages than the D group. These groups also had better histological and morphometric parameters than the D group. The interventions of EE and metformin enhanced the expression of hippocampal genes related to neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity (BDNF/TrkB binding, PI3K-Akt, Ras-MAPK, PLCγ-Ca2+, and LTP). Conclusion: Environmental enrichment (EE) and metformin improved metabolic functions, hippocampal neuron survival, and hippocampal-dependent memory in HFS diet-induced T2D rats. The underlying mechanisms of these interventions involved the expression of genes that regulate neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh Rasyidah Ismail
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Clinical Laboratory Science Section, Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Kuala Lumpur 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Christina Gertrude Yap
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Narendra Pamidi
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Johnson AC, Tremble SM, Cipolla MJ. Experimental Preeclampsia Causes Long-Lasting Hippocampal Vascular Dysfunction and Memory Impairment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:889918. [PMID: 35615682 PMCID: PMC9124928 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.889918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is associated with memory impairment, cognitive decline and brain atrophy later in life in women at ages as young as early-to-mid 40 s. PE increases the risk of vascular dementia three-fold, however, long-lasting effects of PE on the vasculature of vulnerable brain regions involved in memory and cognition, such as the hippocampus, remain unknown. Here, we used a rat model of experimental PE (ePE) induced by maintaining rats on a 2% cholesterol diet beginning on day 7 of gestation to investigate hippocampal function later in life. Hippocampal-dependent memory and hippocampal arteriole (HA) function were determined in Sprague Dawley rats 5 months after either a healthy pregnancy or ePE (n = 8/group). Rats that had ePE were hypertensive and had impaired vasoreactivity of HAs to mediators involved in matching neuronal activity with local blood flow (i.e., neurovascular coupling). ePE rats also had impaired long-term memory, but not spatial memory. Thus, this model of ePE mimics some of the long-lasting cardiovascular and cognitive consequences that occur in women who previously had PE. These findings suggest endothelial and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction of HAs were present months after PE that could impair hippocampal neurovascular coupling. This represents a novel vascular mechanism by which PE causes early-onset dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie C. Johnson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,*Correspondence: Abbie C. Johnson,
| | - Sarah M. Tremble
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Marilyn J. Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States,Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
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Wu M, Zhai Y, Liang X, Chen W, Lin R, Ma L, Huang Y, Zhao D, Liang Y, Zhao W, Fang J, Fang S, Chen Y, Wang Q, Li W. Connecting the Dots Between Hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Potential Mechanism Based on 27-Hydroxycholesterol. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:842814. [PMID: 35464321 PMCID: PMC9021879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.842814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors, with hypercholesterolemia considered as one of the risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between AD and serum cholesterol levels, and experimental studies also provide evidence that elevated cholesterol levels accelerate AD pathology. However, the underlying mechanism of hypercholesterolemia accelerating AD pathogenesis is not clear. Here, we review the metabolism of cholesterol in the brain and focus on the role of oxysterols, aiming to reveal the link between hypercholesterolemia and AD. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is the major peripheral oxysterol that flows into the brain, and it affects β-amyloid (Aβ) production and elimination as well as influencing other pathogenic mechanisms of AD. Although the potential link between hypercholesterolemia and AD is well established, cholesterol-lowering drugs show mixed results in improving cognitive function. Nevertheless, drugs that target cholesterol exocytosis and conversion show benefits in improving AD pathology. Herbs and natural compounds with cholesterol-lowering properties also have a potential role in ameliorating cognition. Collectively, hypercholesterolemia is a causative risk factor for AD, and 27-OHC is likely a potential mechanism for hypercholesterolemia to promote AD pathology. Drugs that regulate cholesterol metabolism are probably beneficial for AD, but more research is needed to unravel the mechanisms involved in 27-OHC, which may lead to new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingan Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichun Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Wang,
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Weirong Li,
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Ma Q, Chen Y, Zhang X, Cai S, Sun Y, Ma N, Yi J. Crateva unilocalaris Buch. shoots attenuate D-galactose-induced brain injury and cognitive disorders of mice through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:3465-3480. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crateva unilocalaris Buch. shoots are traditionally served as vegetable with many health-promoting benefits. The aim of the current investigation was designed to study the preventive effect of ethanol extract from...
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Kamar SA, Malak HWA, Saad SA. Effect of caffeinated energy drinks on the structure of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 and dentate gyrus of adult male albino rats. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:330-341. [PMID: 32993281 PMCID: PMC7527115 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks are available worldwide and frequently consumed to increase energy level and compensate lack of sleep. Energy drinks consumers aim to improve their cognitive functions. Red Bull is the most popular energy drink consumed in Egypt. However, the link between the impact of energy drinks on the structure of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG), a highly vulnerable brain regions to various insults, has not yet documented. To study the effect of energy drinks on structure of hippocampal CA1 and DG of adult male albino rats. Twenty one adult male albino rats were divided into three groups; group I control group, groups II and III received Red Bull, with a dose of 3.75 ml/kg/day orally using gastric tube for four and eight consecutive weeks respectively. At the end of the experiment, brains were dissected and hippocampal specimens were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Histopathological examination of hippocampal sections in group II revealed vacuoles, decrease thickness of pyramidal cell layer with irregular dark or ghost nuclei. However, changes were more severe in group III with cracks in pyramidal cell layer, massive vacuolation and signet ring cells. Moreover, star shaped astrocytes and glial fibrillary acidic protein immuno-reactivity were more abundant in group III than in group II. Caffeinated energy drinks produced neurodegenerative changes and reactive astrocytosis in hippocampal CA1 and DG of adult male albino rats. These changes were duration-dependent being more severe in longer duration of intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Kamar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany W Abdel Malak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Adel Saad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wiersma VI, Hoozemans JJM, Scheper W. Untangling the origin and function of granulovacuolar degeneration bodies in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:153. [PMID: 32883341 PMCID: PMC7469111 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brains of tauopathy patients, tau pathology coincides with the presence of granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs) both at the regional and cellular level. Recently, it was shown that intracellular tau pathology causes GVB formation in experimental models thus explaining the strong correlation between these neuropathological hallmarks in the human brain. These novel models of GVB formation provide opportunities for future research into GVB biology, but also urge reevaluation of previous post-mortem observations. Here, we review neuropathological data on GVBs in tauopathies and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies. We discuss the possibility that intracellular aggregates composed of proteins other than tau are also able to induce GVB formation. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of GVB formation and the downstream functional implications hereof are outlined in view of the current available data. In addition, we provide guidelines for the identification of GVBs in tissue and cell models that will help to facilitate and streamline research towards the elucidation of the role of these enigmatic and understudied structures in neurodegeneration.
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Lee S, Youn K, Jun M. Major compounds of red ginseng oil attenuate Aβ 25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation by modulating MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:4122-4134. [PMID: 30014084 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with complex mechanisms. Thus, a multi-target approach might be suitable for AD treatment. Following our previous study on the neuroprotective effects of red ginseng oil extract, its major compounds, including linoleic acid (LA), β-sitosterol (BS), and stigmasterol (SS), were examined to elucidate the mechanism of anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation in Aβ25-35-stimulated PC12 cells. The results showed that the three compounds mitigated Aβ25-35 toxicity by regulating oxidative stress, apoptotic responses, and pro-inflammatory mediators. LA and SS strongly regulated intrinsic apoptosis markers, such as mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspases-9, -3, and -8. However, BS blocked only the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, particularly by suppressing Ca2+ accumulation. Furthermore, all three compounds downregulated iNOS and phospho-nuclear factor-κB, but only LA and SS inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and phospho-IκB. In assays to evaluate MAPK expression for confirming upstream signal pathways, BS decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK, but not JNK, while SS markedly decreased the phosphorylation of all three MAPKs, and LA clearly decreased the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, but not p38. These results indicate that LA, BS, and SS act as neuroprotectives against Aβ25-35-induced injury by distinct molecular mechanisms, indicating their preventive and/or therapeutic potential to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonah Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
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Comparative study of antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of clove and metformin on renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Lv C, An Y, Liu Q, Rong H, Tao L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xiao R. Increased Levels of 27-Hydroxycholesterol Induced by Dietary Cholesterol in Brain Contribute to Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29193679 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary cholesterol has been shown to play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is proposed that oxysterol especially 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) may play a potential role in β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) production and accumulation during AD progression. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the mechanisms of dietary cholesterol and 27-OHC on learning and memory impairment, male Sprague-Dawley rats are fed with cholesterol diet with or without 27-OHC synthetase inhibitor (anastrozole) injection. The levels of cholesterol, 27-OHC, 24-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC), 7α-hydroxycholesterol, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in plasma are determined; apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma or brain; CYP27A1 and CYP7A1 in liver and CYP46A1 and CYP7B1 in brain; cathepsin B, cathepsin D, and acid phosphatase in lysosome; and Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in brain. Results show increased levels of 27-OHC (p < 0.01), LDL-C (p < 0.01), and ApoB (p < 0.01), and decreased level of HDL-C (p < 0.05) in plasma, upregulated CYP27A1 (p < 0.01) and CYP7A1 (p < 0.01) expression in liver, altered lysosomal function, and increased level of Aβ in brain (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the mechanisms of dietary cholesterol on learning and memory impairment may be involved in cholesterol metabolism and lysosome function with the increase of plasma 27-OHC, thus resulting in Aβ formation and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Lv
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanri Liu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongguo Rong
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingwei Tao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Bayatmakoo R, Rashtchizadeh N, Yaghmaei P, Farhoudi M, Karimi P. Atorvastatin inhibits cholesterol-induced caspase-3 cleavage through down-regulation of p38 and up-regulation of Bcl-2 in the rat carotid artery. Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 28:298-303. [PMID: 28498386 PMCID: PMC5730680 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries lead to a broad range of cerebrovascular disorders such as vascular dementia and ischaemic stroke. Recent studies have verified the beneficial role of atorvastatin (AV) in atherosclerosis. Despite a large body of studies, the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been completely explained. In this study, several experiments were performed on atherosclerotic rat models to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of AV in the carotid artery. METHODS In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (250 ± 25 g) were randomly divided into four groups: rats on a normal diet (ND; n = 10); a high-cholesterol diet (HD; n = 10); a high-cholesterol diet plus AV (HD + AV; n = 10) ; and the AV control group (AV; n = 10). Cleavage of caspase-3 protein, expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) as well as phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by immunoblotting assay in the carotid artery homogenate. Plasma atherogenic indices, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by colorimetric assay at the end of the experiment. Plasma levels of oxidised LDL (oxLDL) were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After eight weeks of feeding with a high-cholesterol diet, an elevated level of oxLDL was observed in the plasma in the HD group compared with the ND group [214.42 ± 17.46 vs 69.13 ± 9.92 mg/dl (5.55 ± 0.45 vs 1.78 ± 0.26 mmol/l); p < 0.01]. AV administration significantly reduced oxLDL levels in the HD + AV compared to the HD group [126.52 ± 9.46 vs 214.42 ± 17.46 mg/dl (3.28 ± 0.25 vs 5.55 ± 0.45 mmol/l); p < 0.01]. Results also showed that compared with the HC group, the HC + AV group had lower levels of p38 phosphorylation (p < 0.05) and higher levels of Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.05). Lower levels of cleaved caspase-3 were observed in the HC + AV group in comparison with the HC group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The resultant data suggest that the anti-apoptotic effect of AV could be partially mediated by the pro-inflammatory protein p38 MAPK and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the rat carotid artery. Atorvastatin can therefore be considered a target drug in the prevention or development of atherosclerotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Bayatmakoo
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Centre (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Apigenin attenuates hippocampal oxidative events, inflammation and pathological alterations in rats fed high fat, fructose diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:323-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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15
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Ylilauri MP, Voutilainen S, Lönnroos E, Mursu J, Virtanen HE, Koskinen TT, Salonen JT, Tuomainen TP, Virtanen JK. Association of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with the risk of incident dementia or Alzheimer disease: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:476-484. [PMID: 28052883 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.146753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information about the associations of intakes of cholesterol and eggs, a major source of dietary cholesterol, with the risk of cognitive decline in general populations or in carriers of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APO-E4), a major risk factor for dementia. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with incident dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older men from Eastern Finland. DESIGN A total of 2497 dementia-free men, aged 42-60 y in 1984-1989 at the baseline examinations of the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, were included in the study. Information on the apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) phenotype was available for 1259 men. Data on cognitive performance tests at the 4-y re-examinations were available for 480 men. Dietary intakes were assessed with the use of 4-d food records at baseline. Dementia and AD diagnoses were based on Finnish health registers. Cox regression and ANCOVA were used for the analyses. RESULTS During the 21.9-y follow-up, 337 men were diagnosed with dementia, and 266 men were diagnosed with AD. Neither cholesterol nor egg intake was associated with a higher risk of incident dementia or AD. For example, when evaluated continuously, each intake of 100 mg cholesterol/d was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.02) for incident dementia, and each additional 0.5 egg (27 g)/d was associated with an HR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.01). However, egg intake was associated with better performance on neuropsychological tests of the frontal lobe and executive functioning, the Trail Making Test, and the Verbal Fluency Test. The Apo-E4 phenotype did not modify the associations of cholesterol or egg intake (P-interactions > 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Neither cholesterol nor egg intake is associated with an increased risk of incident dementia or AD in Eastern Finnish men. Instead, moderate egg intake may have a beneficial association with certain areas of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Pt Ylilauri
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Sari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Eija Lönnroos
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Jaakko Mursu
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Heli Ek Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Timo T Koskinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Jukka T Salonen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
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16
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Rui X, Wenfang L, Jing C, Meng C, Chengcheng D, Jiqu X, Shuang R. Neuroprotective effects of phytosterol esters against high cholesterol-induced cognitive deficits in aged rat. Food Funct 2017; 8:1323-1332. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed that a high-cholesterol diet is detrimental to cognitive performance in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Rui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Li Wenfang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Cheng Jing
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Ding Chengcheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Xu Jiqu
- Department of Product Processing and Nutriology
- Oil Crops Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Rong Shuang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Medical College
- Wuhan University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan
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17
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Rizzetti DA, Altermann CDC, Martinez CS, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Uranga-Ocio JA, Castro MM, Wiggers GA, Mello-Carpes PB. Ameliorative effects of egg white hydrolysate on recognition memory impairments associated with chronic exposure to low mercury concentration. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:30-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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High Cholesterol Diet Increases Expression of Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase and BACE1 in Rat Hippocampi: Implications for the Effect of Diet Cholesterol on Memory. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.35677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Ismawati, Oenzil F, Yanwirasti, Yerizel E. Changes in expression of proteasome in rats at different stages of atherosclerosis. Anat Cell Biol 2016; 49:99-106. [PMID: 27382511 PMCID: PMC4927436 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that proteasome system has a role in initiation, progression, and complication stages of atherosclerosis. Although there is still controversy, there has been no research that compares the expression of proteasome in tissue and serum at each of these stages. This study aimed to investigated the expression of proteasome at different stages of atherosclerosis using rat model. We measured the expression of aortic proteasome by immunohistochemical analyses and were then analyzed using ImageJ software for percentage of area and integrated density. We used Photoshop version 3.0 to analyze aortic proteasome expression as a comparison. We measured serum proteasome expression by enzyme linked immunosorbents assays. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean value of percentage of area and serum proteasome. Analysis of variance test was used to compare mean value of integrated density. Correlation test between vascular proteasome expression and serum proteasome expression was made using Spearman test. A P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Compared with normal, percentage of area was higher in initiation, progression, and complication. Compared with normal, integrated density was higher in initiation and further higher in progression and complication. Data from Image J is similar with data from Photoshop. Serum proteasome expression was higher in initiation compared with normal, and further higher in progression and complication. It was concluded that there were different vascular proteasome expression and serum proteasome expression at the stages of atherosclerosis. These results may be used in research into new marker and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismawati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
| | - Fadil Oenzil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Yanwirasti
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Eti Yerizel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
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20
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Brain in situ hybridization maps as a source for reverse-engineering transcriptional regulatory networks: Alzheimer's disease insights. Gene 2016; 586:77-86. [PMID: 27050105 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microarray data have been a valuable resource for identifying transcriptional regulatory relationships among genes. As an example, brain region-specific transcriptional regulatory events have the potential of providing etiological insights into Alzheimer Disease (AD). However, there is often a paucity of suitable brain-region specific expression data obtained via microarrays or other high throughput means. The Allen Brain Atlas in situ hybridization (ISH) data sets (Jones et al., 2009) represent a potentially valuable alternative source of high-throughput brain region-specific gene expression data for such purposes. In this study, Allen Brain Atlas mouse ISH data in the hippocampal fields were extracted, focusing on 508 genes relevant to neurodegeneration. Transcriptional regulatory networks were learned using three high-performing network inference algorithms. Only 17% of regulatory edges from a network reverse-engineered based on brain region-specific ISH data were also found in a network constructed upon gene expression correlations in mouse whole brain microarrays, thus showing the specificity of gene expression within brain sub-regions. Furthermore, the ISH data-based networks were used to identify instructive transcriptional regulatory relationships. Ncor2, Sp3 and Usf2 form a unique three-party regulatory motif, potentially affecting memory formation pathways. Nfe2l1, Egr1 and Usf2 emerge among regulators of genes involved in AD (e.g. Dhcr24, Aplp2, Tia1, Pdrx1, Vdac1, and Syn2). Further, Nfe2l1, Egr1 and Usf2 are sensitive to dietary factors and could be among links between dietary influences and genes in the AD etiology. Thus, this approach of harnessing brain region-specific ISH data represents a rare opportunity for gleaning unique etiological insights for diseases such as AD.
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21
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Hanafy AS, Farid RM, Helmy MW, ElGamal SS. Pharmacological, toxicological and neuronal localization assessment of galantamine/chitosan complex nanoparticles in rats: future potential contribution in Alzheimer’s disease management. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3111-3122. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1153748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amira S. Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Manufacturing, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria, Egypt,
| | - Ragwa M. Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Manufacturing, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria, Egypt,
| | - Maged W. Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt, and
| | - Safaa S. ElGamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Ghoneim FM, Khalaf HA, Elsamanoudy AZ, Abo El-khair SM, Helaly AMN, Mahmoud EHM, Elshafey SH. Protective effect of chronic caffeine intake on gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling and the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein and Ki-67 in Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7710-7728. [PMID: 26339337 PMCID: PMC4555665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive degeneration of the hippocampal and cortical neurons. This study was designed to demonstrate the protective effect of caffeine on gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor neural receptor protein-tyrosine kinase-β (TrkB) as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced animal model of AD. Fifty adult rats included in this study were classified into 5 group (10 rats each); negative and positive control groups (I&II), AD model group (III), group treated with caffeine from the start of AD induction (IV) and group treated with caffeine two weeks before AD induction (V). Hippocampal tissue BDNF and its receptor (TrkB) gene expression by real time RT-PCR in addition to immunohistochemical study of GFAP and Ki67 immunoreactivity were performed for all rats in the study. The results of this study revealed that caffeine has protective effect through improving the histological and immunohistochemical findings induced by AlCl3 as well as BDNF and its receptor gene expression. It could be concluded from the current study, that chronic caffeine consumption in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight daily has a potentially good protective effect against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Ghoneim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Hanaa A Khalaf
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Ayman Z Elsamanoudy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Salwa M Abo El-khair
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | - Ahmed MN Helaly
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
| | | | - Saad H Elshafey
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Mansoura UniversityEgypt
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