1
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Al-Ghamdi A, ShaikhOmar W, Bukhari F, Jowharji A, Alsulami A, Al-Blaihed DA, Ibrahim ST. Attitude of Self-Medication Among Pharmacy Students in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Cureus 2023; 15:e33634. [PMID: 36788888 PMCID: PMC9918337 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Self-medication is a public health concern because of the potential for medication overuse or abuse, as well as the physical, social, and psychological consequences. In Saudi Arabia, self-medication is common, especially among health science students. Inappropriate self-medication can cause several adverse effects, such as increasing the risk of medication abuse or delaying hospital appointments due to concealing specific symptoms with some medications. Therefore, our study aims to investigate and evaluate health science students' practices, awareness, and attitudes towards self-medication in the Faculty of Pharmacy at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered survey to measure the attitude, awareness, and prevalence of self-medication among pharmacy students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Students in the pharmacy program from the first to the sixth year were invited to participate in the study from April 2019 to June 2019. Raosoft was used to compute the sample size (n = 235) with a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence range. Results The factors associated with significant effects were an academic year (p = 0.001), smoking (p = 0.018), average sleeping time (p = 0.032), having any headache (p = 0.022), and their opinion about self-medication (p < 0.0001). Conclusion According to the study, the self-medication of analgesics is common among pharmacy students, and the most used medication was paracetamol.
Collapse
|
2
|
Thiel PS, Mah AC, Siddiqui M, Lett CD. Changing red blood cell transfusion practice in obstetrics and gynaecology: A before and after study of hospital-wide education. Transfus Med 2021; 32:38-44. [PMID: 34820926 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess transfusion practices at a Canadian tertiary care center before and after a hospital-wide blood management educational campaign based on the Choosing Wisely toolkit. BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are an essential intervention in obstetrics and gynaec ology (O&G). However, with limited guidelines outlining the appropriate use of RBC transfusions, clinicians routinely transfuse based on haemoglobin values and habits. METHODS/MATERIALS We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who received a RBC transfusion while admitted under an O&G provider in two 12-month periods-before and after the intervention. The campaign consisted of Grand Rounds, formal and informal teaching, and posters placed within the hospital. We judged appropriateness from a set of criteria guided by the status of ongoing bleeding, pre-transfusion haemoglobin, and the number of units ordered simultaneously. RESULTS Transfusion appropriateness was poor in pre- and post-intervention periods (46% vs. 51%, p = 0.59). The overall rate of RBC transfusion was reduced from 1.8% to 1.2% (83/4610 vs. 55/4618, p = 0.02) after the intervention. There was a 52% reduction in the total number of RBC units of transfused (229 vs. 111, p < 0.001), a 33% reduction in the number of patients transfused (83 vs. 55, p = 0.016), and fewer multiple-unit transfusions without reassessment (39 vs. 13, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION RBC transfusion appropriateness remained low after a hospital-wide educational campaign. However, there was a marked decrease in overall transfusion use, reflecting the adoption of more restrictive transfusion practices. The low rate of transfusion appropriateness represents an opportunity for further improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Thiel
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Regina, Canada
| | - Alicia C Mah
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Regina, Canada
| | - Muhammad Siddiqui
- Department of Research, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Canada
| | - Christine D Lett
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Regina, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regina General Hospital, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zuckerman J, Coburn N, Callum J, Mahar AL, Acuña SA, Guttman MP, Zuk V, Lin Y, Turgeon AF, Martel G, Hallet J. Association of perioperative red blood cell transfusions with all-cause and cancer-specific death in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer: Long-term outcomes from a population-based cohort. Surgery 2021; 170:870-879. [PMID: 33750598 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell transfusions are common in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Yet, to adequately balance their risks and benefits, clinicians must understand how transfusions may affect long-term outcomes. We aimed to determine if perioperative red blood cell transfusions are associated with a higher risk of all-cause and cancer-specific death among patients who underwent gastrointestinal cancer resection. METHOD We identified a population-based cohort of patients who underwent gastrointestinal cancer resection in Ontario, Canada (2007-2019). All-cause death was compared between transfused and nontransfused patients using Cox proportional hazards regression, while cancer-specific death was compared with competing risk regression. RESULT A total of 74,962 patients (mean age, 67.7 years; 55.4% male; 79.7% colorectal cancer) had gastrointestinal cancer surgery during the study period; 20.8% received perioperative red blood cell transfusions. Patients who received red blood cell transfusions had increased hazards of all-cause and cancer-specific death relative to patients who did not (hazard ratio: 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.34-1.44; cause-specific hazard ratio: 1.36, 1.30-1.43). The adjusted risk of all-cause death was higher in early follow-up intervals (3-6 months postoperatively) but remained elevated in each interval over 5 years. The association persisted after restricting to patients without postoperative complications or bleeding and was robust to unmeasured confounding. CONCLUSION Red blood cell transfusion among patients with gastrointestinal cancer is associated with increased all-cause death. This was observed long beyond the immediate postoperative period and independent of short-term postoperative morbidity and mortality. These findings should help clinicians balance the risks and benefits of transfusion before well-designed trials are conducted in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Zuckerman
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada. https://twitter.com/jesse_zuckerman
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. https://twitter.com/DrNCoburn
| | - Jeannie Callum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada. https://twitter.com/JeannieCallum
| | - Alyson L Mahar
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. https://twitter.com/alyson_mahar
| | - Sergio A Acuña
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada. https://twitter.com/seacm
| | - Matthew P Guttman
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada. https://twitter.com/MattGuttmanMD
| | - Victoria Zuk
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. https://twitter.com/vvvzuk
| | - Yulia Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada. https://twitter.com/dryulialin
| | - Alexis F Turgeon
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Centre, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit (Trauma - Emergency - Critical Care Medicine), Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada. https://twitter.com/AlexisTurgeon_
| | - Guillaume Martel
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Canada. https://twitter.com/ChamoGui
| | - Julie Hallet
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schaffhausser Filho CJ, Faria JCP, Suano-Souza FI, Sarni ROS. Red blood cell prescription and recognition of transfusion reactions by pediatricians. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2020; 18:eAO5446. [PMID: 32935828 PMCID: PMC7480493 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the level of knowledge of emergency pediatricians on red blood cell transfusions and their reactions. Methods Written survey with emergency pediatricians from a pediatric hospital. Results Less than 20% of pediatricians showed appropriate knowledge on prescribing red blood cells and recognition of transfusion reactions. There was no significant statistical regarding time since graduation and blood transfusion classes in undergraduate studies or during medical residency. Conclusion Pediatricians have insufficient knowledge about red blood cell transfusions and recognition of transfusion reactions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Faria JCP, Cansian B, Arruda ÉEC, Victorino CA, Szulman A. Prescription of red cell concentrates by emergency physicians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:466-471. [PMID: 32578780 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.4.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adequacy of the prescription of red cell concentrates by emergency physicians. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on the survey of transfusion requests records completed by emergency physicians, from May/2018 to April/2019, in an emergency hospital. Adequacy in the indication, volume, and subtype (filtered, irradiated, and washed) of prescribed erythrocytes were evaluated. To compare the qualitative data, we used the χ2 test. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS One thousand and twenty-two transfusions were evaluated. The indication, volume, and subtypes were correct in 72.7%, 45.9%, and 81.6% respectively. Transfusion in symptomatic patients presented superior adequacy when compared to asymptomatic individuals with significant statistical difference (indication: 79,6% vs 67.2%, p <0.001; Volume: 63.5% vs 31.7%, p <0.001; subtype: 85.3% vs 78.7%, p 0.006). Among clinical situations, there were more errors in sepsis (39.7%) and pneumonia (36.3%). More than half of the prescriptions presented excessive volume, raising the risk of circulatory overload, observing that the mean age was 60.6 years. The specific analysis of the prescribed subtypes showed adequacy of 17.9% in the filtered, 1.7% in the irradiated, and none in the washed. Thirty transfusions should have been filtered, but the prescriber did not request the subtype. CONCLUSION One hypothesis for the observed inaccuracies is inadequate medical training on the subject, both in undergraduate and medical residency, associated with a lack of continuing education on transfusion protocols. The transfusion Committee received the results of this study with a proposal for continuing education measures on transfusion hemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Pina Faria
- . Mestre em Ciências da Saúde pela Faculdade de Medicina do ABC , Santo André , SP , Brasil.,. Médico preceptor do Centro Universitário Saúde ABC ( Faculdade de Medicina do ABC ), Santo André , SP , Brasil.,. Docente do curso de Medicina da Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Bianca Cansian
- . Discente do curso de Medicina da Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Éric Edmur Camargo Arruda
- . Docente do curso de Medicina da Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo , SP , Brasil.,. Mestre em Ciências da Reabilitação pela Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Camila Augusta Victorino
- . Mestre em Ciências da Saúde pela Faculdade de Medicina do ABC , Santo André , SP , Brasil.,. Médica docente do curso de Medicina da Universidade Nove de Julho . São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Alexandre Szulman
- . Médico hematologista da Colsan ( Associação Beneficente de Coleta de Sangue ), São Paulo , SP , Brasil.,. Responsável técnico da agência transfusional do Hospital e Pronto-Socorro Central de São Bernardo do Campo , São Bernardo do Campo , SP , Brasil
| |
Collapse
|