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Alem A, Abdu H, Temam AJ, Geto Z, Assefa EM, Bihonegn MD, Belete M, Abebe G, Abdu SM, Kassaw AB, Mankelkl G, Abebe MS, Tareke AA. Breast cancer survival in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rates and predictors. Cancer Causes Control 2025:10.1007/s10552-025-01982-9. [PMID: 40025318 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-025-01982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on breast cancer survival and factors affecting survival is crucial for evaluating treatment effectiveness and formulating breast cancer control strategies. Although original research has been conducted on the survival rate of breast cancer patients and their determinants in Ethiopia, there is a shortage of comprehensive scientific evidence. The present study systematically reviewed literature on the survival rate of breast cancer patients and the predictors of survival in Ethiopia. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, HINARI, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar databases up to August 26, 2024. Without any design restrictions, studies on breast cancer patients that measured survival at different time points in Ethiopia were included. The results are summarized in a table, the survival rates are pooled, and risk factors are narratively synthesized. To assess the risk of bias, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was utilized. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. Potential publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. To examine robustness, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS The pooled survival rates in the first, second, third, fifth, and sixth years were 90%, 70%, 68%, 46%, and 44%, respectively. Advanced age, lower socioeconomic status, late clinical stage, delayed diagnosis, higher histological grade, metastasis, lymph node involvement, presence of comorbidity, tumor size, and estrogen receptor positive were factors that increased the risk of mortality in the included studies. CONCLUSION Survival rate of breast cancer patients in later time including fifth and sixth years was comparably lower than other countries. It is crucial to raise awareness about breast cancer screening, early diagnosis, and therapy initiation to increase the survival rate of breast cancer patients in Ethiopia. In addition, it is important to emphasize the risky population groups, which includes those with lower socioeconomic status and advanced clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addis Alem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Hussen Abdu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Juhar Temam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim Msaya Assefa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Derso Bihonegn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonin Belete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Abebe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Mohammed Abdu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Altaseb Beyene Kassaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Gosa Mankelkl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Shenkut Abebe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Abera Tareke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Alvarez-Padilla FJ, Flores-Nunez JL, Alvarez-Padilla JR, Gonzalez FJ, Oceguera-Villanueva A, Gutierrez-Quiroz BA. Breast segmentation in infrared thermography from characteristical inframammary shape. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 40:e3843. [PMID: 38963037 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Infrared thermography is gaining relevance in breast cancer assessment. For this purpose, breast segmentation in thermograms is an important task for performing automatic image analysis and detecting possible temperature changes that indicate the presence of malignancy. However, it is not a simple task since the breast limit borders, especially the top borders, often have low contrast, making it difficult to isolate the breast area. Several algorithms have been proposed for breast segmentation, but these highly depend on the contrast at the lower breast borders and on filtering algorithms to remove false edges. This work focuses on taking advantage of the distinctive inframammary shape to simplify the definition of the lower breast border, regardless of the contrast level, which indeed also provides a strong anatomical reference to support the definition of the poorly marked upper boundary of the breasts, which has been one of the major challenges in the literature. In order to demonstrate viability of the proposed technique for an automatic breast segmentation, we applied it to a database with 180 thermograms and compared their results with those reported by others in the literature. We found that our approach achieved a high performance, in terms of Intersection over Union of 0.934, even higher than that reported by artificial intelligence algorithms. The performance is invariant to breast sizes and thermal contrast of the images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge L Flores-Nunez
- Department of Translational Bioengineering, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Al-Shamsi HO, Alwbari A, Azribi F, Calaud F, Thuruthel S, Tirmazy SHH, Kullab S, Ostomane S, Abulkhair O. BRCA testing and management of BRCA-mutated early-stage breast cancer: a comprehensive statement by expert group from GCC region. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1358982. [PMID: 38725624 PMCID: PMC11080009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1358982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BReast CAncer (BRCA)1 and BRCA2 gene pathogenic variants account for most hereditary breast cancers (BC). Identification of BRCA mutations can significantly influence both prognosis and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, it enables the identification of individuals who are at heightened risk of developing BC due to inherited genetic mutations. Many developing countries rely on western guidelines for BRCA testing and BC management; however, there exist wide disparities in the prevalence of risk factors, availability of medical resources, and practice patterns. Guidelines tailored to specific regions can help mitigate healthcare variations, promote consistency in treatment, and aid healthcare providers in identifying effective therapies for improving patient outcomes. Hence, oncologists from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) congregated virtually in March 2023 and reviewed existing data on the epidemiology of BC, BRCA mutations, practices and challenges associated with BRCA testing and management of BRCA mutated early-stage BC in the GCC region. They also provided insights on the real-world diagnostic and treatment practices and challenges in the GCC region in the BRCA-mutated early-stage BC domain and suggested some variations to international guidelines to aid their uptake in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaid O. Al-Shamsi
- Burjeel Medical City, Burjeel Holding, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Gulf Cancer Society, Alsafa, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Alwbari
- Almoosa Specialist Hospital Cancer Center, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharif Kullab
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Shamsi HO, Abdelwahed N, Abyad A, Abu-Gheida I, Afrit M, Abu ElFuol T, Alasas R, Lababidi B, Dash P, Ahmad M, Dreier NW, ul Haq U, Joshua TLA, Otsmane S, Al-Nouri A, Al-Awadhi A, Tirmazy SH, Alterkait F, Elsabae S, Khan N, Albastaki NK, Sonawane Y, Jouda M, Perdawood F, Iqbal F, Jaafar H. Breast Cancer in the Arabian Gulf Countries. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5398. [PMID: 38001658 PMCID: PMC10670541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. In this literature review, we highlighted the incidence and trend of breast cancer in the GCC. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in breast cancer incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data on breast cancer risk factors in the GCC were limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50; an advanced stage at presentation; and a higher pathological grade. Additionally, it often exhibits more aggressive features such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity or the presence of triple-negative (TN) attributes, particularly among younger patients. Despite the growing body of literature on breast cancer in the GCC, data pertaining to survival rates are, regrettably, meager. Reports on breast cancer survival rates emanating from the GCC region are largely confined to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, predictive modeling reveals 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 97% and 89%, respectively, for the same period under scrutiny. These rates, when compared to Western counterparts such as Australia (89.5%) and Canada (88.2%), fall within the expected range. Conversely, Saudi Arabia reports a notably lower 5-year survival rate, standing at 72%. This disparity in survival rates underscores the need for further research directed toward elucidating risk factors and barriers that hinder early detection and screening. Additionally, there is a pressing need for expanded data reporting on survival outcomes within the GCC. In sum, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of breast cancer dynamics in this region is imperative to inform effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaid O. Al-Shamsi
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Abdelwahed
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amin Abyad
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ibrahim Abu-Gheida
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mehdi Afrit
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Tasneem Abu ElFuol
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Ryad Alasas
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Bilal Lababidi
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Prasanta Dash
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mudhasir Ahmad
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Norbert W. Dreier
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Urfan ul Haq
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Thanda Lucy Ann Joshua
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Sonia Otsmane
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anwar Al-Nouri
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait; (A.A.-N.); (F.A.)
| | - Aydah Al-Awadhi
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | | | - Faisal Alterkait
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait; (A.A.-N.); (F.A.)
| | - Shimaa Elsabae
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Nyla Khan
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Nehad Kazim Albastaki
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Yoginee Sonawane
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohammed Jouda
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Frea Perdawood
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Faryal Iqbal
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Hassan Jaafar
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
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Azadnajafabad S, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Mohammadi E, Rezaei N, Rashidi MM, Rezaei N, Mokdad AH, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1132816. [PMID: 37593096 PMCID: PMC10431599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1132816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women globally. The North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region is coping hard with the burden of BC. We aimed to present the latest epidemiology of BC and its risk factors in this region. METHODS We retrieved the data on BC burden and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to describe BC status in the 21 countries of the NAME region from 1990 to 2019. We explored BC incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable burden to seven risk factors of female BC, namely, alcohol use, diet high in red meat, low physical activity, smoking, secondhand smoke, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose. Decomposition analysis on BC incidence trend was done to find out the contributing factors to this cancer's growth. RESULTS In 2019, there were 835,576 (95% uncertainty interval: 741,968 to 944,851) female and 10,938 (9,030 to 13,256) male prevalent cases of BC in the NAME region. This number leads to 35,405 (30,676 to 40,571) deaths among female patients and 809 (654 to 1,002) deaths in male patients this year. BC was responsible for 1,222,835 (1,053,073 to 1,411,009) DALYs among female patients in 2019, with a greater proportion (94.9%) of burden in years of life lost (YLLs). The major contributor to female BC incidence increase in the past three decades was found to be increase in age-specific incidence rates of BC (227.5%), compared to population growth (73.8%) and aging (81.8%). The behavioral risk factors were responsible for majority of attributable female BC burden (DALYs: 106,026 [66,614 to 144,247]). High fasting plasma glucose was found to be the risk factor with the largest effect (DALYs: 84,912 [17,377 to 192,838]) on female BC burden. CONCLUSION The increasing incidence and burden of BC in the NAME region is remarkable, especially when considering limited resources in the developing countries of this region. Proper policies like expanding screening programs and careful resource management are needed to effectively manage BC burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H. Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. L. Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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ALEMZADEH EFFAT, ALLAHQOLI LEILA, DEHGHAN HAMIDEH, MAZIDIMORADI AFROOZ, GHASEMPOUR ALIREZA, SALEHINIYA HAMID. Circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Oncol Res 2023; 31:667-675. [PMID: 37547763 PMCID: PMC10398400 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.028406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, including both circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA, is becoming more popular as a diagnostic tool in the clinical management of breast cancer. Elevated concentrations of these biomarkers during cancer treatment may be used as markers for cancer progression as well as to understand the mechanisms underlying metastasis and treatment resistance. Thus, these circulating markers serve as tools for cancer assessing and monitoring through a simple, non-invasive blood draw. However, despite several study results currently noting a potential clinical impact of ctDNA mutation tracking, the method is not used clinically in cancer diagnosis among patients and more studies are required to confirm it. This review focuses on understanding circulating tumor biomarkers, especially in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- EFFAT ALEMZADEH
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 9717853577, Iran
| | - LEILA ALLAHQOLI
- Midwifery Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, 9413933336, Iran
| | - HAMIDEH DEHGHAN
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 9717853577, Iran
| | - AFROOZ MAZIDIMORADI
- Department of Health Assistant, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134814336, Iran
| | - ALIREZA GHASEMPOUR
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 9717853577, Iran
| | - HAMID SALEHINIYA
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 32048321, Iran
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Chokoev A, Akhunbaev S, Kudaibergenova I, Soodonbekov E, Nurtazinova G, Telmanova Z, Makimbetov E, Igissinov N. Evaluation of the Dynamics of Breast Cancer Incidence in Kyrgyzstan: Component Analysis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2020, 19.2 million cases of all types of cancer were registered worldwide, of which 11.7%, that is, 2.3 million, related to breast cancer (BC). The global burden of cancer is increasing worldwide, with the majority of new cancer cases and related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
OBJECTIVE: The study is to conduct a component analysis of the dynamics of the incidence of BC in Kyrgyzstan.
METHODS: Primary data were for registered patients with BC (International Classification of Diseases – C50) in the whole country during the period of 2003–2017. Evaluation of changes in BC incidence in the population of Kyrgyzstan was performed using component analysis according to the methodological recommendations.
RESULTS: The study period, 7850 new cases of BC were recorded. The incidence rate increased from 17.70°/0000 (2003) to 19.03°/0000 in 2017 and the overall growth was 1.34°/0000, including due to the age structure – ΣΔA=2.08°/0000, due to the risk of acquiring illness – ΣΔR=−0.55°/0000 and their combined effect – ΣΔRA=−0.19°/0000. The component analysis revealed that the increase in the number of patients with BC was mainly due to the growth of the population (ΔP=+71.8%), changes in its age structure (ΔA=+35.5%), and changes associated with the risk of acquiring illness (ΔR=+8.4%). The increase and, in some cases, the decrease in the number of patients in the regions of the republic is due to the influence of demographic factors and risk factors for getting sick.
CONCLUSION: The component analysis assessed the role of the influence of demographic factors and the risk of acquiring the disease on the formation of the number of patients and the incidence of BC, while geographical variability was established. The implementation of the results of this study is recommended in the management of anticancer measures for BC.
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Wambua MD, Degu A, Tegegne GT. Treatment outcomes and its associated factors among breast cancer patients at Kitui Referral Hospital. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121211067857. [PMID: 35024144 PMCID: PMC8744162 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211067857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Despite breast cancer treatment outcomes being relatively poor or
heterogeneous among breast cancer patients, there was a paucity of data in
the African settings, especially in Kenya. Hence, this study aimed to
determine treatment outcomes among breast cancer patients at Kitui Referral
Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study design was conducted among adult
patients with breast cancer. All eligible breast cancer patients undergoing
treatment from January 2015 to June 2020 in the study setting were included.
Hence, a total of 116 breast cancer patients’ medical records were involved
in the study. Patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed using
a predesigned data abstraction tool. The data were entered, cleaned, and
analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 26
software. Descriptive analysis—such as percentage, frequency, mean, and
figures—was used to present the data. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was
used to estimate the mean survival estimate across different variables. A
Cox regression analysis was employed to determine factors associated with
mortality. Results: The study showed that the overall survival and mortality rate was 62.9% (73)
and 37.1% (43), respectively. The regression analysis showed that patients
who had an advanced stage of disease had a 3.82 times risk of dying (crude
hazard ratio= 3.82, 95% confidence interval = 1.5–9.8) than an early stage
of the disease. Besides, patients with distant metastasis had 4.4 times more
hazards of dying than (crude hazard ratio = 4.4, 95% confidence interval =
2.1–9.4) their counterparts. Conclusion: The treatment outcome of breast cancer patients was poor, and its overall
mortality among breast cancer patients was higher in the study setting. In
the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the tumor size was the only
statistically significant predictor of mortality among breast cancer
patients. Stakeholders at each stage should, therefore, prepare a relevant
strategy to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwendwa Dickson Wambua
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amsalu Degu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gobezie T Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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9
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Li C, Li H, Zhong H, Li X. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with survival outcomes in female breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105947. [PMID: 34214604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported on the association of blood vitamin D level with prognosis in women with breast cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and survival outcomes in female breast cancer patients. Two authors independently searched PubMed and Embase databases from their inception to August 25, 2020. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies evaluating the association between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and survival outcomes in women with breast cancer were included. Outcome measures included overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Twelve studies involving 8574 female breast cancer patients were identified and analyzed. When compared the lowest with the highest category of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, the pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.57 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.83) for OS, 1.98 (95 % CI 1.55-2.53) for DFS, and 1.44 (95 % CI 1.14-1.81) for BCSS. This meta-analysis indicates that lower blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is significantly associated with reduced survival among female breast cancer patients. Additional clinical trials are required to investigate whether vitamin D supplement can improve survival outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyang Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China; Xintai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xintai, Shandong, 271200, China
| | - Huijie Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiurong Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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Muddather HF, Elhassan MMA, Faggad A. Survival Outcomes of Breast Cancer in Sudanese Women: A Hospital-Based Study. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:324-332. [PMID: 33617296 PMCID: PMC8081542 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy among Sudanese women. Yet, data on survival are limited. This study aimed to determine 5-year overall survival (OS) of BC in Sudanese women, and identify prognostic demographic and clinicopathologic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted by reviewing data of women with BC diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute—University of Gezira during 2012, and followed up to end of August 2018. Data were retrieved from medical records and analyzed, OS was determined, and the prognostic factors were explored. RESULTS A total of 225 cases were recruited. The median age at presentation was 45 years (range, 22-85 years). Clinical stage I, II, III, and IV represented 3.1%, 31.6%, 48%, and 17.3%, respectively. Most women (81.3%) were treated with curative intent. Of those, 25.1% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mastectomy was the commonest (61.7%) type of surgery. The median follow-up period was 59.8 months with mean OS time of 55.7 months. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 58%. The 5-year OS rates for stages I, II, III, and IV were 71.5%, 82.4%, 56.5%, and 8.4%, respectively. For lymph node (LN)-positive cases, 5-year OS rate was 63% and for LN-negative was 83.5%. Presenting with advanced-stage disease and positive LN status associated with short OS times (P < .005). CONCLUSION OS of women with BC in Central Sudan is worse than in the developed world, but similar to African countries. Our findings indicate that advanced stage at diagnosis and lymph nodal involvement are strong predictors of short survival times. Raising awareness and introducing early detection programs are critical for better survival of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba F Muddather
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Moawia M A Elhassan
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute-University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Areeg Faggad
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute-University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Wad Medani, Sudan
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The prevalence, epidemiology and screening results of breast cancer in women of Guilan province, north of Iran: A cross-sectional study during 2017–2018. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Borhan A, Nozarian Z, Abdollahi A, Shahsiah R, Mohammadpour H, Borhan A. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Expression of Villin and Gelsolin Genes and Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Breast Cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:27-32. [PMID: 33391377 PMCID: PMC7691711 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.121532.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Nowadays, actin-binding proteins such as Villin and Gelsolin have been considered to be associated with aggressive tumors. This study mainly aims to determine the relationship between Gelsolin and Villin genes expression and metastasis of axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The included population consisted of 40 confirmed cases of female breast cancer (including 20 patients with breast cancer along with axillary lymph node metastasis and 20 patients without axillary lymph node metastasis). Expression of Villin and Gelsolin genes was evaluated using Real-time PCR and pre-designed primers. Results: The mean expression level of Villin in groups with and without axillary lymph node metastasis was 3.33±1.35 and 0.87±0.88, respectively (P<0.001). The mean Gelsolin expression levels in both groups (with and without axillary lymph node metastasis) were 4.13±2.40 and 1.00±0.35, respectively (P<0.001). The significant relationships were independent of individuals’ age. Conclusion: Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis may express significant higher level of Villin and Gelsolin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Borhan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Nozarian
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shahsiah
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Mohammadpour
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Borhan
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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