Visual function and quality of life in pseudophakic patients before and after capsulotomy

Effect of mild posterior capsule opacification on visual outcomes in trifocal diffractive pseudophakic eyes: A multicenter prospective study

Purpose

To elucidate the impact of mild PCO on the visual outcomes in patients with hydrophilic trifocal IOLs, and to identify objective indicators that can assist in determining the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study. 189 patients implanted trifocal IOL who underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were recruited. Patients were classified into four grades according to PCO morphology. The distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity (VA), dysfunction lens index (DLI), contrast sensitivity (CS) and visual function (VF-14) scores were measured before and 1 month after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.

Results

Before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, a significant correlation was observed between PCO grading and uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), near (UNVA) visual acuity, corrected distance VA (CDVA), DLI, and VF-14 scores (All P ​< ​0.001). However, in patients with PCO grade 1 (mild), post-capsulotomy UNVA, DLI, medium and high spatial frequency CS under photopic condition and VF-14 scores were significantly improved compared with pre-capsulotomy values (all P ​< ​0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for DLI was 0.830 (P ​< ​0.001), with a corresponding cut-off value of 7.225, indicating its usefulness in assessing the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in cases of mild PCO.

Conclusions

Mild PCO initially impairs near visual acuity in patients with trifocal IOLs and concurrently diminishes both subjective and objective of visual quality. The DLI can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator to assess whether patients with mild PCO may benefit from Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.

Circ_0000099/miR-223-3p/CTGF Regulates the Growth, Metastasis, and EMT Processes in TGF-β2-Stimulated Human Lens Epithelial Cells

PURPOSE

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the major complication of visual impairment after cataract surgery. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and molecular mechanism of circ_0000099 in PCO.

METHODS

SRA01/04 cells were treated with TGF-β2 to establish a PCO cell model. The expression of circ_0000099, miR-223-3p, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to analyze the protein expression. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by (4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2 '-Deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell, and wound healing tests. The circ_0000099/miR-223-3p/CTGF relationship was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.

RESULTS

TGF-β2 treatment promoted SRA01/04 cell proliferation invasion, migration, and EMT. Circ_0000099 expression was increased in POC patients and TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells.Knockdown of circ_0000099 suppressed TGF-β2-induced proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT in SRA01/04 cells. miR-223-3p was identified as the target of circ_0000099, and miR-223-3p inhibitor might partly abolish the repression of circ_0000099 silencing on TGF-β2-triggered SRA01/04 cell disorders. MiR-223-3p directly targeted CTGF. Knockdown of CTGF suppressed TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cell injury. Circ_0000099 can regulate CTGF expression by targeting miR-223-3p.

CONCLUSIONS

Circ_0000099 silencing might relieve TGF-2-induced SRA01/04 cell injury by the miR-223-3p/CTGF axis, providing new avenues for the prevention and treatment of PCO.

Incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy following cataract surgery: a population-based nation-wide study - FreYAG1 study

RATIONALE

Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) capsulotomy (Nd:YAG-caps) is the gold standard for the treatment of PCO (Posterior Capsule Opacification). There is a lack of real-world data about Nd:YAG-caps use.

PURPOSE

This study's objectives were to estimate Nd:YAG-caps incidence in France, to describe the patient characteristics, and to analyze the time between surgeries and capsulotomies.

SETTING

The study was based on data extracted from the EGB database, a 1/97th sample representative of the French population.

DESIGN

observational, retrospective, cohort study using national claims data.

METHODS

French adult patients who underwent Nd:YAG-caps between 2014 and 2017 were selected. Main outcomes were the number of patients and procedures performed and the risk factors associated with early Nd:YAG-caps.

RESULTS

During the study period, Nd:YAG-caps were performed in 8,425 patients accounting for 10,774 procedures. The extrapolation to the French population led to estimate that 253.103 patients had Nd:YAG-caps, representing 312.103 procedures in 2017. The mean age at Nd:YAG-caps was 75.1 (± 10.2) years. About 36% of patients presented at least one ocular comorbidity. Nd:YAG-caps was performed within 2 years after surgery in 33.0% of patients and within one year in 9.8% of patients. Patients with Nd:YAG-caps within the first year (OR CI95 0.721 [0.673-0.772]) or in the first two years (OR CI95 0.721 [0.673-0.772]) were younger than patients with later Nd:YAG-caps and had a more frequent history of treated ocular diseases (OR 1.516 and 1.178, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

This study brought new real-world and large-scale data regarding Nd:YAG-caps use and gave an updated insight into the patients' characteristics.

Influence of the "Inverted U Method" Nd: YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy on Anterior Segment Parameters, Decentration and Tilt of Intraocular Lens in Patients after Phaco-vitrectomy

PURPOSE

To investigate the effects of the "inverted U method" Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on anterior segment parameters, decentration and tilt of intraocular lens (IOLs) and visual acuity in posterior capsular opacification (PCO) patients after combined phaco-vitrectomy.

METHODS

Seventy-six patients (76 eyes) were enrolled in this study, who were diagnosed as PCO and underwent "inverted U method" Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. All patients had undergone previous combined phaco-vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The parameters including IOL decentration, angle of IOL tilt, anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry, pupil size, axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive status, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), objective scattering index (OSI) and Chinese version of Visual Function 14 (VF-14) index were obtained before and 3 months after capsulotomy.

RESULTS

After capsulotomy, the tilt angle and decentration of the IOLs at both vertical (tilt: p = .004, decentration: p = .029) and horizontal meridian (tilt: p = .001, decentration: p = .017) were significantly decreased, ACA increased (p = .015), CDVA (p = .000), VF-14 score (p = .000) and OSI (p = .000) were significantly improved. There were a significant decrease in cylindrical error (p = .001) and a myopic shift in spherical error (p = .001) after the capsulotomy. No significant differences in ACD, ACV, CCT, keratometry, pupil size, AL and IOP were detected (p > .05 for all).

CONCLUSION

The "inverted U method" Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy decreases tilt and decentration of the IOL, increases ACA and causes no change in ACD, ACV, CCT and IOP in patients after phaco-vitrectomy. These changes make a decrease in cylindrical error and a myopic shift in spherical error. Laser capsulotomy significantly improves visual acuity.

Utility of the optical quality analysis system for decision-making in Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in patients with light posterior capsule opacity

Background

A prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate whether the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS) can serve as a valuable additional indicator for appropriate posterior capsulotomy referral.

Methods

One hundred and five eyes from 96 patients undergoing capsulotomy were divided into precapsulotomy logMAR CDVA ≤0.1 group and logMAR CDVA > 0.1 group. CDVA, and the Visual Function 14 index (VF-14) score were estimated before and 1 month after capsulotomy. The objective scattering index (OSI) value was measured by using the OQAS. Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) severity was assessed with Evaluation of PCO 2000 (EPCO 2000) software.

Results

In logMAR CDVA > 0.1 group, the correlations of OSI, logMAR CDVA, EPCO score and VF-14 score were very strong preoperatively. In logMAR CDVA ≤0.1 group, preoperatively, OSI was correlated with logMAR CDVA (r = 0.451), EPCO score (r = 0.789), and VF-14 score (r = 0.852). LogMAR CDVA has weak correlation with VF-14 score (r = − 0.384) and EPCO score (r = 0.566). VF-14 score was correlated with EPCO score (r = − 0.669). In the logMAR CDVA ≤0.1 group, there was no significant difference in logMAR CDVA between precapsulotomy and postcapsulotomy (P > 0.05). In the two groups, all the other optical quality parameters were significantly improved after capsulotomy (P < 0.05). In logMAR CDVA > 0.1 group, the area under the curve of the ROC of the OSI was 0.996 (P = 0.000). In logMAR CDVA ≤0.1 group, the area under the curve of the ROC of the OSI was 0.943 (P = 0.000).

Conclusions

The OSI was useful for evaluating of PCO and prediction of beneficial capsulotomy. Especially for patients with slight PCO and better visual acuity, OSI is more valuable than CDVA and completely objective examination.

Trial registration

The study protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Register: ChiCTR1800018842 (Registered Date: October 13th, 2018).

Evaluation of a Novel Quality of Life Scale for Schoolchildren with Nonstrabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies

BACKGROUND

The professional Quality of Life Scale (QLS) can provide a valuable reference for the diagnosis of visual function anomalies. In the present study, we aimed to design a novel QLS to specially quantify the life quality of schoolchildren with nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVAs) in China.

METHODS

The novel QLS, named QOL-CVF20, was established based on classical vision-related scales and the administration of the questionnaire to 116 schoolchildren with NSBVAs and 100 healthy schoolchildren in China. The diagnostic reference value between QOL-CVF20 and VF-14 was evaluated on the questionnaires to 240 schoolchildren with NSBVAs and 238 healthy schoolchildren.

RESULTS

All the subjects could complete the QOL-CVF20 questionnaires independently. QOL-CVF20 had good structural validity, content validity, and discriminant validity, when it was applied in Chinese schoolchildren. The average score of the NSBVA group was significantly lower than that of the control group (49.0 ± 6.9 vs. 69.7 ± 6.7, respectively; P < 0.01). Moreover, the average score of cured NSBVA schoolchildren after treatment (61.8 ± 22.6) was significantly improved (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that QOL-CVF20 reflected strong separation between the NSBVA and healthy groups (AUC = 0.901). Meanwhile, QOL-CVF20 could detect individuals with NSBVAs with specificity of 0.847 and sensitivity of 0.846. The critical value of 58.50 in QOL-CVF20 could be effectively applied for quality of life assessment in schoolchildren with NSBVAs.

CONCLUSIONS

QOL-CVF20 could quantify the life quality of schoolchildren with NSBVAs and might be served as a valuable reference for early diagnosis and clinical evaluation of NSBVAs.

Glistenings, anterior/posterior capsular opacification and incidence of Nd:YAG laser treatments with two aspheric hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses - a long-term intra-individual study

PURPOSE

To compare two hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) regarding long-term anterior/posterior capsular opacification (ACO/PCO) development and need for neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment due to visually disturbing PCO, and to study development of glistenings in the IOL materials.

METHODS

In a prospective, randomized, intra-individual, comparative trial, 50 cataract patients received either an AcrySof IQ^® SN60WF (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) or a Tecnis^® ZCB00 (Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA, USA) IOL in the first operated eye, and the second eye received the IOL type not implanted in the first eye. Anterior/posterior capsular opacification (ACO/PCO) and fibrosis were monitored with slit-lamp photography and semi-automated digital analysis 2 and 3 years postoperatively. Glistenings were semi-quantitatively assessed in slit-lamp photographs. Nd:YAG laser treatment for visually disturbing PCO was monitored.

RESULTS

Visual outcomes were similar for the two IOLs. Anterior capsular fibrosis and/or opacification developed more often in SN60WF eyes. Mean PCO area percentage was larger in ZCB00 eyes 3 years after surgery, but severity score did not differ with statistical significance between the two IOLs. Six ZCB00 eyes and 2 SN60WF eyes underwent Nd:YAG laser treatment during a mean of 4 years 8 months after surgery. This difference was not statistically significant. A high amount of glistenings developed in most SN60WF IOLs, while only few ZCB00 IOLs displayed a low degree of glistenings.

CONCLUSION

Visual outcomes, PCO development over time and need for Nd:YAG laser treatment were similar for the two IOLs. Anterior capsule fibrosis/contraction and glistenings were more pronounced with the SN60WF IOL.

Comparison of pseudophakic retinal straylight in spherical/aspherical and hydrophobic/hydrophilic intraocular lens

AIM

To study the potential reasons of increased straylight in pseudophakic eyes.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study. Seventy patients diagnosed as bilateral age-related cataract and implanted with Tecnis ZA9003, Sensar AR40e, SA60AT, XLSTABI ZO or Akeros AO intraocular lens (IOL) were enrolled in this research. Straylight was measured by a C-Quant straylight meter three to four weeks postoperatively. Five different modalities of IOL, including spherical/aspherical optics and hydrophobic/hydrophilic material were tested in this study. Normal as well as dilated pupils were used. The main outcome variable for straylight measurement was the logarithmic straylight parameter, log(s).

RESULTS

The straylight parameter increased significantly after pupil dilation (P<0.05). Straylight of aspherical IOL was significantly higher after pupil dilation (P<0.05) compared to spherical IOL. In normal pupil, straylight of hydrophobic IOL was significant higher when compared with hydrophilic IOL (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Straylight and visual acuity stand for the different aspects of visual function. Several factors including pupil diameter, optic material, aspherical design of IOL influence intraocular light scattering in pseudophakic eyes. Further investigation was needed to study the impact of optic material and optic surface design on pseudophakic straylight.

The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of second-eye cataract surgery: a systematic review and economic evaluation

BACKGROUND

Elective cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the NHS. In bilateral cataracts, the eye with greatest vision impairment from cataract is operated on first. First-eye surgery can improve vision and quality of life. However, it is unclear whether or not cataract surgery on the second eye provides enough incremental benefit to be considered clinically effective and cost-effective.

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a systematic review of clinical effectiveness and analysis of cost-effectiveness of second-eye cataract surgery in England and Wales, based on an economic model informed by systematic reviews of cost-effectiveness and quality of life.

DATA SOURCES

Twelve electronic bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases were searched from database inception to April 2013, with searches updated in July 2013. Reference lists of relevant publications were also checked and experts consulted.

REVIEW METHODS

Two reviewers independently screened references, extracted and checked data from the included studies and appraised their risk of bias. Based on the review of cost-effectiveness, a de novo economic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of second-eye surgery in bilateral cataract patients. The model is based on changes in quality of life following second-eye surgery and includes post-surgical complications.

RESULTS

Three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of clinical effectiveness, three studies of cost-effectiveness and 10 studies of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic reviews and, where possible, were used to inform the economic analysis. Heterogeneity of studies precluded meta-analyses, and instead data were synthesised narratively. The RCTs assessed visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and several measures of HRQoL. Improvements in binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were small and unlikely to be of clinical significance, but stereopsis was improved to a clinically meaningful extent following second-eye surgery. Studies did not provide evidence that second-eye surgery significantly affected HRQoL, apart from an improvement in the mental health component of HRQoL in one RCT. In the model, second-eye surgery generated 0.68 incremental quality-adjusted life-years with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £1964. Model results were most sensitive to changes in the utility gain associated with second-eye surgery, but otherwise robust to changes in parameter values. The probability that second-eye surgery is cost-effective at willingness-to-pay thresholds of £10,000 and £20,000 is 100%.

LIMITATIONS

Clinical effectiveness studies were all conducted more than 9 years ago. Patients had good vision pre surgery which may not represent all patients eligible for second-eye surgery. For some vision-related patient-reported outcomes and HRQoL measures, thresholds for determining important clinical effects are either unclear or have not been determined.

CONCLUSIONS

Second-eye cataract surgery is generally cost-effective based on the best available data and under most assumptions. However, more up-to-date data are needed. A well-conducted RCT that reflects current populations and enables the estimation of health state utility values would be appropriate. Guidance is required on which vision-related, patient-reported outcomes are suitable for assessing effects of cataract surgery in the NHS and how these measures should be interpreted clinically.

STUDY REGISTRATION

This project is registered as PROSPERO CRD42013004211.

FUNDING

This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

[Posterior capsule opacification, capsular bag distension syndrome, and anterior capsular phimosis: A retrospective cohort study]

OBJECTIVE

To determine the incidence and the risk factors involved in the development of the three main postoperative capsular complications: posterior capsule opacification (PCO), capsular bag distension syndrome (CBDS), and anterior capsular phimosis syndrome (ACP).

SUBJECTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 801 patients submitted to cataract surgery in the ophthalmology unit of Hospital del Henares (Madrid) from March 2, 2009 to February 28, 2010. Computerized clinical charts were reviewed during July 2012. PCO was studied using the Kaplan-Meier method (log rank test).

RESULTS

A total of 167 patients developed PCO. No association could be demonstrated between PCO and age, sex, diabetes mellitus, phaco technique, IOL model, tamsulosin intake, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Three patients developed CBDS, all of them have received and Akreos Adapt AO(®) (Bausch & Lomb). Two of them were young men who had received surgery for posterior subcapsular cataracts. Three patients developed ACP, 2 of whom had received a MicroSlim(®) IOL (PhysIOL).

CONCLUSIONS

No association was found between PCO and any of the studied variables. Male gender, young age, subcapsular cataract and large non-angulated lens such as Akreos Adapt AO(®) could be associated with CBDS. ACP could be more frequent when microincision IOLs (like MicroSlim(®)) are implanted.