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Burdo S, Di Berardino F, Bruno G. Is auditory neuropathy an appropriate term? A systematic literature review on its aetiology and pathogenesis. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2021; 41:496-506. [PMID: 34825666 PMCID: PMC8686806 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the aetio-pathogenesis of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD), a total of 845 papers were divided into four categories: Review, Audiology, Treatment and Aetiology. Aetiology was the topic analysed categorising papers as: Genetics, Histopathology, Imaging and Medical diseases. Isolated ANs were in relation to Otoferlin, Pejvakin and DIAPH3 deficiency, and the syndromes were mainly Charcot Marie Tooth, Friedreich Ataxia, mitochondrial disorders and those associated with optic neuropathies. In histopathology papers, important information was available from analyses on human premature newborns and on some syndromic neuropathies. From cochlear dysmorphism to cerebral tumours associated with ANs, these are described in what is identified as the Imaging area. Finally, the prevalent clinical pathology was bilirubinopathy, followed by diabetes. In conclusion, AN/ANSDs do not refer to a clear pathological condition, but to an instrumental pattern without any evidence of auditory nerve involvement, except in a few conditions. The terms AN/ANSD are misleading and should be avoided, including terms such as “synaptopathy” or “dis-synchrony”.
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Wang W, Li J, Lan L, Xie L, Xiong F, Guan J, Wang H, Wang Q. Auditory Neuropathy as the Initial Phenotype for Patients With ATP1A3 c.2452 G > A: Genotype-Phenotype Study and CI Management. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749484. [PMID: 34692702 PMCID: PMC8531511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the genotype–phenotype correlation of patients with auditory neuropathy (AN), which is a clinical condition featuring normal cochlear responses and abnormal neural responses, and ATP1A3 c.2452 G > A (p.E818K), which has been generally recognized as a genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS) syndrome. Methods: Four patients diagnosed as AN by clinical evaluation and otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem responses were recruited and analyzed by next-generation sequencing to identify candidate disease-causing variants. Sanger sequencing was performed on the patients and their parents to verify the results, and short tandem repeat-based testing was conducted to confirm the biological relationship between the parents and the patients. Furthermore, cochlear implantation (CI) was performed in one AN patient to reconstruct hearing. Results: Four subjects with AN were identified to share a de novo variant, p.E818K in the ATP1A3 gene. Except for the AN phenotype, patients 1 and 2 exhibited varying degrees of neurological symptoms, implying that they can be diagnosed as CAPOS syndrome. During the 15 years follow-up of patient 1, we observed delayed neurological events and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in pure tone threshold (pure tone audiometry, PTA). Patient 2 underwent CI on his left ear, and the result was poor. The other two patients (patient 3 and patient 4, who were 8 and 6 years old, respectively) denied any neurological symptoms. Conclusion:ATP1A3 p.E818K has rarely been documented in the Chinese AN population. Our study confirms that p.E818K in the ATP1A3 gene is a multiethnic cause of AN in Chinese individuals. Our study further demonstrates the significance of genetic testing for this specific mutation for identifying the special subtype of AN with somewhat favorable CI outcome and offers a more accurate genetic counseling about the specific de novo mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Lan
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Linyi Xie
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Xiong
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guan
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Hwa TP, Wen CZ, Ruckenstein MJ. Assessment of music experience after cochlear implantation: A review of current tools and their utilization. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 7:116-125. [PMID: 33997721 PMCID: PMC8103528 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an overview of the current available music assessment tools after cochlear implantation (CI); to report on the utilization of music assessments in the literature; to propose potential future directions in music assessment after CI. Methods A thorough search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library through October 31, 2020. MeSH search terms, keywords, and phrases included “cochlear implant,” “cochlear prosthesis,” “auditory prosthesis,” “music,” “music assessment,” “music questionnaire,” “music perception,” “music enjoyment, and “music experience.” Potentially relevant studies were reviewed for inclusion, with particular focus on assessments developed specifically for the cochlear implant population and intended for widespread use. Results/conclusions Six hundred and forty-three studies were screened for relevance to assessment of music experience among cochlear implantees. Eighty-one studies ultimately met criteria for inclusion. There are multiple validated tools for assessment of music experience after cochlear implantation, each of which provide slightly differing insights into the patients’ subjective and/or objective post-activation experience. However, no single assessment tool has been adopted into widespread use and thus, much of the literature pertaining to this topic evaluates outcomes non-uniformly, including single-use assessments designed specifically for the study at hand. The lack of a widely accepted universal tool for assessment of music limits our collective understanding the contributory and mitigating factors applicable to current music experience of cochlear implantees, and limits our ability to uniformly evaluate the success of new implant technologies or music training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany P Hwa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Z Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Ruckenstein
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chaudhry D, Chaudhry A, Muzaffar J, Monksfield P, Bance M. Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Post Synaptic Auditory Neuropathies: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. J Int Adv Otol 2020; 16:411-431. [PMID: 33136025 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2020.9035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish outcomes following cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with postsynaptic auditory neuropathy (AN). Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Databases searched: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Collection and ClinicalTrials.gov. No limits placed on language or year of publication. Review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Searches identified 98 studies in total, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria reporting outcomes in 25 patients with at least 28 CIs. Of these, 4 studies focused on Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), 3 on Brown-Vialetto-Van-Laere syndrome (BVVL), 2 on Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA), 2 on Syndromic dominant optic atrophy (DOA+), 2 on Cerebellar ataxia - areflexia - pes cavus - optic atrophy - sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS) syndrome, and 1 on Deafness-dystonia-optic neuronopathy (DDON) syndrome. All studies were Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM) grade IV. Overall trend was towards good post-CI outcomes with 22 of the total 25 patients displaying modest to significant benefit. Hearing outcomes following CI in postsynaptic ANs are variable but generally good with patients showing improvements in hearing thresholds and speech perception. In the future, development of a clearer stratification system into pre, post, and central AN would have clinical and academic benefits. Further research is required to understand AN pathophysiology and develop better diagnostic tools for more accurate identification of lesion sites. Multicenter longitudinal studies with standardized comprehensive outcome measures including health-related quality of life data will be key in establishing a better understanding of short and long-term post-CI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoud Chaudhry
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Bigmingham, UK
| | - Abdullah Chaudhry
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Bigmingham, UK
| | - Jameel Muzaffar
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Bigmingham, UK
| | - Peter Monksfield
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Bigmingham, UK
| | - Manohar Bance
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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