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The role of Human Development Index in the epidemiology of asthma in adolescents in Kosovo: A cross-sectional multicentre Global Asthma Network (GAN) study. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:59-70. [PMID: 36916089 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i2.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very limited information is available on the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in adolescents in Kosovo, and no study has previously addressed the role of Human Development Index (HDI) on asthma in the region. The present study addresses these two issues. METHODS Following the Global Asthma Network (GAN) methodology, a cross-sectional survey, through standardised self-completed questionnaires, was conducted in the following six centres of Kosovo: Ferizaj, Gjakova, Gjilan, Peja, Prishtina and Prizren. Current asthma symptoms (CAS) and severe current asthma symptoms (sCAS) were defined according to the GAN standards. Environmental questionnaire inquired about gender, exercise, screening time, siblings, truck traffic, use of paracetamol, pet ownership, and smoking habits. Height and weight were also measured. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in each centre along with meta-analyses to summarise the overall effects of each factor in the centres as a whole. Meta-regression of the prevalence rates was calculated using HDI as a moderator. RESULTS Participation rate was high (80.0-99.9%). Prevalence of CAS ranged from 4.6% to 11.3%, and sCAS from 1.7% to 4.5%. Factors associated with CAS were exercise, computer time, paracetamol use and dog ownership. sCAS was associated with paracetamol use and physical exercise. HDI explained 46% and 80% of prevalence variability of CAS and sCAS between centres, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of CAS and sCAS in Kosovo varies highly between centres. This variability is explained partly by HDI. Individual risk factors are common, with some determined in other studies conducted in other regions.
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Singh S, Salvi S, Mangal DK, Singh M, Awasthi S, Mahesh PA, Kabra SK, Mohammed S, Sukumaran TU, Ghoshal AG, Barne M, Sinha S, Kochar SK, Singh N, Singh U, Patel KK, Sharma AK, Girase B, Chauhan A, Sit N, Siddaiah JB, Singh V. Prevalence, time trends and treatment practices of asthma in India: the Global Asthma Network study. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00528-2021. [PMID: 35651368 PMCID: PMC9149387 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00528-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this subanalysis of data from centres across urban areas in India of the Global Asthma Network (GAN) was to study 1) the prevalence of symptoms of asthma in children and adults, 2) the change in prevalence of asthma and its trigger factors since the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), and 3) current asthma treatment practice. Methods In this cross-sectional, multicentre, school-based and self-administered questionnaire, responses from children aged 6-7 years and 13-14 years, and their respective parents, were analysed. Results The GAN Phase I study included 20 084 children in the 6-7-year age group, 25 887 children in the 13-14-year age group and 81 296 parents. The prevalence of wheeze in the previous 12 months was 3.16%, 3.63% and 3.30% in the three groups, respectively. In comparison to the ISAAC studies, there was a significant reduction in the prevalence of current wheeze (p<0.001). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant reduction in the prevalence of trigger factors. Almost 82% of current wheezers and 70% of subjects with symptoms of severe asthma were not clinically diagnosed as having asthma. The daily use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was less than 2.5% in subjects with current wheeze and those with symptoms of severe asthma but less than 1% used daily ICS when asthma remained undiagnosed. Conclusion The prevalence of current wheeze and its causal factors showed a significant reduction compared to previous ISAAC studies. Among subjects with current wheeze and symptoms of severe asthma, the problem of under-diagnosis and under-treatment was widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetu Singh
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Rajasthan Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
| | | | - Meenu Singh
- Dept of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Changdigarh, India
| | - Shally Awasthi
- Dept of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Padukudru Anand Mahesh
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India
| | - Sushil K. Kabra
- Dept of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabir Mohammed
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Kothari Medical College and Research Institute, Bikaner, India
| | | | | | - Monica Barne
- Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Sanjeev Sinha
- Dept of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K. Kochar
- Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Kothari Medical College and Research Institute, Bikaner, India
| | - Nishtha Singh
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | - Arvind Kumar Sharma
- Dept of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Anil Chauhan
- Dept of Telemedicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niranjan Sit
- National Allergy Asthma Bronchitis Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayaraj B. Siddaiah
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysuru, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
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