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Khodayari Moez E, Warkentin MT, Brhane Y, Lam S, Field JK, Liu G, Zulueta JJ, Valencia K, Mesa-Guzman M, Nialet AP, Atkar-Khattra S, Davies MPA, Grant B, Murison K, Montuenga LM, Amos CI, Robbins HA, Johansson M, Hung RJ. Circulating proteome for pulmonary nodule malignancy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1060-1070. [PMID: 37369027 PMCID: PMC10483334 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography is rolling out in many areas of the world, differentiating indeterminate pulmonary nodules remains a major challenge. We conducted one of the first systematic investigations of circulating protein markers to differentiate malignant from benign screen-detected pulmonary nodules. METHODS Based on 4 international low-dose computed tomography screening studies, we assayed 1078 protein markers using prediagnostic blood samples from 1253 participants based on a nested case-control design. Protein markers were measured using proximity extension assays, and data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, random forest, and penalized regressions. Protein burden scores (PBSs) for overall nodule malignancy and imminent tumors were estimated. RESULTS We identified 36 potentially informative circulating protein markers differentiating malignant from benign nodules, representing a tightly connected biological network. Ten markers were found to be particularly relevant for imminent lung cancer diagnoses within 1 year. Increases in PBSs for overall nodule malignancy and imminent tumors by 1 standard deviation were associated with odds ratios of 2.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.95 to 2.72) and 2.81 (95% confidence interval: 2.27 to 3.54) for nodule malignancy overall and within 1 year of diagnosis, respectively. Both PBSs for overall nodule malignancy and for imminent tumors were substantially higher for those with malignant nodules than for those with benign nodules, even when limited to Lung Computed Tomography Screening Reporting and Data System (LungRADS) category 4 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Circulating protein markers can help differentiate malignant from benign pulmonary nodules. Validation with an independent computed tomographic screening study will be required before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khodayari Moez
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew T Warkentin
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John K Field
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Javier J Zulueta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karmele Valencia
- Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Schools of Sciences and Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Mesa-Guzman
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andrea Pasquier Nialet
- Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Schools of Sciences and Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Michael P A Davies
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin Grant
- Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kiera Murison
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Center of Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Schools of Sciences and Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jaramillo-Rangel G, Chávez-Briones MDL, Ancer-Arellano A, Miranda-Maldonado I, Ortega-Martínez M. Back to the Basics: Usefulness of Naturally Aged Mouse Models and Immunohistochemical and Quantitative Morphologic Methods in Studying Mechanisms of Lung Aging and Associated Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2075. [PMID: 37509714 PMCID: PMC10377355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-related molecular and cellular alterations in the lung contribute to an increased susceptibility of the elderly to devastating diseases. Although the study of the aging process in the lung may benefit from the use of genetically modified mouse models and omics techniques, these approaches are still not available to most researchers and produce complex results. In this article, we review works that used naturally aged mouse models, together with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative morphologic (QM) methods in the study of the mechanisms of the aging process in the lung and its most commonly associated disorders: cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and infectious diseases. The advantage of using naturally aged mice is that they present characteristics similar to those observed in human aging. The advantage of using IHC and QM methods lies in their simplicity, economic accessibility, and easy interpretation, in addition to the fact that they provide extremely important information. The study of the aging process in the lung and its associated diseases could allow the design of appropriate therapeutic strategies, which is extremely important considering that life expectancy and the number of elderly people continue to increase considerably worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Jaramillo-Rangel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Ancer-Arellano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Ivett Miranda-Maldonado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Marta Ortega-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
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Kimura S, Yokoyama S, Pilon AL, Kurotani R. Emerging role of an immunomodulatory protein secretoglobin 3A2 in human diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108112. [PMID: 35016921 PMCID: PMC9271138 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 was first identified in 2001 as a protein exhibiting similarities in amino acid sequence and gene structure to SCGB1A1, a multi-functional cytokine-like molecule highly expressed in airway epithelial Club cells that was the first identified and extensively studied member of the SCGB gene superfamily. SCGB3A2 is a small secretory protein of ~10 kDa that forms a dimer and a tetramer. SCGB3A2 is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial Club cells, and has anti-inflammatory, growth factor, anti-fibrotic, and anti-cancer activities that influence various lung diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of SCGB3A2 biological functions and its role in human diseases with emphasis on its mechanisms of actions and signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Reiko Kurotani
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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Integrative RNA-Seq and H3 Trimethylation ChIP-Seq Analysis of Human Lung Cancer Cells Isolated by Laser-Microdissection. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071719. [PMID: 33916417 PMCID: PMC8038546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tissue heterogeneity is one of the major problems in cancer genomics. Thus, we developed and conducted an RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq integrative analysis of clinical lung tissue samples with the isolation of specific cell populations using laser-microdissection microscopy (LMD). The transcriptomic profile was successfully captured and somatically altered regions marked by histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) were identified in lung cancer. We also observed the differential expressions of cancer-related genes near the altered proximal H3K4me3 regions, while altered distal H3K4me3 regions were overlapped with enhancer activity annotations of cancer regulatory genes. Additionally, proximal tumor-gained promoters were associated with the core components of polycomb repressive complex 2. Our study demonstrates the practical workflow of using LMD on clinical samples for integrative analyses, which improves the overall understanding of genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of malignancy. Abstract Our previous integrative study in gastric cancer discovered cryptic promoter activation events that drive the expression of important developmental genes. However, it was unclear if such cancer-associated epigenetic changes occurred in cancer cells or other cell types in bulk tissue samples. An integrative analysis consisting of RNA-Seq and H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq was used. This workflow was applied to a set of matched normal lung tissues and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, for which the stroma and tumor cell parts could be isolated by laser-microdissection microscopy (LMD). RNA-Seq analysis showed subtype-specific differential expressed genes and enriched pathways in NSCLC. ChIP-Seq analysis results suggested that the proximal altered H3K4me3 regions were located at differentially expressed genes involved in cancer-related pathways, while altered distal H3K4me3 regions were annotated with enhancer activity of cancer regulatory genes. Interestingly, integration with ENCODE data revealed that proximal tumor-gained promoters were associated with EZH2 and SUZ12 occupancies, which are the core components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). This study used LMD on clinical samples for an integrative analysis to overcome the tissue heterogeneity problem in cancer research. The results also contribute to the overall understanding of genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of lung malignancy.
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Chen Z, Huang Y, Hu Z, Zhao M, Li M, Bi G, Zheng Y, Liang J, Lu T, Jiang W, Xu S, Zhan C, Xi J, Wang Q, Tan L. Landscape and dynamics of single tumor and immune cells in early and advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e350. [PMID: 33783985 PMCID: PMC7943914 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with different American Joint Committee on Cancer stages have different overall 5-year survival rates. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) have been shown to play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the TME and ITH in different lesions of LUAD have not been extensively explored. METHODS We present a 204,157-cell catalog of the TME transcriptome in 29 lung samples to systematically explore the TME and ITH in the different stages of LUAD. Traditional RNA sequencing data and complete clinical information were downloaded from publicly available databases. RESULTS Based on these high-quality cells, we constructed a single-cell network underlying cellular and molecular features of normal lung, early LUAD, and advanced LUAD cells. In contrast with early malignant cells, we noticed that advanced malignant cells had a remarkably more complex TME and higher ITH level. We also found that compared with other immune cells, more differences in CD8+/CTL T cells, regulatory T cells, and follicular B cells were evident between early and advanced LUAD. Additionally, cell-cell communication analyses, revealed great diversity between different lesions of LUAD at the single-cell level. Flow cytometry and qRT-PCR were used to validate our results. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the cellular diversity and molecular complexity of cell lineages in different stages of LUAD. We believe our research, which serves as a basic framework and valuable resource, can facilitate exploration of the pathogenesis of LUAD and identify novel therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuansheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Songtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junjie Xi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Naizhen X, Kido T, Yokoyama S, Linnoila RI, Kimura S. Spatiotemporal Expression of Three Secretoglobin Proteins, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A1, and SCGB3A2, in Mouse Airway Epithelia. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:453-463. [PMID: 30768367 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419829050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobins (SCGBs) are cytokine-like small molecular weight secreted proteins with largely unknown biological functions. Three SCGB proteins, SCGB1A1, SCGB3A1, and SCGB3A2, are predominantly expressed in lung airways. To gain insight into the possible functional relationships among the SCGBs, their protein and mRNA expression patterns were examined in lungs during gestation and in adult mice, using Scgb3a1-null and Scgb3a2-null mice as negative controls, by immunohistochemistry and by qRT-PCR analysis, respectively. The three SCGBs exhibited unique spatiotemporal expression patterns during embryogenesis. The lack of Scgb3a1 or Scgb3a2 did not affect expression of the other Scgb genes as determined by mRNA measurements. Moreover, the lack of Scgb3a1 or Scgb3a2 did not affect development of the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies during embryogenesis, while the lack of Scgb3a2 may have resulted in slightly fewer ciliated cells than in the wild-type. These results suggest that SCGB1A1, SCGB3A1, and SCGB3A2 each may possess its own unique biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Naizhen
- Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R Ilona Linnoila
- Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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7
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Li W, Zheng H, Qin H, Liu G, Ke L, Li Y, Li N, Zhong X. Exploration of differentially expressed plasma proteins in patients with lung adenocarcinoma using iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2018; 12:2036-2045. [PMID: 29363881 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma is characterized by early asymptomatic progression and metastasis. Appearance of respiratory symptoms usually means the disease is aggravated. The aim of this study was to identify the protein profile in plasma of lung adenocarcinoma of stages I-IV, and look for novel diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with two dimensional liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry technology (2D LC-MS/MS) was applied to separate and identify differential expression of proteins in plasma specimens from 10 healthy individuals, 10 patients with pneumonia, 7 patients with lung adenocarcinoma of stages I-II, respectively, and 10 patients with lung adenocarcinoma of stages III-IV, then analyze the functions of the differential expression of proteins by bioinformatics. RESULTS ADAMTS-like protein 4, Fibrinogen-like protein 1 precursor, secretoglobin family 3A member 2 and haptoglobin were up-regulated in patients with lung adenocarcinoma by proteomics analysis, and the expression levels of SCGB3A2 and Hp by ELISA were consistent. Pathway analysis of identified differential expression of proteins showed they were mainly involved in chemokine/p53/TGF-beta signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Plasma SCGB3A2 is a potential maker for diagnosis of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Abnormal post-translational protein modification may be associated with the progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Houwen Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichan Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangnan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Tian F, Zhao J, Fan X, Kang Z. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis in identification of metastasis-related genes of lung squamous cell carcinoma based on the Cancer Genome Atlas database. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:42-53. [PMID: 28203405 PMCID: PMC5303106 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (lung SCC) is a common type of malignancy. Its pathogenesis mechanism of tumor development is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify key genes for diagnosis biomarkers in lung SCC metastasis. METHODS We searched and downloaded mRNA expression data and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify differences in mRNA expression of primary tumor tissues from lung SCC with and without metastasis. Gene co-expression network analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) were used to explore the biological functions of the identified dysregulated genes. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-two differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lung SCC with and without metastasis. Nineteen modules were identified in lung SCC through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Twenty-three DEGs and 26 DEGs were significantly enriched in the respective pink and black module. KEGG pathway analysis displayed that 26 DEGs in the black module were significantly enriched in bile secretion pathway. Forty-nine DEGs in the two gene co-expression module were used to construct PPI network. CFTR in the black module was the hub protein, had the connectivity with 182 genes. The results of qRT-PCR displayed that FIGF, SFTPD, DYNLRB2 were significantly down-regulated in the tumor samples of lung SCC with metastasis and CFTR, SCGB3A2, SSTR1, SCTR, ROPN1L had the down-regulation tendency in lung SCC with metastasis compared to lung SCC without metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulated genes including CFTR, SCTR and FIGF might be involved in the pathology of lung SCC metastasis and could be used as potential diagnosis biomarkers or therapeutic targets for lung SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xinlei Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Medical College, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Zhenxing Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276000, China
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Franks SE, Briah R, Jones RA, Moorehead RA. Unique roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in IGF-IR mediated lung tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3297-316. [PMID: 26654940 PMCID: PMC4823107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT is a serine-threonine kinase that becomes hyperactivated in a number of cancers including lung cancer. Based on AKT's association with malignancy, molecules targeting AKT have entered clinical trials for solid tumors including lung cancer. However, the AKT inhibitors being evaluated in clinical trials indiscriminately inhibit all three AKT isoforms (AKT1-3) and it remains unclear whether AKT isoforms have overlapping or divergent functions. Using a transgenic mouse model where IGF-IR overexpression drives lung tumorigenesis, we found that loss of Akt1 inhibited while loss of Akt2 enhanced lung tumor development. Lung tumors that developed in the absence of Akt2 were less likely to appear as discrete nodules and more frequently displayed a dispersed growth pattern. RNA sequencing revealed a number of genes differentially expressed in lung tumors lacking Akt2 and five of these genes, Actc1, Bpifa1, Mmp2, Ntrk2, and Scgb3a2 have been implicated in human lung cancer. Using 2 human lung cancer cell lines, we observed that a selective AKT1 inhibitor, A-674563, was a more potent regulator of cell survival than the pan-AKT inhibitor, MK-2206. This study suggests that compounds selectively targeting AKT1 may prove more effective than compounds that inhibit all three AKT isoforms at least in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elizabeth Franks
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ritesh Briah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Yoneda M, Xu L, Kajiyama H, Kawabe S, Paiz J, Ward JM, Kimura S. Secretoglobin Superfamily Protein SCGB3A2 Alleviates House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:36-44. [PMID: 27820933 PMCID: PMC5127774 DOI: 10.1159/000450788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a novel, lung-enriched, cytokine-like, secreted protein of small molecular weight, was demonstrated to exhibit various biological functions including anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and growth-factor activities. Anti-inflammatory activity was uncovered using the ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation model. However, further validation of this activity using knockout mice in a different allergic inflammation model is necessary in order to establish the antiallergic inflammatory role for this protein. METHODS Scgb3a2-null (Scgb3a2-/-) mice were subjected to nasal inhalation of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract for 5 days/week for 5 consecutive weeks; control mice received nasal inhalation of saline as a comparator. Airway inflammation was assessed by histological analysis, the number of inflammatory cells and various Th2-type cytokine levels in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Exacerbated inflammation was found in the airway of Scgb3a2-/- mice subjected to house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation compared with saline-treated control groups. All the inflammation end points were increased in the Scgb3a2-/- mice. The Ccr4 and Ccl17 mRNA levels were higher in HDM-treated lungs of Scgb3a2-/- mice than wild-type mice or saline-treated Scgb3a2-/- mice, whereas no changes were observed for Ccr3 and Ccl11 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that SCGB3A2 has an anti-inflammatory activity in the HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation model, in which SCGB3A2 may modulate the CCR4-CCL17 pathway. SCGB3A2 may provide a useful tool to treat allergic airway inflammation, and further studies on the levels and function of SCGB3A2 in asthmatic patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 4668550, JAPAN
| | - Shuko Kawabe
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jorge Paiz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Ward
- Global VetPathology, Montgomery Villiage, Maryland 20886, USA
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Secretoglobin 3A2 Exhibits Anti-Fibrotic Activity in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Model Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142497. [PMID: 26559674 PMCID: PMC4641653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 is a novel lung-enriched cytokine, previously shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities. The latter activity was demonstrated using exogenously-administered recombinant SCGB3A2 in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Whether SCGB3A2 exhibits anti-fibrotic activity in vivo is not known. METHODS Mice null for the Scgb3a2 gene were subjected to the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis determined using histological and biochemical methods. RESULTS BLM treatment caused weight loss of both Scgb3a2-null and wild-type mice, however, the loss was far more pronounced in BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null than wild-type mice, and the weight of day 21 of BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mice was about half of that of BLM-treated wild-type mice. Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson Trichrome, and Sirius Red staining of lung sections, Ashcroft fibrosis scores, hydroxyproline contents, and the levels of mRNAs encoding various collagens demonstrated that BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mouse lungs had more severe fibrosis than those of wild-type mouse lungs. Total and differential inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and levels of lung mRNAs including those encoding Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and profibrotic cytokines such as TGFβ were higher in BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null mouse lungs as compared to those of wild-type mouse lungs. In contrast, mRNAs encoding surfactant proteins A, B, C, and D, and SCGB1A1 did not differ between BLM-treated Scgb3a2-null and wild-type mouse lungs. CONCLUSION The role of SCGB3A2 in fibrosis was revisited using Scgb3a2-null mice and littermate controls in the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. The pulmonary fibrosis in the Scgb3a2-null mice was more severe than the wild-type controls, thus establishing that SCGB3A2 has anti-fibrotic activity in vivo. Importantly, surfactant proteins and SCGB1A1 appear not to be involved in the susceptibility of Scgb3a2-null mice to BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Cai Y, Yoneda M, Tomita T, Kurotani R, Okamoto M, Kido T, Abe H, Mitzner W, Guha A, Kimura S. Transgenically-expressed secretoglobin 3A2 accelerates resolution of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:72. [PMID: 26178733 PMCID: PMC4504078 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a cytokine-like secretory protein of small molecular weight, is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial cells. While SCGB3A2 is known to have anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities, whether SCGB3A2 has any other roles, particularly in lung homeostasis and disease has not been demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to address these questions in mice. Methods A transgenic mouse line that expresses SCGB3A2 in the lung using the human surfactant protein-C promoter was established. Detailed histological, immunohistochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of the Scgb3a2-transgenic mouse lungs were carried out. Scgb3a2-transgenic and wild-type mice were subjected to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, and their lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected at various time points during 9 weeks post-bleomycin treatment for further analysis. Results Adult Scgb3a2-transgenic mouse lungs expressed approximately five-fold higher levels of SCGB3A2 protein in comparison to wild-type mice as determined by western blotting of lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression was localized to alveolar type II cells in addition to airway epithelial cells, thus accurately reflecting the site of surfactant protein-C expression. Scgb3a2-transgenic mice showed normal lung development and histology, and no overt gross phenotypes. However, when subjected to a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, they initially exhibited exacerbated fibrosis at 3 weeks post-bleomycin administration that was more rapidly resolved by 6 weeks as compared with wild-type mice, as determined by lung histology, Masson Trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content, inflammatory cell numbers, expression of collagen genes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The decrease of fibrosis coincided with the increased expression of SCGB3A2 in Scgb3a2-transgenic lungs. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SCGB3A2 is an anti-fibrotic agent, and suggest a possible therapeutic use of recombinant SCGB3A2 in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0065-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Takeshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kurotani
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Minoru Okamoto
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Immunopathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Arjun Guha
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Secretoglobin superfamily protein SCGB3A2 deficiency potentiates ovalbumin-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:216465. [PMID: 25242865 PMCID: PMC4163287 DOI: 10.1155/2014/216465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, a cytokine-like secretory protein of small molecular weight, which may play a role in lung inflammation, is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial cells. In order to understand the physiological role of SCGB3A2, Scgb3a2−/− mice were generated and characterized. Scgb3a2−/− mice did not exhibit any overt phenotypes. In ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced airway allergy inflammation model, Scgb3a2−/− mice in mixed background showed a decreased OVA-induced airway inflammation, while six times C57BL/6NCr backcrossed congenic Scgb3a2−/− mice showed a slight exacerbation of OVA-induced airway inflammation as compared to wild-type littermates. These results indicate that the loss of SCGB3A2 function was influenced by a modifier gene(s) in mixed genetic background and suggest that SCGB3A2 has anti-inflammatory property. The results further suggest the possible use of recombinant human SCGB3A2 as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Secretoglobin expression in ovarian carcinoma: lipophilin B gene upregulation as an independent marker of better prognosis. J Transl Med 2013; 11:162. [PMID: 23819652 PMCID: PMC3706350 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate within ovarian carcinoma and normal ovarian biopsies the gene expression of multiple secretoglobin family members relative to mammaglobin B, which we previously reported as a promising novel ovarian carcinoma prognostic marker. METHODS Using quantitative real-time Reverse Transcription PCR we tested 53 ovarian carcinoma and 30 normal ovaries for the expression of 8 genes belonging to the secretoglobin family: mammaglobin A, lipophilin A, lipophilin B, uteroglobin, HIN-1, UGRP-1, RYD5 and IIS. Next, we decided to expand the LipB gene expression analysis to a further 48 ovarian carcinoma samples, for a total of 101 tumor tissues of various histologies and to study its protein expression by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors and normal ovaries. Finally, we correlated lipophilin B gene and protein expression to conventional patient clinico-pathological features and outcome. RESULTS We found significant mammaglobin A, lipophilin A, lipophilin B and RYD5 gene overexpression in ovarian carcinomas compared to normal ovaries. Lipophilin B mRNA showed a higher presence in tumors (75.4%) compared to normal ovaries (16.6%) and the most significant correlation with mammaglobin B mRNA (rs =0.77, p < 0.001). By immunohistochemical analysis, we showed higher lipophilin B expression in the cytoplasm of tumor cells compared to normal ovaries (p < 0.001). Moreover, lipophilin B gene overexpression was significantly associated with serous histology (serous vs clear cell p = 0.027; serous vs undifferentiated p = 0.007) and lower tumor grade (p = 0.02). Lower LipB mRNA levels (low versus high tertiles) were associated to a shorter progression-free (p = 0.03, HR = 2.2) and disease-free survival (p = 0.02, HR = 2.5) by univariate survival analysis and, importantly, they remain an independent prognostic marker for decreased disease-free (p = 0.001, HR = 3.9) and progression-free survival (p = 0.004, HR = 2.8) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS The present study represents the first quantitative evaluation of secretoglobin gene expression in normal and neoplastic ovarian tissues. Our results demonstrate lipophilin B gene and protein upregulation in ovarian carcinoma compared to normal ovary. Moreover, lipophilin B gene overexpression correlates with a less aggressive tumor phenotype and represents a novel ovarian carcinoma prognostic factor.
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Kurotani R, Kumaki N, Naizhen X, Ward JM, Linnoila RI, Kimura S. Secretoglobin 3A2/uteroglobin-related protein 1 is a novel marker for pulmonary carcinoma in mice and humans. Lung Cancer 2010; 71:42-8. [PMID: 20466451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2, also called uteroglobin-related protein (UGRP) 1, is a downstream target for a homeodomain transcription factor NKX2-1, which is critical for the development of lung, thyroid and ventral forebrain. Both SCGB3A2 and NKX2-1 are expressed in airway epithelial cells and the latter also in alveolar Type II cells. NKX2-1 has been used clinically for diagnosis of human pulmonary tumors. Recently, the expression of SCGB3A2 was reported in human carcinomas, suggesting the use of this protein as a tumor marker. In this study, 28 lung tumors from aging B6;129 mice and nine lung adenocarcinomas from CC10TAg transgenic mice that express SV40 large T antigen under the mouse Scgb1a1 (CC10) gene promoter, were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for the expression of NKX2-1 and SCGB3A2. NKX2-1 was expressed in all types of tumors albeit more focally in carcinomas. In contrast, SCGB3A2 normally expressed in Clara cells, was negative in Type II cell hyperplasias and adenomas. However, it was expressed in alveolar Type II cell carcinomas and Clara cell adenocarcinomas. In these carcinomas, SCGB3A2 expression was observed in the portion of the tumor where NKX2-1 expression was reduced or almost abolished. As a comparison, the expression of SCGB3A2 and NKX2-1 from 23 human non-small cell lung carcinoma specimens was also examined. The results demonstrate that SCGB3A2 is a useful marker for diagnosis of pulmonary tumors both in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kurotani
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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