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Janarthanan R, Jayakumar R, Iyer S. Injectable Pectin-Alginate Hydrogels for Improving Vascularization and Adipogenesis of Human Fat Graft. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:409. [PMID: 37623654 PMCID: PMC10455938 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is the most prevailing tool for soft tissue regeneration in clinics, although efficiency is limited to unpredictable volume resorption due to poor vascularization and eventual necrosis. This study sought to improve the AFG efficiency using a hydrogel as a carrier for human fat graft (F) with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is clinically well known for the local release of several endogenous growth factors and has been in clinical use already. A human-fat-graft-encapsulated pectin-alginate hydrogel (FG) was developed and characterized. PRP was added to F to develop a human fat graft with PRP (FP). FP was admixed with a pectin-alginate hydrogel to develop FGP. FG and FGP showed the smooth injectable, elastic, and shear-thinning properties. FG and FGP groups showed enhanced cell viability and proliferation compared to the control F in vitro. We also investigated the in vivo angiogenesis and neo-adipogenesis ability of F, FG, FGP, and FP in nude mice after subcutaneous injection. After 2 and 4 weeks, an MRI of the mice was conducted, followed by graft explantation. The explanted grafts were also assessed histologically and with immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies. MRI and histology results revealed better vascularity of the FG and FGP system compared to fat graft alone. Further, the IHC studies, CD 31, and perilipin staining also revealed better vasculature and adipogenesis of FG and FGP systems. These results indicate the enhanced angiogenesis and adipogenesis of FG and FGP. Thus, developed pectin-alginate hydrogel-based fat graft systems FG and FGP replenish the native microenvironment by mediating angiogenesis and adipogenesis, thereby maximizing the clinical outcomes of autologous fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Janarthanan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India;
| | - Rangasamy Jayakumar
- Polymeric Biomaterials Lab, School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India;
| | - Subramania Iyer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India;
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Mandour MF, Elsheikh MN, Amer M, Elzayat S, Barbara M, Covelli E, Elfarargy HH, Tomoum M. The impact of adding platelet-rich plasma during fat graft myringoplasty for managing medium-sized tympanic membrane perforations: A prospective randomized case-control study. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103755. [PMID: 36580741 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding platelet-rich plasma (PRP) during FGM to close medium-sized TM perforations. METHODS This prospective randomized case-control study was conducted from February 2017 to March 2022. We included 320 patients with a medium-sized TM perforation with inactive mucosal otitis media. Transcanal FGM managed all patients under general or local anesthesia according to the patient preference. According to PRP, patients were divided into two groups: the first with PRP (170 patients) and the other without PRP (150 patients). We evaluated the closure rate of both groups one month, six months, and one year after the surgery. Also, we assessed the audiological performance before and one year after the operation for the patients with a successful closure. RESULTS The closure rate was 87.6 % in the first group and 72.7 % in the second group, with a statistically significant difference between both groups as the P-value, was 0.001. Successful closure of the ABG to <10 dB occurred in 95.3 % of group A and 90.8 % of group B without a statistically significant difference between both groups (P-value = 0.163). CONCLUSIONS This prospective comparative study on a relatively large number of patients revealed that FGM effectively closed medium-sized TM perforations. It also significantly improved postoperative audiological performance in both groups. Adding PRP during the FGM enhanced the closure success and the healing process without recorded complications. We recommend using the PRP in the routine FGM for closing medium-sized TM perforations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Mandour
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Elsheikh
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Amer
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Saad Elzayat
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Maurizio Barbara
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant Andrea University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Edoardo Covelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant Andrea University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Haitham H Elfarargy
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Tomoum
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Hu H, Chen J, Li S, Xu T, Li Y. 3D printing technology and applied materials in eardrum regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE, POLYMER EDITION 2022; 34:950-985. [PMID: 36373498 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2147350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tympanic membrane perforation is a common condition in clinical otolaryngology. Although some eardrum patients can self-heal, a long period of non-healing perforation leads to persistent otitis media, conductive deafness, and poor quality of life. Tympanic membrane repair with autologous materials requires a second incision, and the sampling site may get infected. It is challenging to repair tympanic membranes while maintaining high functionality, safety, affordability, and aesthetics. 3D bioprinting can be used to fabricate tissue patches with materials, factors, and cells in a design manner. This paper reviews 3D printing technology that is being used widely in recent years to construct eardrum stents and the utilized applied materials for tympanic membrane repair. The paper begins with an introduction of the physiological structure of the tympanic membrane, briefly reviews the current clinical method thereafter, highlights the recent 3D printing-related strategies in tympanic membrane repair, describes the materials and cells that might play an important role in 3D printing, and finally provides a perspective of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the 988th Hospital of the Joint Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhengzhou City 450042, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Bio-intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Li
- Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang,453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Bio-intelligent Manufacturing and Living Matter Bioprinting Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, the 988th Hospital of the Joint Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Zhengzhou City 450042, Henan Province, China
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Arslan N, Kargin Kaytez S, Ocal R, Yumusak N, Şenes M, Ibas M. Possible Neoplastic or Proliferative Effects of Intra-Tympanic Platelet-Rich Plasma on the MiddleEarMucosa: A Myth or a Fact to Consider? J Int Adv Otol 2022; 18:252-256. [PMID: 35608495 PMCID: PMC10682807 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2022.20116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma is a frequently used plasma-derived material; however, a possible neoplastic or proliferative effect is one of the limiting issues in its use. The aim of our experimental study was to investigate the long-term histological effects of platelet-rich plasma on the middle ear mucosa. METHODS The rats were divided into 2 groups randomly (groups 1 and 2). Group 1 represented the control group and 8 rats were included in this group. To the left ear, 0.3 mL of normal saline solution was administered intra-tympanically. No injections were done to the right ears. Group 2 represented the platelet-rich plasma group and 11 rats were included. To the left ears, 0.3 mL of platelet-rich plasma and to the right ears 0.3 mL of normal saline solution was administered intra-tympanically. The intra-tympanic platelet-rich plasma injections were done twice with an interval of 1 week. All animals were sacrificed in the third month. The degree of mucosal thickness, the presence of metaplasia, atypical cells, myofibroblastic infiltration, angiogenesis, and acute or chronic inflammation were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS Histopathological findings in the right and left ears in each group were compared in itself. The degree of inflammation and mucosal thickness were significantly higher in the perforated and saline administered side, in group 1 (P < .001). In group 2, the degree of angiogenesis was significantly higher in the platelet-rich plasma administered side (P < .001). The degree of mucosal thickness was significantly higher in the saline administered side (P < .001). CONCLUSION Considering the anti-inflammatory and regenerative features and its safety, intra-tympanic-PRP may, in the future, be an alterna- tive to current intra-tympanic treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmi Arslan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Health Sciences University of Turkey, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selda Kargin Kaytez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Health Sciences University of Turkey, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Ocal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Health Sciences University of Turkey, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihat Yumusak
- Department of Pathology, Harran University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şenes
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University of Turkey, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ibas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Health Sciences University of Turkey, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Xiaoli Z, Jian Z, Peiran T, Xiang C. The latest progress of tympanic membrane repair materials. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Strüder D, Lachmann C, van Bonn SM, Grambow E, Schraven SP, Mlynski R, Vollmar B. The Dorsal Skinfold Chamber as a New Tympanic Membrane Wound Healing Model: Intravital Insights into the Pathophysiology of Epithelialized Wounds. Eur Surg Res 2021; 63:1-15. [PMID: 34856545 PMCID: PMC9808650 DOI: 10.1159/000519774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs) are a common complication of trauma and infection. Persisting perforations result from the unique location of the tympanic membrane. The wound is surrounded by air of the middle ear and the external auditory canal. The inadequate wound bed, growth factor, and blood supply lead to circular epithelialization of the perforation's edge and premature interruption of defect closure. Orthotopic animal models use mechanical or chemical tympanic membrane laceration to identify bioactive wound dressings and overcome premature epithelialization. However, all orthotopic models essentially lack repetitive visualization of the biomaterial-wound interface. Therefore, recent progress in 3D printing of customized wound dressings has not yet been transferred to the unique wound setup of the TMP. Here, we present a novel application for the mice dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC) with an epithelialized full-thickness defect as TMP model. METHODS A circular 2-mm defect was cut into the extended dorsal skinfold using a biopsy punch. The skinfold was either perforated through both skin layers without prior preparation or perforated on 1 side, following resection of the opposing skin layer. In both groups, the wound was sealed with a coverslip or left unclosed (n = 4). All animals were examined for epithelialization of the edge (histology), size of the perforation (planimetry), neovascularization (repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy), and inflammation (immunohistology). RESULTS The edge of the perforation was overgrown by the cornified squamous epithelium in all pre-parations. Reduction in the perforation's size was enhanced by application of a coverslip. Microsurgical preparation before biopsy punch perforation and sealing with a coverslip enabled repetitive high-quality intravital fluorescence microscopy. However, spontaneous reduction of the perforation occurred frequently. Therefore, the direct biopsy punch perforation without microsurgical preparation was favorable: spontaneous reduction did not occur throughout 21 days. Moreover, the visualization of the neovascularization was sufficient in intravital microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The DSC full-thickness defect is a valuable supplement to orthotopic TMP models. Repetitive intravital microscopy of the epithelialized edge enables investigation of the underlying pathophysiology during the transition from the inflammation to the proliferation phase of wound healing. Using established analysis procedures, the present model provides an effective platform for the screening of bioactive materials and transferring progress in tissue engineering to the special conditions of tympanic membrane wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strüder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,*Daniel Strüder,
| | - Christoph Lachmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sara Maria van Bonn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Schraven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Mlynski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery “Otto Körner”, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Ersözlü T, Gultekin E. A Comparison of the Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Gel Fat Graft Myringoplasty and the Fat Graft Myringoplasty for the Closure of Different Sizes of Tympanic Membrane Perforations. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 99:331-336. [PMID: 31928083 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319900388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel (PRPG) on fat graft myringoplasty (FGM) in tympanic membrane perforations caused by chronic otitis media. METHODS This retrospective study involved 63 patients who underwent operations between 2015 and 2018. Fat graft myringoplasty was performed with the transcanal approach with and without the use of PRPG in the surgical field. The patients were classified into 2 groups: group A, which included 32 patients who underwent FGM with the use of autologous PRPG, and group B, which included 31 patients who underwent FGM alone. Tympanic membrane perforations were divided into 2 groups: small perforations (1-2 mm) in a single quadrant and large perforations (2-4 mm) in at least 2 quadrants. RESULTS Both groups were statistically matched regarding age and sex. The mean postoperative follow-up was 11.6 and 12.1 months for groups A and B, respectively. Four months postoperatively, the success rate of the graft in group A (100%) was significantly higher than that in group B (83.8%; P = .03). The preoperative and postoperative median air-bone gaps of the groups were similar (P = .653 and P = .198, respectively). No worsening of the air-bone gap was noted postoperatively in either group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that autologous PRPG application during FGM allows for a higher success rate than FGM alone. Furthermore, the use of PRPG with FGM for large perforations increases the success rate. Further studies are needed to investigate the PRPG healing effect on other tympanic membrane perforation closure techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Ersözlü
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Erdogan Gultekin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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