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Chen Y, Xin Q, Zhu M, Qiu J, Luo Y, Li R, Wei W, Tu J. Exploring CAR-macrophages in non-tumor diseases: Therapeutic potential beyond cancer. J Adv Res 2025:S2090-1232(25)00004-9. [PMID: 39756574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After significant advancements in tumor treatment, personalized cell therapy based on chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) holds promise for transforming the management of various diseases. CAR-T therapy, the first approved CAR cell therapy product, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and fibrosis. CAR-macrophages (CAR-Ms) are emerging as a promising approach in CAR immune cell therapy, particularly for solid tumor treatment, highlighting the feasibility of using macrophages to eliminate pathogens and abnormal cells. AIM OF REVIEW This review summarizes the progress of CAR-M therapy in non-tumor diseases and discusses various CAR intracellular activation domain designs and their potential to optimize therapeutic effects by modulating interactions between cellular components in the tissue microenvironment and CAR-M. Additionally, we discuss the characteristics and advantages of CAR-M therapy compared to traditional medicine and CAR-T/NK therapy, as well as the challenges and prospects for the clinical translation of CAR-M. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review provides a comprehensive understanding of CAR-M for the treatment of non-tumor diseases, analyzes the advantages and characteristics of CAR-M therapy, and highlights the important impact of CAR intracellular domain design on therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the challenges and clinical translation prospects of developing CAR-M as a new cell therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianling Xin
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Abdominal Radiotherapy, Hubei Provincial Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ruilin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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