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Banerjee A, Verma PRP, Gore S. Controlled porosity solubility modulated osmotic pump tablets of gliclazide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:554-68. [PMID: 25378281 PMCID: PMC4444634 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A system that can deliver drug at a controlled rate is very important for the treatment of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and heart disease. Poorly water-soluble drug with pH-dependent solubility such as gliclazide (GLZ) offers challenges in the controlled-release formulation because of low dissolution rate and poor bioavailability. Solid dispersion (SD) of GLZ consisted of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SSL) as a polymeric solubilizer was manufactured by hot melt extrusion (HME) technology. Then, controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) tablet of gliclazide was designed to deliver drug in a controlled manner up to 16 h. The developed formulation was optimized for type and level of pore former and coating weight gain. The optimized formulation was found to exhibit zero order kinetics independent of pH and agitation speed but depends on osmotic pressure of dissolution media indicated that mechanism of drug release was osmotic pressure. The in vivo performance prediction of developed formulation using convolution approach revealed that the developed formulation was superior to the existing marketed extended-release formulation in terms of attaining steady state plasma levels and indicated adequate exposure in translating hypoglycemic response. The prototype solubilization method combined with controlled porosity osmotic pump based technique could provide a unique way to increase dissolution rate and bioavailability of many poorly water-soluble, narrow therapeutic index drugs used in diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Banerjee
- Mylan Laboratories Ltd, FDS, R&D Centre, Plot No. 31-34A, Anrich Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal), Medak District, 502325, Hyderabad, India,
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Wieczorek A, Tokarz A, Gaszynski W, Gaszynski T. The doripenem serum concentrations in intensive care patients suffering from acute kidney injury, sepsis, and multi organ dysfunction syndrome undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy slow low-efficiency dialysis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2039-44. [PMID: 25364230 PMCID: PMC4211861 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s64942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Doripenem is a novel wide-spectrum antibiotic, and a derivate of carbapenems. It is an ideal antibiotic for treatment of serious nosocomial infections and severe sepsis for its exceptionally high efficiency and broad antibacterial spectrum of action. Doripenem is eliminated mainly by the kidneys. In cases of acute kidney injury, dosing of doripenem depends on creatinine clearance and requires adjustments. Doripenem is eliminated during hemodialysis because its molecular weight is 300–400 Da. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) slow low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) on doripenem serum concentrations in a population of intensive-therapy patients with life-threatening infections and severe sepsis. Ten patients were enrolled in this observational study. Twelve blood samples were collected during the first administration of doripenem in a 1-hour continuous infusion while CRRT SLED was provided. Fluid chromatography was used for measurement of the concentration of doripenem in serum. In all collected samples, concentration of doripenem was above the minimum inhibition concentration of this antibiotic. Based on these results, we can draw the conclusion that doripenem concentration is above the minimum inhibition concentration throughout all of CRRT. The dosing pattern proposed by the manufacturer can be used in patients receiving CRRT SLED without necessary modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wieczorek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gaszynski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gaszynski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Roberts JA, Udy AA, Bulitta JB, Stuart J, Jarrett P, Starr T, Lassig-Smith M, Roberts NA, Dunlop R, Hayashi Y, Wallis SC, Lipman J. Doripenem population pharmacokinetics and dosing requirements for critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2508-16. [PMID: 24879665 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Doripenem is a newer carbapenem with little data available to guide effective dosing during renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to determine the population pharmacokinetics of doripenem in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) for acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS This was an observational pharmacokinetic study in 12 infected critically ill adult patients with AKI undergoing CVVHDF and receiving 500 mg of doripenem intravenously every 8 h as a 60 min infusion. Serial blood samples were taken on 2 days of treatment and used for population pharmacokinetic analysis with S-ADAPT. RESULTS The median (IQR) age was 62 (53-71) years, the median (IQR) weight was 77 (67-96) kg and the median (IQR) APACHE II score was 29 (19-32). The median blood, dialysate and replacement fluid rates were 200, 1000 and 1000 mL/h, respectively. A two-compartment linear model with doripenem clearance described by CVVHDF, renal or non-renal mechanisms was most appropriate. The mean value for total doripenem clearance was 4.46 L/h and volume of distribution was 38.0 L. Doripenem clearance by CVVHDF was significantly correlated with the replacement fluid flow rate and accounted for ∼30%-37% of total clearance. A dose of 500 mg intravenously every 8 h achieved favourable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics for all patients up to an MIC of 4 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS This is the first paper describing the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of doripenem in critically ill patients with AKI receiving CVVHDF. A dose of 500 mg intravenously every 8 h was appropriate for our CVVHDF settings for infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Roberts
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew A Udy
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juergen B Bulitta
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Australia
| | - Janine Stuart
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Jarrett
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Therese Starr
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Rachel Dunlop
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yoshiro Hayashi
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven C Wallis
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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