The Effects of Occupational Therapy and Psychosocial Interventions on Interpersonal Functioning and Personal and Social Performance Levels of Corresponding Patients

Effect of Recreational Activities on Functionality and Internalized Stigma Levels in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness: An Experimental Study

PURPOSE

To determine the effect of recreational activities on functionality and internalized stigma levels in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI).

METHOD

This study was conducted using a pre-/posttest design with experimental and control groups. Participants comprised 90 individuals with SMI, with 45 in the experimental group and 45 in the control group. A personal information form, Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) were used for data collection. The experimental group participated in a program comprising 10 sessions of recreational activities.

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant difference between FAST mean scores and ISMI subscale and overall scores in the experimental group before and after recreational activities.

CONCLUSION

Recreational activities have positive effects on individuals with SMI. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Feelings and Thoughts of Patients Regarding Activities Conducted by Nurses in a Psychiatry Clinic

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine patients' feelings and thoughts about the activities carried out by nurses in the psychiatry clinic.

Patients and Methods

This was a retrospective, cross-sectional and qualitative study was used with the phenomenological method. The sample of study consisted of the feedback documents (n=142) written by the patients who were hospitalized for treatment the psychiatric clinic of a university hospital. Psychiatric patients who took part in the activities carried out by nurses by using the purposive sampling method was selected. The data were obtained by reviewing the entire written documents of the patients and were analyzed using the content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used in research reporting.

Results

Based on the content analysis of the data, three main themes and 7 sub-themes were emerged. The activities conducted by nurses improved communication between patients and nurses, made patients feel that nurses are on their side, enabled them have good time with other patients, and made them feel relaxed and happy.

Conclusion

The entire feelings and thoughts expressed by patients were positive. Nurses should conduct the nursing activities that were conducted in line with the therapeutic setting principles for patients in the psychiatry clinic.

Sex differences in functional outcome after hospitalisation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aims of this review were to determine: i) how many studies have examined global functioning outcomes from a psychiatric inpatient stay disaggregated by sex; and ii) if women have worse global functioning outcomes than men following an admission. A systematic review following PRISMA guidance and meta-analysis were conducted. Thirty-six studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Of these, eleven papers provided sufficient data to conduct a meta-analysis of global functioning outcomes comparing men and women. Overall, differences between men and women were small. The meta-analysis revealed either no difference or a small significant difference in global functioning outcomes in favour of women, contrary to expectations. As many as 93% of otherwise eligible studies had to be excluded for not disaggregating data by sex. Women may have slightly superior functioning outcomes than men suggesting that inpatient services should be more heavily focused on applying principles of gender-informed care for men as well as women. The finding that so many potential studies had to be excluded for not reporting sex differences is consistent with other mental health literature and highlights a need for better reporting practices in relation to sex differences.

Differentiation in Neurological Soft Sign Scores on Schizophrenic Patients with Antipsychotic Treatment

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that affects cognitive aspect of a patient which need long term care with antipsychotics. Long term use of antipsychotic itself causes neurobiological change in the brain which results in alteration of cognitive function. The latest research had demonstrated that NSS (Neurological Soft Sign) reflect a rather wide range of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia which was not accounted for by age, education or severity of global cognitive deficits. Therefore, we examined the effects and impact of antipsychotic Haloperidol and Risperidone treatment in schizophrenic patient using NSS scores. The Study showed that chronic schizophrenia patients had a higher NSS scores than acute patients. NSS also significantly associated with all neuropsychological domains of MMSE in both groups and were confirmed when age, education and severity of global cognitive deficits were not accounted for. This study also obtained a lower NSS score in patients who received Risperidone therapy compared to Haloperidol with p = 0.003. Out of 5 NSS domain in the Heidelberg scale, there was a significant improvement in motor coordination and motor sequencing (p = 0.004) and (p = 0.048) in patients who received Risperidone therapy compared to Haloperidol. There was an association between the chronicity of the disease and NSS, NSS also shows that it’s not influenced by age, education and severity of global cognitive deficits as a screening instrument. Finally the improvement of NSS scores in the Risperidone group was far superior compared to the Haloperidol group particularly in motor coordination and motor sequencing.

Effect of Adjunct Psychosocial Skills Training on Social Functioning of Schizophrenia Patients Who Get Occupational Therapy in a Community Mental Health Center: A Comparative Study

Introduction

Antipsychotic drugs are effective in relieving symptoms in the treatment of schizophrenia, but decreased social functioning is resistant to drugs. In this study, the effect of adjunct Psychosocial Skills Training (PSST) on social functioning for schizophrenia patients who receive service in the community mental health center (CMHC) was investigated.

Method

Schizophrenia patients who received routine case management and occupational therapy in CMHC (n=22), patients receiving PSST in addition to CMHC service (n=21) and patients who were followed up in the Psychotic Disorders Outpatient Clinic as control group (n=21), three groups were formed. In the initial evaluations of the participants, the sociodemographic data form was filled. Social functioning and severity of clinical symptoms were evaluated at the beginning and at end of three-month follow-up period with the Social Functionality Scale (SFS), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Results

At the end of the follow-up period, there was a significant decrease in PANSS total scores, a significant increase in PSP and SFS total scores in the last test evaluations of the study groups. There was not any statistically significant change in the control group. The decrease in PANSS total score in PSST group is significantly higher than CMHC group. There was no significant difference between PSP and SFS scores between intervention groups.

Conclusion

The psychiatric rehabilitation in CMHC has a positive effect on the social functioning and clinical symptoms of schizophrenic patients. Adjunct PSST to routine service seems to help relieving clinical symptoms.

Determination of Independence and Life Satisfaction Level of Individuals with Mental Disorder

Aim

The study aimed to determine the level of independence and life satisfaction of individuals with diagnosed mental disorder.

Method

The descriptive study was conducted with 108 inpatients in two public universities, medical faculty hospitals mental health and psychiatric clinics. Personal information form, Life Satisfaction Scale, and Psychiatric Patient Independence Level Scale were used for data collection tool.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 41.8±14.1 years. 60.2% (n=65) were male, 57.4% (n=62) were 34 years and older, 58.3% (n=63) were single, and 33.3% (n=36) were diagnosed with depression. When the distribution of the mean score of the independence level was analyzed according to the individuals' characteristics, a statistically significant difference was found in terms of age, marital status, education status, medical diagnosis, and duration of treatment (p<0.05). When the distribution of life satisfaction score averages of the individuals diagnosed with mental disorder were examined according to the individuals' characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference according to the variables of medical diagnosis (p<0.05). Thus, patients with mental disorders, had moderate dependency, had a moderate level of life satisfaction, and a negative and poor correlation was found between life satisfaction and dependence (rho=-0.306; p<0.01). As a result of the regression analysis, 10.5% of the increase in life satisfaction was determined by the independence level (R=0.324; R²=0.105; p<0.01).

Conclusion

It was concluded that the participating individuals had moderate independent and life satisfaction. The variables such as diagnosis, age, life satisfaction, and independence levels increased, and the level of dependence decreased.

Analysis of Occupational Therapy In Schizophrenic Patients

Nursing care in the rehabilitation phase is one which provides occupational therapy, which is one form of combination therapy between art and science to direct patients to selective activities, so that health can be improved and maintained, and prevent disability through work activities and training This study is to show evidence of the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions: job training in schizophrenic patients at the Mental Hospital.Methods: The method used in this systematic review consists of 5 stages: identification of instruments in the literature (database search); identification of relevant literature based on title and abstract; inclusion and exclusion criteria; obtaining full text literature; assessment based on literature component and analysis of selected instruments. The database used in the literature search was Scopus, Proquest, Science Direct, Japan Journal, Cochrane by limiting the keywords "Occupational Therapy" and "Schizophrenia", which were published in the years between 2012-2018.Results: Fifteen studies were included in the analysis, only 10 journals met the criteria to be included in the quantitative design.Conclusion: From the results of this study it was found that occupational therapy was significant in improving cognitive, social, work, welfare, and contributing to the quality of life of patients.

Revista Digital Internacional de Psicología y Ciencia Social | Volumen 5 | Número 1 | Enero-Junio 2019 | Los campos transdisciplinares de la psicología

Hablar de psicología y ciencia social es hablar de un amplio campo de aplicaciones de técnicasy conocimientos, así como el uso de distintas habilidades y recursos con un objetivo en común: ampliar el campo de conocimiento de los individuos y de la sociedad.Si bien se ha discutido mucho acerca de los términos que se refieren a este tipo de trabajo, para lograr este objetivo hoy existen varias disciplinas que se encargande investigar diversas problemáticas y temas de interés; sin embargo, aunque cada una de esas profesiones tiene sus principios para hacerlo, éstas pueden trabajar en conjunto con un interés en común; esta investigación es lo que conocemos como investigación transdisciplinaria, y no es sólo la investigación que se efectúa en conjunto respecto a una problemática en común.Este trabajo conjunto responde a las demandas que se presentan en la sociedad actual en que vivimos, donde se ha visto que en los últimos años se han reunido profesionales para investigar problemáticas desde distintos puntos de vista y que en algún punto ha surgido la necesidad de complementarse entre sí. Dicho trabajo corresponde también a la apertura que se ha tenido de otras profesiones de requerir ese trabajo con otros profesionales para explicar algunas problemáticas y que no sólo terminará enriqueciendo en conocimiento e investigaciones, sino en una experiencia profesional importante basada en comunicación, responsabilidades y ética.

Intervención psicofisiológica para el manejo afectivo de una paciente con trastorno depresivo bipolar-II

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 25 años de edad, soltera, con problemas de pareja y diagnóstico depresivo bipolar tipo II. Para el manejo afectivo de su depresión se utilizaron estrategias de intervención psicofisiológicas que regularan la actividad autonómica subyacente al nivel de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, así como la promoción del lenguaje afectivo mediante la escritura emocional autorreflexiva, y estrategias cognitivo-conductuales como entrenamiento asertivo, solución de problemas y activación conductual. Los resultados de regulación autonómica muestran cambios clínicos en la temperatura periférica en manos para el manejo de estrés; un decremento en la tasa respiratoria cuando la paciente logra expresar su lenguaje afectivo de manera asertiva e incremento de lenguaje propositivo. Los índices psicométricos de ansiedad y depresión disminuyeron clínicamente. Se concluye que el manejo psicofisiológico es útil para regular el estado afectivo negativo y se propone ampliar su manejo posterior con estrategias de aceptación y compromiso.

Occupational therapy interventions in the treatment of people with severe mental illness

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Life expectancy of people with severe mental illness is considerably shortened and their risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders is increased. They spend more time in solitary and less time in structured activities than the general population.Engagement in healthy patterns of activity, including active, meaningful participation in the community can, therefore, be critical to recovery from severe mental illness. Occupational therapy is a profession that focuses on time use, activity patterns and occupational engagement, and the links to health and well-being. In this study, we review research evidence regarding approaches to occupational engagement, including behavioural activation, time use, and activity promotion. We also will review studies that specifically evaluate the impact of occupational therapy interventions.

RECENT FINDINGS

There is a growing body of evidence regarding the value of interventions addressing occupational engagement of individuals with severe mental illness, including a range of activation strategies and approaches. There is a need, however, for documentation of theoretically informed approaches that are supported by fidelity measures to ensure standardization.

SUMMARY

Larger-scale studies are needed, including consistent outcome measures to document engagement and changes in activity patterns as well as health-related outcomes. High-quality randomized clinical trials are important to establish effectiveness. As occupational therapy interventions are complex and embedded within a range of multidisciplinary approaches, new models of pragmatic trials within the naturalistic context of psychiatric rehabilitation are also needed.