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Scott MA, Harvey KM, Karisch BB, Woolums AR, Tracy RM, Russell JR, Engel CL. Integrated Blood Transcriptome and Multi-Tissue Trace Mineral Analyses of Healthy Stocker Cattle Fed Complexed or Inorganic Trace Mineral Supplement. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2186. [PMID: 39123712 PMCID: PMC11311009 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementing trace minerals is common in managing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in post-weaned cattle; however, its influence on host immunity and metabolism in high-risk cattle remains unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of three supplementation programs on liver and serum trace element concentrations and blood gene expression. Fifty-six high-risk beef steers were randomly assigned to one of three groups over 60 days: (1) sulfate-sourced Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), (2) amino acid-complexed Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC), or (3) AAC plus trace mineral and vitamin drench (COMBO). Serum and liver biopsies for Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn at d0, d28, and d60 were analyzed from cattle free of BRD (n = 9 INR; n = 6 AAC; n = 10 COMBO). Differences and correlations of mineral concentrations were analyzed via generalized linear mixed models and Spearman's rank coefficients, respectively (p < 0.05). Whole blood RNA samples from healthy cattle (n = 4 INR; n = 4 AAC; n = 4 COMBO) at d0, d13, d28, d45, and d60 were sequenced and analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via glmmSeq (FDR < 0.05), edgeR (FDR < 0.10), and Trendy (p < 0.10). Serum and liver Cu and Co concentrations increased over time in all groups, with higher liver Cu in COMBO (487.985 μg/g) versus AAC (392.043 μg/g) at d60 (p = 0.013). Serum and liver Cu concentrations (ρ = 0.579, p = 6.59 × 10-8) and serum and liver Co concentrations (ρ = 0.466, p = 2.80 × 10-5) were linearly correlated. Minimal gene expression differences were found between AAC versus COMBO (n = 2 DEGs) and INR versus COMBO (n = 0 DEGs) over time. AAC versus INR revealed 107 DEGs (d13-d60) with increased traits in AAC including metabolism of carbohydrates/fat-soluble vitamins, antigen presentation, ATPase activity, and B- and T-cell activation, while osteoclast differentiation and neutrophil degranulation decreased in AAC compared to INR. Our study identifies gene expression differences in high-risk cattle fed inorganic or amino acid-complexed mineral supplements, revealing adaptive immune and metabolic mechanisms that may be improved by organically sourced supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Scott
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79015, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Harvey
- Prairie Research Unit, Mississippi State University, Prairie, MS 39756, USA
| | - Brandi B. Karisch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Amelia R. Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Tracy
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79015, USA
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Bostami ABMR, Mun HS, Yang CJ. Longissimus dorsi Muscle's Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Pattern, and Oxidative Stability in Korean Hanwoo Finishing Cattle Following Slaughtering and Stunning with or without Brain Disruption and State of Consciousness. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050928. [PMID: 36900443 PMCID: PMC10001086 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Handling during pre- and post-slaughter conditions can affect the quality and safety of meat. An experiment was conducted to compare slaughtering with or without a state of consciousness on Longissimus dorsi muscle's proximate composition, cholesterol content, fatty acid profile, and storage quality (pH, microbiology, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value) in Korean Hanwoo finishing cattle (KHFC). Twenty-four KHFC (three replications of four animals per replicate) were slaughtered following two methods: (1) SSUC: slaughtering by applying captive bolt stunning, brain disruption, and neck cutting with the animal in an unconscious state; and (2) SSCS: slaughtering by applying captive bolt stunning, without brain disruption, and neck cutting with the animal in a conscious state. General carcass traits, proximate composition (exempting higher ash content), and cholesterol content of the Longissimus dorsi muscle did not differ between slaughter treatments (SSCS vs. SSUS) (p > 0.05). The total SFA, UFA, PUFA, and MUFA values did not change for those subjected to different slaughtering types; however, some particular SFA values, namely lauric, myristic, and myristoleic acid, were diminished for the SSCS method as compared with the SSUC method (p < 0.05). The Longissimus dorsi muscle's pH value was elevated (p < 0.05), the microbial population tended to be diminished (p < 0.10), and the TBARS value was suppressed for the SSCS method relative to that of the SSUC method during 2 weeks of storage (p < 0.05). Thus, compared with the SSUC method, the SSCS method ensured splendid storage quality with some positive influence on the proximate composition (total ash content) and fatty acid profile (some specific saturated fatty acids) of the Longissimus dorsi muscle of KHFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. M. Rubayet Bostami
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Hong-Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK 21 Plus), Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Honig AC, Inhuber V, Spiekers H, Windisch W, Götz KU, Strauß G, Ettle T. Content and gain of macro minerals in the empty body and body tissues of growing bulls. Meat Sci 2022; 194:108977. [PMID: 36116282 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to generate basic data for specifying the macro mineral requirements of beef bulls. Hence, the contents of the macro minerals calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, and magnesium in the empty body and body tissue fractions of growing Fleckvieh (German Simmental) bulls with 120-780 kg live weight were determined. Results were used to calculate mineral gain rates in bulls within a wide weight range from 100 to 800 kg live weight. Calcium and phosphorus represented the largest shares in the animals' bodies. Body mineral content changed during animal growth due to progressing bone mineralization and increasing amounts of fat in all body tissues. Peak mineral gain rates were observed for calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium during the 200-400 kg live weight range. The gain rates of sodium, potassium, and sulfur declined steadily during cattle growth. The provided data allow to adjust the existing values of net mineral requirements of growing Fleckvieh bulls within the factorial requirement calculation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela C Honig
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Prof.-Duerrwaechter-Platz 3, 85586 Poing-Grub, Germany
| | - Vivienne Inhuber
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Animal Nutrition, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hubert Spiekers
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Prof.-Duerrwaechter-Platz 3, 85586 Poing-Grub, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Windisch
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Animal Nutrition, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Kay-Uwe Götz
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Animal Breeding, Prof.-Duerrwaechter-Platz 1, 85586 Poing-Grub, Germany
| | - Gerhard Strauß
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Department of Quality Assurance and Analytics, Lange Point 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Ettle
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Prof.-Duerrwaechter-Platz 3, 85586 Poing-Grub, Germany.
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Chen D, Wang X, Guo Q, Deng H, Luo J, Yi K, Sun A, Chen K, Shen Q. Muscle Fatty Acids, Meat Flavor Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of Xiangxi Yellow Cattle in Comparison to Aberdeen Angus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091161. [PMID: 35565587 PMCID: PMC9101083 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate meat quality of Xiangxi yellow cattle of different ages in comparison to Aberdeen Angus. At the ages of 6, 18, and 30 months, 10 female animals for both Xiangxi yellow cattle and Aberdeen Angus cattle were randomly selected and slaughtered. The proximate composition analysis, fatty acid profiles and flavor compounds were measured on the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle samples. One boneless loin chop was dissected and used for sensory evaluation by a 10-persoon trained taste panel. The data obtained showed that Xiangxi yellow cattle deposited similarly high level of intramuscular fat as Angus at the age of 18 month and the polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle along with the PUFA/SFA ratio reached the highest levels at this age. Inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) was the predominant umami compound in beef, which concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at month 18, but not different between Angus and Xiangxi yellow cattle. Multiple volatile flavor compounds were higher (p < 0.05) in concentrations in meat from Xiangxi yellow cattle at ages of 18 and 30 months when compared to Angus. Sensory analysis revealed that Xiangxi yellow cattle (18 and 30 months) and Angus (30 months) were superior in meat overall eating quality to Xiangxi yellow cattle (6 months) and Angus (6 and 18 months). This study showed that Xiangxi yellow cattle are a fine cattle breed with equal or even better meat quality attributes when compared to Angus. It is proper to slaughter Xiangxi yellow cattle at the age of 18 months for high quality beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (D.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (D.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Qian Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Huifen Deng
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127, China;
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Kangle Yi
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410130, China;
| | - Ao Sun
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410130, China;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Kun Chen
- Hunan Aite Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Qingwu Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.G.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (Q.S.)
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Chemical Characteristics of Croatian Traditional Istarski pršut (PDO) Produced from Two Different Pig Genotypes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144140. [PMID: 34299415 PMCID: PMC8303308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical characteristics of raw and processed Istarski pršut (PDO) produced from two different pig genotypes were studied with special emphasis on amino and fatty acid composition and factors of lipid stability. Raw hams of Large White (LW)xLandrace (L), and (LWxL)xDuroc (D) pig genotypes were used in the study (20 hams of each genotype). All left raw hams from each carcass were processed in accordance with the PDO specification of Istarski pršut, and other half (the right ones) of LWxL)xD genotype were used for analyses of raw hams (fresh muscles). Istarski pršut was evaluated on the basis of the chemical parameters of the raw and matured lean ham. The process of dry curing significantly influenced the chemical properties of Istarski pršut. Despite the higher content of intramuscular fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the fat of (LWxL)xD ham was much more resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation, suggesting that fatty acid profile and other factors, also play a significant role. Significant differences between pig genotypes in the amino acid and fatty acid profiles were found. The analyzed Istarski pršut may be distinguished by prints of multivariate chemometric statistical analysis, based on their amino acid and fatty acid compositions.
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Influence of Genotype and Slaughter Age on the Content of Selected Minerals and Fatty Acids in the Longissimus Thoracis Muscle of Crossbred Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112004. [PMID: 33143276 PMCID: PMC7693341 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In some European countries, including Poland, beef production is based mostly on dairy cattle herds. Beef quality can be improved by the commercial crossbreeding of dairy cows with beef bulls. The offspring are characterized by higher fattening performance and more desirable carcass characteristics. The experiment was performed on 72 bulls produced by crossing Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows with bulls of three most popular beef breeds: Hereford (HH), Limousin (LM), and Charolais (CH), to determine the effects of genotype and age at slaughter on the content of selected minerals (K, Na, Mg, Zn, and Fe) and fatty acid profile in beef. The meat of PHF × LM crosses had a lower content of K and Mg, compared with the remaining crossbred bulls. The Fe content per kg of meat was higher in bulls slaughtered at 21 months of age than in those slaughtered at 15 months of age. The best sire breed for crossing with dairy cows cannot be clearly indicated based on the present findings. However, the results of this study suggest that bulls should be slaughtered at 21 months of age to achieve the optimal values of most analyzed traits and parameters, in particular the fatty acid profile. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genotype and slaughter age on the mineral content and fatty acid profile of beef. The experiment was performed on 72 crossbred bulls produced by crossing Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows with bulls of three beef breeds: Hereford (HH), Limousin (LM), and Charolais (CH), slaughtered at 15, 18, and 21 months of age. Samples of the longissimus thoracis muscle were collected to determine their mineral (potassium—K, sodium—Na, magnesium—Mg, zinc—Zn, and iron—Fe) and fatty acid composition. The meat of PHF × LM crosses had a lower (p ≤ 0.01) content of K and Mg, compared with the remaining crossbred bulls. The Fe content per kg of meat was 4 mg higher (p ≤ 0.01) in bulls slaughtered at 21 months of age than in those slaughtered at 15 months of age. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in intramuscular fat was 2.77% higher in bulls slaughtered at 21 months of age than in those slaughtered at 15 months of age. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio did not exceed 4.0, and it was most desirable in PHF × LM crosses (2.84) and in the oldest bulls (2.92).
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Kantono K, Hamid N, Oey I, Wu YC, Ma Q, Farouk M, Chadha D. Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on the Chemical Characteristics of Different Lamb Cuts. Foods 2020; 9:E1444. [PMID: 33053733 PMCID: PMC7601600 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-thermal high-pressure processing (HPP) technique has been used to increase the shelf life of food without compromising their nutritional and sensory qualities. This study aims to explore the potential application of HPP on New Zealand lamb meat. In this study, the effect of HPP, at different pressure treatments (200-600 MPa) on eight different lamb meat cuts in terms of lipid oxidation, fatty acid and free amino acid content were investigated. In general treatments between 400 and 600 MPa resulted in higher oxidation values in eye of loin, flat, heel, and tenderloin cuts. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid content were significantly lower with HPP treatment of almost all cuts (except rump and heel cuts) at all pressures. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was significantly lower in HPP-treated inside, knuckle, and tenderloin cuts at 600 MPa compared to control. Nine essential free amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan), and eight non-essential free amino acids (alanine, glycine, threonine, serine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acids and ornithine) were identified in the lamb cuts. HPP increased the total free amino acid composition significantly compared to control at all pressures for almost all cuts except the inside and eye of loin cuts. This study suggests that higher pressure treatments (i.e., 400 and 600 MPa) resulted in higher TBARS oxidation levels. Additionally, significant decreases in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and increase free amino acid content were observed in the majority of HPP-treated samples compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kantono
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Chao Wu
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
- AgResearch MIRINZ, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;
| | - Mustafa Farouk
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Diksha Chadha
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (K.K.); (Y.C.W.); (Q.M.); (D.C.)
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Patel N, Toledo-Alvarado H, Cecchinato A, Bittante G. Predicting the Content of 20 Minerals in Beef by Different Portable Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometers. Foods 2020; 9:E1389. [PMID: 33019621 PMCID: PMC7600663 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the predictability of a detailed mineral profile of beef using different portable near-infrared spectrometers (NIRS). These devices are rapid, chemical waste-free, cheap, nondestructive tools that can be used directly on the meat surface in the work environment without the need to take samples. We compared a transportable Visible-NIRS (weight 5.6 kg; wavelength 350-1830 nm), a portable NIRS (2.0 kg; 950-1650 nm), and a hand-held Micro-NIRS (0.06 kg; 905-1649 nm) to predict the contents of 20 minerals (measured by ICP-OES) in 178 beef samples (Longissimus thoracis muscle) using different mathematical pretreatments of the spectra and partial least square regressions. The externally validated results show that Fe, P, Mg, S, Na, and Pb have some potential for prediction with all instruments (R2VAL: 0.40-0.83). Overall, the prediction performances of the three instruments were similar, although the smallest (Micro-NIRS) exhibited certain advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageshvar Patel
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (H.T.-A.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
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Mioč B, Vnučec I, Prpić Z, Pavić V, Antunović Z, Barać Z. Effect of breed on mineral composition of meat from light lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boro Mioč
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Vnučec
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of J. J., Strossmayer, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Prpić
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Pavić
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia
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