1
|
Ramasamy R, Shekhtman A, Schmidt AM. RAGE/DIAPH1 and atherosclerosis through an evolving lens: Viewing the cell from the "Inside - Out". Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117304. [PMID: 39131441 PMCID: PMC11309734 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims In hyperglycemia, inflammation, oxidative stress and aging, Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) accumulate in conditions such as atherosclerosis. Binding of DAMPs to receptors such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activates signal transduction cascades that contribute to cellular stress. The cytoplasmic domain (tail) of RAGE (ctRAGE) binds to the formin Diaphanous1 (DIAPH1), which is important for RAGE signaling. This Review will detail the evidence linking the RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling pathway to atherosclerosis and envisages future therapeutic opportunities from the "inside-out" point of view in affected cells. Methods PubMed was searched using a variety of search terms, including "receptor for advanced glycation end products" along with various combinations including "and atherosclerosis," "soluble RAGE and atherosclerosis," "statins and RAGE," "PPAR and RAGE" and "SGLT2 inhibitor and RAGE." Results In non-diabetic and diabetic mice, antagonism or global deletion of Ager (the gene encoding RAGE) retards progression and accelerates regression of atherosclerosis. Global deletion of Diaph1 in mice devoid of the low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) significantly attenuates atherosclerosis; mice devoid of both Diaph1 and Ldlr display significantly lower plasma and liver concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride compared to mice devoid of Ldlr. Associations between RAGE pathway and human atherosclerosis have been identified based on relationships between plasma/serum concentrations of RAGE ligands, soluble RAGEs and atherosclerosis. Conclusions Efforts to target RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling through a small molecule antagonist therapeutic strategy hold promise to quell accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes and in other forms of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klonoff DC, Aaron RE, Tian T, DuNova AY, Pandey A, Rhee C, Fleming GA, Sacks DB, Pop-Busui R, Kerr D. Advanced Glycation Endproducts: A Marker of Long-term Exposure to Glycemia. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024:19322968241240436. [PMID: 38525944 DOI: 10.1177/19322968241240436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This article examines the importance of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and summarizes the structure of AGEs, pathological changes associated with AGEs, the contribution of AGEs to metabolic memory, and the value of AGEs as a predictor of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease in people with and without diabetes. As a practical focus, skin autofluorescence (SAF) is examined as an attractive approach for estimating AGE burden. The measurement of AGEs may be of significant value to specific individuals and groups, including Black and Hispanic/Latino Americans, as they appear to have higher concentrations of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) than would be predicted by other metrics of mean glycemia. We hypothesize that if the amount of glycation of HbA1c is greater than expected from measured glucose levels, and if AGEs are accumulating, then this accumulation of AGEs might account for the increased rate of complications of diabetes in populations with high rates of vascular disease and other complications. Thus, identifying and modifying the burden of AGEs based on measurement of AGEs by SAF may turn out to be a worthwhile metric to determine individuals who are at high risk for the complications of diabetes as well as others without diabetes at risk of vascular disease. We conclude that available evidence supports SAF as both a clinical measurement and as a means of evaluating interventions aimed at reducing the risks of vascular disease and diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Klonoff
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Tian
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | - Ambarish Pandey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Connie Rhee
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Kerr
- Sutter Health Center for Health Systems Research, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Jin Z, Wang X, Jakoš T, Zhu J, Yuan Y. RAGE pathways play an important role in regulation of organ fibrosis. Life Sci 2023; 323:121713. [PMID: 37088412 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is a pathological process of fibroblast activation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix after persistent tissue injury and therefore is a common endpoint of many organ pathologies. Multiple cellular types and soluble mediators, including chemokines, cytokines and non-peptidic factors, are implicated in fibrogenesis and the remodeling of tissue architecture. The molecular basis of the fibrotic process is complex and consists of closely intertwined signaling networks. Research has strived for a better understanding of these pathological mechanisms to potentially reveal novel therapeutic targets for fibrotic diseases. In light of new knowledge, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) emerged as an important candidate for the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions related to fibrosis, including inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor that binds a broad range of ligands such as advanced glycation end products, high mobility group box-1, S-100 calcium-binding protein and amyloid beta protein. Although the link between RAGE and fibrosis has been established, the exact mechanisms need be investigated in further studies. The aim of this review is to collect all available information about the intricate function of RAGE and its signaling cascades in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases within different organs. In addition, to the major ligands and signaling pathways, we discuss potential strategies for targeting RAGE in fibrosis. We emphasize the functional links between RAGE, inflammation and fibrosis that may guide further studies and the development of improved therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Zhedong Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Tanja Jakoš
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Yunsheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arivazhagan L, López-Díez R, Shekhtman A, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Glycation and a Spark of ALEs (Advanced Lipoxidation End Products) - Igniting RAGE/Diaphanous-1 and Cardiometabolic Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:937071. [PMID: 35811725 PMCID: PMC9263181 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.937071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are on the rise world-wide; despite fervent advocacy for healthier diets and enhanced physical activity, these disorders persist unabated and, long-term, are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Numerous fundamental biochemical and molecular pathways participate in these events at incipient, mid- and advanced stages during atherogenesis and impaired regression of established atherosclerosis. It is proposed that upon the consumption of high fat/high sugar diets, the production of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligands, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), contribute to the development of foam cells, endothelial injury, vascular inflammation, and, ultimately, atherosclerosis and its consequences. RAGE/Diaphanous-1 (DIAPH1) increases macrophage foam cell formation; decreases cholesterol efflux and causes foam cells to produce and release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) molecules, which are also ligands of RAGE. DAMPs stimulate upregulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) in macrophages, which exacerbates vascular inflammation and further perturbs cholesterol metabolism. Obesity and NAFLD, characterized by the upregulation of AGEs, ALEs and DAMPs in the target tissues, contribute to insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and type two diabetes. Once in motion, a vicious cycle of RAGE ligand production and exacerbation of RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling ensues, which, if left unchecked, augments cardiometabolic disease and its consequences. This Review focuses on RAGE/DIAPH1 and its role in perturbation of metabolism and processes that converge to augur cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Ann Marie Schmidt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dongliang Y, Yang R, Peng S, Deng J, Huo Y, Deng Z, Yau Y, Liu J, Liao D, Cheng C. Guanxin Xiaoban capsules could treat atherosclerosis by affecting the gut microbiome and inhibiting the AGE-RAGE signalling pathway. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35580023 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disorder in which plaque builds up in the arteries and is associated with several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, cerebral infarction and cerebral haemorrhage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new medications to treat or prevent atherosclerosis.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The active components of Guanxin Xiaoban capsules may have an effect on the gut microbiome of patients with atherosclerosis and have a role in their therapeutic targets.Aim. The aim of this study was to identify genes and pathways targeted by active ingredients in Guanxin Xiaoban capsules for the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and analysis of changes to the gut microbiome.Methods. Mice were treated with Guanxin Xiaoban capsules. The 16S rDNA genome sequence of all microorganisms from each group of faecal samples was used to evaluate potential structural changes in the gut microbiota after treatment with Guanxin Xiaoban capsules. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect gene targets in aortic and liver tissues. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe improvements in mouse arterial plaques.Results. The gut microbiota of atherosclerotic mice is disturbed. After Guanxin Xiaoban treatment, the abundance of bacteria in the mice improved, with an increase in the proportion of Akkermansia and a significant decrease in the proportion of Faecalibaculum. The main ingredients of Guanxin Xiaoban capsules are calycosin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, ammonium glycyrrhizate, aloe emodin, rhein and emodin. The core genes of this network were determined to be glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The compound-target gene network revealed an interaction between multiple components and targets and contributed to a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of the capsules on atherosclerosis. In addition, expression of the AGE-receptor for the AGE (RAGE) pathway was significantly inhibited and the mice showed signs of arterial plaque reduction. Guanxin Xiaoban capsules may improve atherosclerosis and reduce the plaque area by inhibiting the AGE-RAGE signalling pathway to delay the development of atherosclerosis. This mechanism appears to involve changes in the gut microbiota. Therefore, Guanxin Xiaoban capsules have potential value as a treatment for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Dongliang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Rong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yanjie Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhe Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yuenming Yau
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Choufu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Impact of Uremic Toxins on Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010531. [PMID: 35008960 PMCID: PMC8745705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a highly increased risk of cardiovascular complications, with increased vascular inflammation, accelerated atherogenesis and enhanced thrombotic risk. Considering the central role of the endothelium in protecting from atherogenesis and thrombosis, as well as its cardioprotective role in regulating vasorelaxation, this study aimed to systematically integrate literature on CKD-associated endothelial dysfunction, including the underlying molecular mechanisms, into a comprehensive overview. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of literature describing uremic serum or uremic toxin-induced vascular dysfunction with a special focus on the endothelium. This revealed 39 studies analyzing the effects of uremic serum or the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, cyanate, modified LDL, the advanced glycation end products N-carboxymethyl-lysine and N-carboxyethyl-lysine, p-cresol and p-cresyl sulfate, phosphate, uric acid and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Most studies described an increase in inflammation, oxidative stress, leukocyte migration and adhesion, cell death and a thrombotic phenotype upon uremic conditions or uremic toxin treatment of endothelial cells. Cellular signaling pathways that were frequently activated included the ROS, MAPK/NF-κB, the Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Receptor and RAGE pathways. Overall, this review provides detailed insights into pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in CKD. Targeting these pathways may provide new therapeutic strategies reducing increased the cardiovascular risk in CKD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dozio E, Massaccesi L, Corsi Romanelli MM. Glycation and Glycosylation in Cardiovascular Remodeling: Focus on Advanced Glycation End Products and O-Linked Glycosylations as Glucose-Related Pathogenetic Factors and Disease Markers. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204792. [PMID: 34682915 PMCID: PMC8539574 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation and glycosylation are non-enzymatic and enzymatic reactions, respectively, of glucose, glucose metabolites, and other reducing sugars with different substrates, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Increased availability of glucose is a recognized risk factor for the onset and progression of diabetes-mellitus-associated disorders, among which cardiovascular diseases have a great impact on patient mortality. Both advanced glycation end products, the result of non-enzymatic glycation of substrates, and O-linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation, a glycosylation reaction that is controlled by O-N-AcetylGlucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), have been shown to play a role in cardiovascular remodeling. In this review, we aim (1) to summarize the most recent data regarding the role of glycation and O-linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation as glucose-related pathogenetic factors and disease markers in cardiovascular remodeling, and (2) to discuss potential common mechanisms linking these pathways to the dysregulation and/or loss of function of different biomolecules involved in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dozio
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50-315-342
| | - Luca Massaccesi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (M.M.C.R.)
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (M.M.C.R.)
- Service of Laboratory Medicine1-Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|