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Seo S, Kim MK, Kim RI, Yeo Y, Kim KL, Suh W. Evogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, attenuates pathological retinal angiogenesis by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor-induced Arf6 activation. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1744-1753. [PMID: 33051573 PMCID: PMC8080693 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have shown that beyond their effect in lowing glucose, DPP-4 inhibitors mitigate DM-related microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy. However, the mechanism by which pathological retinal neovascularization, a major clinical manifestation of diabetic retinopathy, is inhibited is unclear. This study sought to examine the effects of evogliptin, a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, on pathological retinal neovascularization in mice and elucidate the mechanism by which evogliptin inhibits angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key factor in the vascular pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In a murine model of PDR, an intravitreal injection of evogliptin significantly suppressed aberrant retinal neovascularization. In human endothelial cells, evogliptin reduced VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Western blot analysis showed that evogliptin inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules associated with VEGF-induced cell adhesion and migration. Moreover, evogliptin substantially inhibited the VEGF-induced activation of adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small guanosine 5′-triphosphatase (GTPase) that regulates VEGF receptor 2 signal transduction. Direct activation of Arf6 using a chemical inhibitor of Arf-directed GTPase-activating protein completely abrogated the inhibitory effect of evogliptin on VEGF-induced activation of the angiogenic signaling pathway, which suggests that evogliptin suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenesis by blocking Arf6 activation. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the direct inhibitory effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor evogliptin on pathological retinal neovascularization. In addition to its glucose-lowering effect, the antiangiogenic effect of evogliptin could also render it beneficial for individuals with PDR. Pathological retinal angiogenesis, the damaging formation of new blood vessels in the retina, which is associated with various diseases including diabetes, could be reduced using the anti-diabetic drug evogliptin to inhibit the effects of a vascular growth factor. Researchers in South Korea led by Wonhee Suh and Koung Li Kim at Chung-Ang University in Seoul investigated the molecular mechanism underlying evogliptin’s effects. In studies using mice and cultured human cells they found that evogliptin inhibited the activation of signaling molecules that mediate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor. They also identified an enzyme in the signaling pathway that is directly inhibited by evogliptin. The results offer molecular level insights into the additional benefit gained from using evogliptin to treat diabetes, distinct from the drug’s established effects in lowering blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Seo
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, 17073, Korea
| | - Ryul-I Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Yeongju Yeo
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Koung Li Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
| | - Wonhee Suh
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
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Bulum T, Vučić Lovrenčić M, Tomić M, Vučković-Rebrina S, Roso V, Kolarić B, Vuksan V, Duvnjak L. Serum adipocytokines are associated with microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes and incipient chronic complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:496-499. [PMID: 30641752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have implicated possible contribution of adipocytokines in development and progression of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The aim of our study was to investigate relationship between adipocytokines, namely leptin, resistin, adiponectin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity, with albuminuria in T1DM. METHODS This study included 202 T1DM without or with incipient microvascular complications. Urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) was measured from at least two 24-h urine samples. Serum DPP-4 activity was measured by a colorimetric assay, and the level of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin was determined by the ELISA method. RESULTS Serum DPP-4 activity and adiponectin were significantly higher in patients with normoalbuminuria compared to patients with microalbuminuria (47 vs 36 U/L, and 10.9 vs 7.3 μg/mL, respectively, p ≤ 0.02). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adiponectin and serum DPP-4 activity were significantly associated with risk of microalbuminuria in our subjects (p ≤ 0.04), with odds ratios of 0.72-0.99. However, after adjustment for age, sex, HbA1c, duration of diabetes and BMI, only serum DPP-4 activity was significantly associated with risk of microalbuminuria (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that serum DPP-4 activity is lower in T1DM with microalbuminuria. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the relationship between serum DPP-4 activity and progression and development of albuminuria and nephropathy in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Bulum
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marijana Vučić Lovrenčić
- Clinical Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Research Unit, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tomić
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Vučković-Rebrina
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vinko Roso
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branko Kolarić
- Zagreb County Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Medical School, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lea Duvnjak
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Nath M, Halder N, Velpandian T. Circulating biomarkers in glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:191-197. [PMID: 28440247 PMCID: PMC5426123 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_866_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers to predict the altering physiological conditions over the period leading toward the ocular disorders are of major importance in therapeutics. Isolation and validation of the biomarkers specific to ocular diseases are a challenging task. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye where the correlation of biomarkers in circulating fluid may be made specific for the eye. However, conditions such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), circulating biomarkers might be having some degree of overlap with other conditions like cancer where a common factor such as angiogenesis is involved. Diabetes, a systemic disorder affecting the target organs such as eye, kidney, heart, and nervous system can be predicted using common circulating biomarkers. However, these markers need to be validated along with various stages of disease progression to enable the possibility of targeted pharmacological interventions apart from good glycemic control alone. This review compiles the attempts made to correlate such circulating biomarkers in the ocular conditions such as glaucoma, AMD, and DR in the search for a surrogate marker for diagnostic and prognostic value. To make biomarkers for the common convenience, genetic markers are excluded from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Nath
- Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Firneisz G, Zóka A. Elevation of serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity in type 1 diabetes: Potential explanations and implications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 127:291-292. [PMID: 27616644 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Firneisz
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University, Molecular Medicine Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Zóka
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Duvnjak L, Perković MN, Blaslov K. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity is associated with urine albumin excretion in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:218-222. [PMID: 27625045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The inability of kidneys to prevent urinary protein leakage represents the earliest sign of renal damage in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recent data suggest the possible nephroprotective role of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. We aimed to investigate whether serum DPP-4 activity is associated with urine albumin excretion (UAE) in patients with type 1 diabetes (type 1 DM). METHODS DPP-4 activity and UAE measurement were performed in 113 patients with type 1 DM and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within normal range. They were divided into three groups according to UAE tertiles. RESULTS Worse lipid profile and higher waist circumference were observed in the group with highest DPP-4 activity. Patients within lowest UAE tertile group had lowest DPP-4 activity value (p<0.001) compared to group within second and third tertile of UAE. DPP-4 activity correlated with systolic blood pressure (ρ=0.142; p=0.001), HbA1c (ρ=0.133; p=0.013) and UAE (ρ=0.349; p<0.001). In the linear regression analysis when DPP-4 activity was adjusted for age, gender, disease duration, HbA1c, waist circumference, the use of ACEI and hypolipemic agents the association remained significant; UAE increased for 8.136mg/24h by each increase of DPP-4 activity of 1U/L (p<0.008). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that serum DPP-4 activity is associated with albuminuria in type 1 diabetes. This arises the question whether the use of DPP-4 inhibitors might serve as an additional therapeutic strategy to prevent proteinuria in patients with DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Duvnjak
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perković
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Blaslov
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Osawa S, Kawamori D, Katakami N, Takahara M, Sakamoto F, Katsura T, Yasuda T, Kaneto H, Matsuhisa M, Matsuoka TA, Shimomura I. Significant elevation of serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity in young-adult type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 113:135-42. [PMID: 26827118 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Currently, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Application of this strategy is awaited as a new therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes, but the scientific basis is still lacking. This report describes the evaluation of serum DPP-4 activity in type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects, and assessment of relationships between DPP-4 activity and diabetic complication markers and metabolic variables in type 1 diabetes. METHODS We examined serum DPP-4 activity in Japanese young-adult type 1 diabetes (n=76, females 69.7%, age 30.9 ± 6.2 years, duration of diabetes 16.5 ± 11.1 years; mean ± SD) and healthy controls (n=22). Association of the enzymatic activity with diabetic micro- and macro- vascular complication markers and clinical parameters was also assessed. RESULTS Subjects with type 1 diabetes displayed significantly higher serum DPP-4 activity than healthy controls (relative value, control: 1.00 ± 0.28, T1D, 1.29 ± 0.38; p=0.0011) independent of other clinical parameters. In type 1 diabetes, DPP-4 activity was positively correlated with duration of diabetes (r=0.248, p=0.031), while not correlated with HbA1c level. In univariate correlation analysis of diabetic complication markers and other metabolic parameters, coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVR-R) and gamma (γ)-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were correlated with DPP-4 activity. GGT was extracted as an independent variable of DPP-4 activity in multivariate analysis (β=0.213, p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS Serum DPP-4 activity is significantly elevated in Japanese type 1 diabetes, suggesting pathophysiological significance of the enzyme in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Osawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dan Kawamori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Medical Education Center, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumie Sakamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Katsura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Jung E, Kim J, Kim CS, Kim SH, Cho MH. Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, inhibits retinal pericyte injury in db/db mice and retinal neovascularization in mice with ischemic retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2618-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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