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Liao J, Tang Q, Xie X, Zhou B, Li F, Li S. The efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in patients with adult-onset still's disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112451. [PMID: 38870881 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Janus kinases inhibitors (JAKi) for adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) patients. METHODS We searched the Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception up to 22 October 2023. The results were supplemented by a backward search of relevant publications. Two authors independently selected trials. The available studies were comprehensively reviewed and analysed. RESULTS A total of 9 studies with a total of 35 patients were included in the review. Of these patients, 17 (48.6%) patients were treated with tofacitinib, 14 (40%) with baricitinib, 4 (11.4%) with ruxolitinib and 1 (2.9%) with upadacitinib. After treatment with JAKi, 17 (48.6%) patients showed complete remission, 12 (34.3%) patients showed partial remission, and 7 (20%) patients showed loss of efficacy or relapse. The use of ruxolitinib showed a remission rate of 100% in AOSD patients with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) reported were mild and rare overall. Most AEs were abnormal lipid parameters (9.7%), bacterial pneumonia (3.2%), organised pneumonia (3.2%), diarrhoea (3.2%), increased heart rate (3.2%), menometrorrhagia (3.2%) and leukopenia (3.2%). One patient died from bacterial pneumonia. CONCLUSION JAKi therapy may be an option for patients with AOSD, especially for refractory AOSD. For patients with AOSD complicated by MAS, ruxolitinib seems to be a better choice than other JAKi agents. Although our study shows that JAKi are well tolerated in AOSD patients, we still need to be on the lookout for fatal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafen Liao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
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Nguyen TTT, Kim YT, Jeong G, Jin M. Immunopathology of and potential therapeutics for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome: a translational perspective. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:559-569. [PMID: 38448692 PMCID: PMC10984945 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (sHLH/MAS) is a life-threatening immune disorder triggered by rheumatic disease, infections, malignancies, or medications. Characterized by the presence of hemophagocytic macrophages and a fulminant cytokine storm, sHLH/MAS leads to hyperferritinemia and multiorgan failure and rapidly progresses to death. The high mortality rate and the lack of specific treatments necessitate the development of a new drug. However, the complex and largely unknown immunopathologic mechanisms of sHLH/MAS, which involve dysfunction of various immune cells, diverse etiologies, and different clinical contexts make this effort challenging. This review introduces the terminology, diagnosis, and clinical features of sHLH/MAS. From a translational perspective, this review focuses on the immunopathological mechanisms linked to various etiologies, emphasizing potential drug targets, including key molecules and signaling pathways. We also discuss immunomodulatory biologics, existing drugs under clinical evaluation, and novel therapies in clinical trials. This systematic review aims to provide insights and highlight opportunities for the development of novel sHLH/MAS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram T T Nguyen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunyeol Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Chen S, Zhang C, Chen D, Dong L, Chang T, Tang ZH. Advances in attractive therapeutic approach for macrophage activation syndrome in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200289. [PMID: 37483597 PMCID: PMC10358730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, people have relaxed their vigilance against COVID-19 due to its declining infection numbers and attenuated virulence. However, COVID-19 still needs to be concern due to its emerging variants, the relaxation of restrictions as well as breakthrough infections. During the period of the COVID-19 infection, the imbalanced and hyper-responsive immune system plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) is a fatal complication of immune system disease, which is caused by the excessive activation and proliferation of macrophages and cytotoxic T cells (CTL). COVID-19-related hyperinflammation shares common clinical features with the above MAS symptoms, such as hypercytokinemia, hyperferritinemia, and coagulopathy. In MAS, immune exhaustion or defective anti-viral responses leads to the inadequate cytolytic capacity of CTL which contributes to prolonged interaction between CTL, APCs and macrophages. It is possible that the same process also occurred in COVID-19 patients, and further led to a cytokine storm confined to the lungs. It is associated with the poor prognosis of severe patients such as multiple organ failure and even death. The main difference of cytokine storm is that in COVID-19 pneumonia is mainly the specific damage of the lung, while in MAS is easy to develop into a systemic. The attractive therapeutic approach to prevent MAS in COVID-19 mainly includes antiviral, antibiotics, convalescent plasma (CP) therapy and hemadsorption, extensive immunosuppressive agents, and cytokine-targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the role of the therapeutic approaches mentioned above in the two diseases. And we found that the treatment effect of the same therapeutic approach is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Chen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Surgery & Surgical Critical, Tongji Trauma Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Surgery & Surgical Critical, Tongji Trauma Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Deng Chen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Surgery & Surgical Critical, Tongji Trauma Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Surgery & Surgical Critical, Tongji Trauma Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Teding Chang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Surgery & Surgical Critical, Tongji Trauma Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Emergency Surgery & Surgical Critical, Tongji Trauma Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang J, Yan B. Rare complications of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis: Time to nip them in the bud. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009546. [PMID: 36275649 PMCID: PMC9584642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+ DM) is an infrequent autoimmune disease, which mainly distributes in Asians and females. MDA5+ DM usually presents various skin lesions and positive anti-MDA5 antibody (a myositis-specific autoantibody for itself) with amyopathic or hypomyopathic features. For MDA5+ DM patients, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease is a common complication with a high-speed deterioration and a poor prognosis. Besides, there are other complications of MDA5+ DM patients, including pneumomediastinum, macrophage activation syndrome and spontaneous intramuscular hemorrhage. These complications were rare but lethal, so it is necessary to explore their diagnosis methods, therapies and potential mechanisms, which are helpful for early diagnoses and timely treatment. To date, several cases and studies have shown distinctive features, diagnoses and treatments of these three rare complications, and there are also some differences among them. In this review, we outlined the characteristics, administration and potential pathogenesis of these rare complications of MDA5+ DM.
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