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Adegbola RO, Ponvert ND, Brown JK. Genetic Variability Among U.S.-Sentinel Cotton Plot Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus and Globally Available Reference Isolates Based on ORF0 Diversity. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS02230243RE. [PMID: 38277653 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0243-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The aphid-transmitted polerovirus, cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), first characterized from symptomatic cotton plants in South America, has been identified in commercial cotton plantings in the United States. Here, the CLRDV intraspecific diversity was investigated by comparative sequence analysis of the most divergent CLRDV coding region, ORF0/P0. Bayesian analysis of ORF0 sequences for U.S. and reference populations resolved three well-supported sister clades comprising one U.S. and two South American lineages. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified seven statistically supported intraspecific populations. The Bayesian phylogeny and PCA dendrogram-inferred relationships were congruent. Population analysis of ORF0 sequences indicated most lineages have evolved under negative selection, albeit certain sites/isolates evolved under positive selection. Both U.S. and South American isolates exhibited extensive ORF0 diversity. At least two U.S. invasion foci were associated with their founder populations in Alabama-Georgia and eastern Texas. The Alabama-Georgia founder is implicated as the source of recent widespread expansion and establishment of secondary disease foci throughout the southeastern-central United States. Based on the geographically restricted distribution, spread of another extant Texas population appeared impeded by a population bottleneck. Extant CLRDV isolates represent several putative introductions potentially associated with catastrophic weather events dispersing viruliferous cotton aphids of unknown origin(s).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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Mahas JW, Mahas JB, Ray C, Kesheimer A, Steury TD, Conzemius SR, Crow W, Gore J, Greene JK, Kennedy GG, Kerns D, Malone S, Paula-Moraes S, Roberts P, Stewart SD, Taylor S, Toews M, Jacobson AL. The Spatiotemporal Distribution, Abundance, and Seasonal Dynamics of Cotton-Infesting Aphids in the Southern U.S. INSECTS 2023; 14:639. [PMID: 37504645 PMCID: PMC10380445 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging aphid-borne pathogen infecting cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southern United States (U.S.). The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, infests cotton annually and is the only known vector to transmit CLRDV to cotton. Seven other species have been reported to feed on, but not often infest, cotton: Protaphis middletonii Thomas, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale Sasaki, and Smynthurodes betae Westwood. These seven have not been studied in cotton, but due to their potential epidemiological importance, an understanding of the intra- and inter-annual variations of these species is needed. In 2020 and 2021, aphids were monitored from North Carolina to Texas using pan traps around cotton fields. All of the species known to infest cotton, excluding A. fabae, were detected in this study. Protaphis middletonii and A. gossypii were the most abundant species identified. The five other species of aphids captured were consistently low throughout the study and, with the exception of R. rufiabdominale, were not detected at all locations. The abundance, distribution, and seasonal dynamics of cotton-infesting aphids across the southern U.S. are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Mahas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jessica B Mahas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Charles Ray
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Adam Kesheimer
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Todd D Steury
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sophia R Conzemius
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Blackville, SC 29817, USA
| | - Whitney Crow
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gore
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jeremy K Greene
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Blackville, SC 29817, USA
| | - George G Kennedy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 3210 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David Kerns
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sean Malone
- Virginia Tech, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA 23437, USA
| | - Silvana Paula-Moraes
- West Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Jay, FL 32565, USA
| | - Phillip Roberts
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Scott D Stewart
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sally Taylor
- Virginia Tech, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA 23437, USA
| | - Michael Toews
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Alana L Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Mahas JB, Ray C, Kesheimer A, Conner K, Jacobson AL. Seasonal Dynamics of Aphid Flights and Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus Spread in Alabama. INSECTS 2023; 14:604. [PMID: 37504610 PMCID: PMC10380835 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an introduced Polerovirus (Family: Solemoviridae) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the U.S. The only vector known to transmit this virus to cotton is the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover; however, there are seven other species of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reported to colonize cotton in the southeastern U.S.: Protaphis middletonii (Thomas), Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki), Aphis craccivora Koch, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Smythurodes betae Westwood, and Aphis fabae Scopoli. Little to no information is available on annual population dynamics of these species in the southeastern U.S. The timing of CLRDV spread to cotton plantings is also unknown. The objective of this study was to monitor the population dynamics of eight cotton-feeding aphid species concurrent with the spread of CLRDV at three different locations in Alabama. Aphids were monitored weekly for two years with yellow pan traps, and sentinel plants were deployed weekly to monitor CLRDV spread throughout the cotton-growing season. During the two years, most CLRDV spread at all locations occurred when A. gossypii was actively dispersing in the field. Early season spread at sites in south and central Alabama, when A. gossypii was not abundant, suggests additional aphid vectors are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Mahas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.B.M.); (C.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Charles Ray
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.B.M.); (C.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Adam Kesheimer
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.B.M.); (C.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Kassie Conner
- Alabama Cooperative Extension, 961 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Alana L. Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (J.B.M.); (C.R.); (A.K.)
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Edula SR, Bag S, Milner H, Kumar M, Suassuna ND, Chee PW, Kemerait RC, Hand LC, Snider JL, Srinivasan R, Roberts PM. Cotton leafroll dwarf disease: An enigmatic viral disease in cotton. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:513-526. [PMID: 37038256 PMCID: PMC10189767 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a member of the genus Polerovirus, family Solemoviridae. Geographical Distribution: CLRDV is present in most cotton-producing regions worldwide, prominently in North and South America. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The virion is a nonenveloped icosahedron with T = 3 icosahedral lattice symmetry that has a diameter of 26-34 nm and comprises 180 molecules of the capsid protein. The CsCl buoyant density of the virion is 1.39-1.42 g/cm3 and S20w is 115-127S. Genome: CLRDV shares genomic features with other poleroviruses; its genome consists of monopartite, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA, is approximately 5.7-5.8 kb in length, and is composed of seven open reading frames (ORFs) with an intergenic region between ORF2 and ORF3a. TRANSMISSION CLRDV is transmitted efficiently by the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in a circulative and nonpropagative manner. Host: CLRDV has a limited host range. Cotton is the primary host, and it has also been detected in different weeds in and around commercial cotton fields in Georgia, USA. SYMPTOMS Cotton plants infected early in the growth stage exhibit reddening or bronzing of foliage, maroon stems and petioles, and drooping. Plants infected in later growth stages exhibit intense green foliage with leaf rugosity, moderate to severe stunting, shortened internodes, and increased boll shedding/abortion, resulting in poor boll retention. These symptoms are variable and are probably influenced by the time of infection, plant growth stage, varieties, soil health, and geographical location. CLRDV is also often detected in symptomless plants. CONTROL Vector management with the application of chemical insecticides is ineffective. Some host plant varieties grown in South America are resistant, but all varieties grown in the United States are susceptible. Integrated disease management strategies, including weed management and removal of volunteer stalks, could reduce the abundance of virus inoculum in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hayley Milner
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Peng W. Chee
- Institute of Plant, Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Lavesta C. Hand
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - John L. Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
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Heilsnis B, Mahas JB, Conner K, Pandey S, Clark W, Koebernick J, Srinivasan R, Martin K, Jacobson AL. Characterizing the vector competence of Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae and Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to transmit cotton leafroll dwarf virus to cotton in the United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023:7160744. [PMID: 37171119 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a yield-limiting, aphid-transmitted virus that was identified in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the United States of America in 2017. CLRDV is currently classified in the genus Polerovirus, family Solemoviridae. Although 8 species of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are reported to infest cotton, Aphis gossypii Glover is the only known vector of CLRDV to this crop. Aphis gossypii transmits CLRDV in a persistent and nonpropagative manner, but acquisition and retention times have only been partially characterized in Brazil. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the acquisition access period, the inoculation access period, and retention times for a U.S. strain of CLRDV and A. gossypii population. A sub-objective was to test the vector competence of Myzus persicae Sulzer and Aphis craccivora Koch. In our study, A. gossypii apterous and alate morphs were able to acquire CLRDV in 30 min and 24 h, inoculate CLRDV in 45 and 15 min, and retain CLRDV for 15 and 23 days, respectively. Neither M. persicae nor A. craccivora acquired or transmitted CLRDV to cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Heilsnis
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jessica B Mahas
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kassie Conner
- Alabama Cooperative Extension System, 961 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sudeep Pandey
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Wilson Clark
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jenny Koebernick
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Martin
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Alana L Jacobson
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Identification of New Chickpea Virus and Control of Chickpea Virus Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6465505. [PMID: 35668786 PMCID: PMC9167091 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6465505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The objective of the study was to discuss the classification, virus characteristics, detection methods, and control measures of chickpea virus, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for identification of new chickpea virus and control of chickpea virus disease. Methods. The domestic and foreign studies were reviewed, and the virus coat protein or nucleic acid sequence was identified by immunological and molecular diagnostic techniques. Results. There were 14 main types of chickpea viruses attacking, and seven Luteoviridae viruses were reported, namely, chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV), bean leafroll virus (BLRV), beet western yellows virus (BWYV), soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), and phasey bean mild yellows virus (PhBMYV). The family Geminiviridae includes chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV), chickpea chlorosis virus (CpCV), chickpea redleaf virus (CpRLV), chickpea yellows virus (CpYV), and mastrevirus. The family Nanoviridae is dominated by the faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV). The family Bromoviridae includes cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). Conclusion. At present, there are mainly 12 types of viruses infecting chickpeas, which are transmitted by leafhoppers or aphids and are associated with symptoms such as yellowing, chlorosis, and stunted pod development, resulting in serious yield loss. Correct use of various molecular diagnostic tools to detect and identify chickpea virus can accurately assess chickpea virus infection and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of chickpea virus disease.
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Coinfection of Cotton Plants with Watermelon Mosaic Virus and a Novel Polerovirus in China. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112210. [PMID: 34835016 PMCID: PMC8618073 DOI: 10.3390/v13112210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is the most important fiber crop worldwide. To determine the presence of viruses in cotton plants showing leaf roll and vein yellowing symptoms in Henan Province of China, a small RNA-based deep sequencing approach was performed. Analysis of the de novo-assembled contigs followed by reverse transcription PCR allowed the reconstruction of watermelon mosaic virus and an unknown virus. The genome of the unknown virus was determined to be 5870 nucleotides in length, and has a genomic organization with characteristic features of previously reported poleroviruses. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus was closely related to, but significantly different from, cotton leafroll dwarf virus, a polerovirus of the family Solemoviridae. This virus had less than 90% amino acid sequence identity in the products of both ORF0 and ORF1. According to the polerovirus species demarcation criteria set by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, this virus should be assigned to a new polerovirus species, for which we propose the name “cotton leaf roll virus”.
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