Nursing interventions and activities for patients with multiple traumas: An integrative review

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions and activities for patients with multiple traumas who have variations in physical mobility.

METHODS

We used integrative literature review following Whittemore and Knafl method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' guidelines and adopting the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Classification Medicine - Levels of Evidence. The data collection was carried out between October and December 2019 and updated in May 2022, in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed®, SciVerse Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science.

FINDINGS

There were 103 articles to be fully read and evaluated. From these, 34 publications were selected. Most nursing interventions and activities identified were placed in the NIC class Activity and Exercise Management in the Physiological: Basic domain, which has interventions to organize or to assist with physical activity, energy conservation, and expenditure; followed by Elimination Management (interventions to establish and maintain regular bowel and urinary elimination patterns and manage complications due to altered patterns); Immobility Management (interventions to manage restricted body movement and the sequelae); Nutrition Support (interventions to modify or maintain nutritional status); Physical Comfort Promotion (interventions to promote comfort using physical techniques); and Self-Care Facilitation (interventions to provide or assist with routine activities of daily living).

CONCLUSIONS

The interventions and nursing activities found in this research were not only related to the change in mobility in victims of multiple traumas but also aimed to prevent the consequences of immobility and to take care of already established conditions.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NURSING PRACTICE

This research enables the taxonomy's development and the validation of interventions for selected groups of patients. This allows the contribution to the development of the NIC-an important resource to improve nursing practice in teaching, research, and care.

Validação aparente e de conteúdo de escala de avaliação de Enfermagem para o paciente na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica

Objetivo: realizar a construção e a validação de conteúdo e aparente de uma escala de Avaliação de Enfermagem para o paciente na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. Método: estudo metodológico, com etapas de definição do conceito a ser mensurado, formulação dos itens do instrumento, desenvolvimento de instruções para os respondentes e teste de validade aparente e de conteúdo realizado entre os meses de dezembro de 2020 e março de 2021. Inicialmente, a escala foi dividida em três domínios, com dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico e 10 parâmetros a serem avaliados: temperatura corpórea, frequência cardíaca, respiração, pressão arterial sistólica, saturação periférica de oxigênio, consciência, mobilidade, dor, náusea e vômito e ferida operatória. Cada um dos parâmetros tem o escore mínimo de um (1) e máximo de quatro (4); assim, o escore total pode variar de 10 a 40 pontos. A validação foi realizada com 10 juízes doutores e com experiência na área de Enfermagem Perioperatória. A análise foi realizada por meio dos Índices de Validade de Conteúdo, com questionário contendo cinco possíveis respostas (discordo totalmente; discordo; não discordo e não concordo; concordo; concordo totalmente), além sugestões de forma descritiva. Resultados: após validação dos juízes, a escala permaneceu com o terceiro domínio, com os 10 parâmetros a serem avaliados. A validação obteve a média global de 89%, e nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados apresentou Índice de Validade de Conteúdo inferior a 80%. Conclusão: a escala proposta é um instrumento confiável e válido para avaliação do paciente na Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica.

Nursing outcomes for patients with multiple traumas and impaired physical mobility: An integrative review

PURPOSE

This research identifies nursing outcomes for patients with multiple traumas who present changes in physical mobility.

METHODS

This was a thorough literature review, following Whittemore and Knafl's method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses´ guidelines (2005) and adopting the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Classification Medicine-Levels of Evidence (2011). The literature search included databases from Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science. It was conducted between October and December 2019 and updated in April 2022.

FINDINGS

Upon our first analysis of the 254 articles that could correlate to the present study, we concluded that 15 of them are of foremost relevance. The nursing outcomes found are correlated with skin care, position in hospital bed, pressure injury prevention, self-care assistance to bath, intimate, and oral hygiene, pain control, circulatory precaution, and impaired physical mobility assistance. All of these outcomes are directly or indirectly involved with the consequences of mobility impairment.

CONCLUSIONS

The main nursing outcomes of our research identified for patients with multiple traumas were related to mobility, the consequences of immobility, self-care, and skin maintenance. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of measuring outcomes related to the provision of nursing care.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

The nursing outcomes classification provides results that can be used across the continuum of care to assess the patient's status after nursing interventions. It also allows for improved care for multiple trauma patients who have altered mobility, identifying the real needs of these patients.