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Toader G, Diacon A, Axinte SM, Mocanu A, Rusen E. State-of-the-Art Polyurea Coatings: Synthesis Aspects, Structure-Properties Relationship, and Nanocomposites for Ballistic Protection Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38399832 PMCID: PMC10893384 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents polyurea (PU) synthesis, the structure-properties relationship, and characterization aspects for ballistic protection applications. The synthesis of polyurea entails step-growth polymerization through the reaction of an isocyanate monomer/prepolymer and a polyamine, each component possessing a functionality of at least two. A wide range of excellent properties such as durability and high resistance against atmospheric, chemical, and biological factors has made this polymer an outstanding option for ballistic applications. Polyureas are an extraordinary case because they contain both rigid segments, which are due to the diisocyanates used and the hydrogen points formed, and a flexible zone, which is due to the chemical structure of the polyamines. These characteristics motivate their application in ballistic protection systems. Polyurea-based coatings have also demonstrated their abilities as candidates for impulsive loading applications, affording a better response of the nanocomposite-coated metal sheet at the action of a shock wave or at the impact of a projectile, by suffering lower deformations than neat metallic plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toader
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Aurel Diacon
- Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 George Coșbuc Boulevard, 050141 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.); (A.D.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sorin Mircea Axinte
- S.C. Daily Sourcing & Research SRL, 95-97 Calea Griviței, 010705 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Mocanu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Edina Rusen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica Bucharest, Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
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de Zwart FJ, Laan PCM, van Leeuwen NS, Bobylev EO, Amstalden van Hove ER, Mathew S, Yan N, Flapper J, van den Berg KJ, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. Isocyanate-Free Polyurea Synthesis via Ru-Catalyzed Carbene Insertion into the N–H Bonds of Urea. Macromolecules 2022; 55:9690-9696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus C. M. Laan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S. van Leeuwen
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard O. Bobylev
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erika R. Amstalden van Hove
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Environmental and Health, Free University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Yan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V., Rijksstraatweg 31, 2171 AJ Sassenheim, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Avaz Seven S, Oguz O, Menceloglu YZ, Atilgan C. Tuning Interaction Parameters of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes in a Binary Solvent To Achieve Precise Control over Microphase Separation. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1946-1956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Avaz Seven
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark, 34906 Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Oguz
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yusuf Ziya Menceloglu
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Teknopark, 34906 Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Atilgan
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pathak JA, Twigg JN, Nugent KE, Ho DL, Lin EK, Mott PH, Robertson CG, Vukmir MK, Epps TH, Roland CM. Structure Evolution in a Polyurea Segmented Block Copolymer Because of Mechanical Deformation. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8011009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Pathak
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - J. N. Twigg
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - K. E. Nugent
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - D. L. Ho
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - E. K. Lin
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - P. H. Mott
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - C. G. Robertson
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - M. K. Vukmir
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - T. H. Epps
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
| | - C. M. Roland
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444; Chemistry Division, Code 6120, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342; Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8541; Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain High-Performance Materials, Northboro, Massachusetts 01532-1545; and Chemical Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Colburn Laboratory, Newark,
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