Ambient Electrical Properties of Mica-Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites

Misturas NR/SBR: influência da ordem de adição dos aditivos da mistura e do tipo de carga sobre propriedades mecânicas

Neste trabalho foram preparadas misturas de borracha natural (NR) e copolímero de estireno-butadieno (SBR) na proporção 1:1 em massa. A sequência de adição dos aditivos e a influência de cargas, como negro de fumo e mica, foram avaliadas com relação a propriedades físico-mecânicas. As misturas, feitas em misturador aberto de rolos segundo a norma ASTM D 3182, foram realizadas de quatro modos diferentes para a incorporação dos aditivos. Os vulcanizados foram investigados com relação às propriedades reométricas, propriedades mecânicas de resistências à tração e ao rasgamento, dureza (shore A) e pela densidade de ligações cruzadas, de acordo a respectiva norma ASTM. Os resultados mostram que melhores desempenhos são obtidos quando os aditivos são primeiramente incorporados à SBR. Também foi verificada a superioridade do negro de fumo no aumento da maioria das propriedades mecânicas dos elastômeros, seja na composição com apenas uma das borrachas, seja nas composições com as duas borrachas misturadas.

Dodecyl Pyridinium/Alkali Metals Ion Exchange on Muscovite Mica

Model muscovite with high cation exchange capacity was prepared, the surface of which was saturated with a single species of alkali metal ions. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the exchange reaction of the 1-dodecylpyridinium ion (NDP+) with alkali metal ions onto that substrate were studied. The exchange rate depended on the type of alkali metal ions present on the surface because of their different affinities to mica. However, in all cases the reaction was fast at the beginning and about 50% of the ions were exchanged within one hour; then the reaction rate decreased and equilibrium was only reached after several hours. This was attributed to a rate-determining rearrangement step in which the alkyl chains rearrange to adopt a dense packing. The reactivity of the alkali metal ions was in the order Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+, Cs+, and in the case of K+, Rb+, and Cs+, equilibrium was only reached after 72 h. The lithium and sodium ions were exchanged almost quantitatively until a saturation value was nearly reached, while the K+, Rb+, and Cs+ exchange isotherms were less steep. The equilibrium constants (K) as well as the ion exchange capacity (S) were calculated by least-squares fits. Since K is infinite for quantitative exchange and decreases asymptotically upon deviation from this ideal behavior, the high K values (>10) of the NDP+/Li+ and Na+ exchange cannot be accurately determined. K ranges between 1 and 3 for the NDP+/K+, Rb+, and Cs+ exchange. The affinity of NDP+ to muscovite was similar or slightly higher than that of K+, Rb+, and Cs+, but was much higher than that of Li+ and Na+. The presence of oxonium ions in water did not strongly influence the exchange reaction on delaminated mica, as in the case of mica sheets, due to its high CEC. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.