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Song Z, Seo EY, Hu WX, Kim JK, Kang JS, Lee SE, Hammond J, Lim HS. Evaluation of a Series of Turnip Mosaic Virus Chimeric Clones Reveals Two Amino Acid Sites Critical for Systemic Infection in Chinese Cabbage. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:2006-2013. [PMID: 37260102 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0013-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two infectious clones of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), pKBC-1 and pKBC-8, with differential infectivity in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), were obtained. Both infected Nicotiana benthamiana systemically, inducing similar symptoms, whereas only virus KBC-8 infected Chinese cabbage systemically. To identify the determinants affecting infectivity on Chinese cabbage, chimeric clones were constructed by restriction fragment exchange between the parental clones and tested on several Chinese cabbage cultivars. Chimeric clones p1N8C and p8N1C demonstrated that the C-terminal portion of the polyprotein determines systemic infection of Chinese cabbage despite only three amino acid differences in this region, in the cylindrical inclusion (CI), viral protein genome-linked (VPg), and coat protein (CP). A second pair of hybrid constructs, pHindIII-1N8C and pHindIII-8N1C, failed to infect cultivars CR Victory and Jinseonnorang systemically, yet pHindIII-1N8C caused hypersensitive response-like lesions on inoculated leaves of these cultivars, and could systemically infect cultivars CR Chusarang and Jeongsang; this suggests that R genes effective against TuMV may exist in the first two cultivars but not the latter two. Constructs with single amino acid changes in both VPg (K2045E) and CP (Y3095H) failed to infect Chinese cabbage, implying that at least one of these two amino acid substitutions is essential for successful infection on Chinese cabbage. Successful infection by mutant KBC-8-CP-H and delayed infection with mutant HJY1-VPg-E following mutation or reversion suggested that VPg (2045K) is the residue required for infection of Chinese cabbage and involved in the interaction between VPg and eukaryotic initiation factor eIF(iso)4E, confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Song
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Xing Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seong Kang
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hammond
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Hu WX, Seo EY, Cho IS, Kim JK, Song Z, Kim KH, Eom WS, Jung SH, Hammond J, Lim HS. Reassortment of Infectious Clones of Radish Mosaic Virus Shows that Systemic Necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana Is Determined by RNA1. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1361-1372. [PMID: 35113673 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-21-0172-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three infectious clones of radish mosaic virus (RaMV) were generated from isolates collected in mainland Korea (RaMV-Gg) and Jeju Island (RaMV-Aa and RaMV-Bb). These isolates differed in sequences and pathogenicity. Examination of the wild-type isolates and reassortants between the genomic RNA1 and RNA2 of these three isolates revealed that severe symptoms were associated with RNA1 of isolates Aa or Gg causing systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana, or with RNA1 of isolate Bb for induction of veinal necrosis and severe mosaic symptoms in radish. Reverse transcription, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR), results from infected N. benthamiana confirmed that viral RNA2 accumulation level was correlated to RaMV necrosis-inducing ability, and that the RNA2 accumulation level was mostly dependent on the origin of RNA1. However, in radish, Q-RT-PCR results showed more similar viral RNA2 accumulation levels regardless of the ability of the isolate to induce necrosis. Phylogenetic analysis of genomic RNAs sequence including previously characterized isolates from North America, Europe, and Asia suggest possible recombination within RNA1, while analysis of concatenated RNA1+RNA2 sequences indicates that reassortment of RNA1 and RNA2 has been more important in the evolution of RaMV isolates than recombination. Korean isolate Aa is a potential reassortant between isolates RaMV-J and RaMV-TW, while isolate Bb might have evolved from reassortment between isolates RaMV-CA and RaMV-J. The Korean isolates were shown to also be able to infect Chinese cabbage, raising concerns that RaMV may spread from radish fields to the Chinese cabbage crop in Korea, causing further economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Hu
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengxing Song
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hee Kim
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seob Eom
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Jung
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hammond
- U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Song ZX, Seo EY, Hu WX, Jeong JH, Moon JS, Kim KH, Eom WS, Cho IS, Hammond J, Lim HS. Construction of full-length infectious cDNA clones of two Korean isolates of turnip mosaic virus breaking resistance in Brassica napus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1157-1162. [PMID: 35258648 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two new turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) strains (Canola-12 and Canola-14) overcoming resistance in canola (Brassica napus) were isolated from a B. napus sample that showed typical TuMV-like symptoms and was collected in the city of Gimcheon, South Korea, in 2020. The complete genome sequence was determined and an infectious clone was made for each isolate. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strains isolated from canola belonged to the World-B group. Both infectious clones, which used 35S and T7 promoters to drive expression, induced systemic symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana and B. napus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV infecting B. napus in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Xing Song
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Xing Hu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hee Kim
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seob Eom
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Construction of full-length infectious clones of turnip mosaic virus isolates infecting Perilla frutescens and genetic analysis of recently emerged strains in Korea. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1089-1098. [PMID: 35258649 PMCID: PMC8902734 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perilla is an annual herb with a unique aroma and taste that has been cultivated in Korea for hundreds of years. It has been widely cultivated in many Asian and European countries as a food and medicinal crop. Recently, several viruses have been reported to cause diseases in perilla in Korea, including turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which is known as a brassica pathogen due to its significant damage to brassica crops. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences of two new TuMV isolates originating from perilla in Korea. Full-length infectious cDNA clones of these two isolates were constructed, and their infectivity was tested by agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana and sap inoculation of Chinese cabbage and radish plants. In addition, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of six new Korean TuMV isolates to members of the four major groups. We also used RDP4 software to conduct recombination analysis of recent isolates from Korea, which provided new insight into the evolutionary relationships of Korean isolates of TuMV.
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