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Shinde S, Kumari S, Prakash M, M PG, Khajuria A, Modi N, Chhabra GK, Paul P. A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Use of Tobacco, Attempts on Cessation, and Locus of Control Among College Students. Cureus 2023; 15:e46195. [PMID: 37905250 PMCID: PMC10613342 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Socio-cultural considerations (such as drug availability) and psychological traits play a significant role in predicting whether a person will use drugs in the future and dependency on the drugs. Second-, third-, and fourth-hand smoking and E-cigarettes are influencing factors for the use of tobacco in college students. This study conducted research to ascertain whether there is a potential relationship between tobacco consumption and various factors, including internal and external control sites and demographics. Materials and methods Participants in the study were found by walk-up distribution at multiple campus-wide smoking places, department announcements, and on-campus advertisements. Social media and participant references were also used in this study as recruitment tools. In addition, the locus of control questionnaire also identifies if the participating individual had extrinsic or intrinsic reinforcing routines. The classification of the participating individuals into respective internal and external locus of control was in accordance with their response survey after which a statistical analysis was done. Results This study found an association between smoking on campus and reported attempts to quit. Additionally, there is a strong association (r(85) = 0.31, p < 0.01) between reported tobacco use status and cigarette use on campus. Participants' gender and smoking status also had r(85) = 0.39, p-value < 0.01 correlation. The bulk of respondents indicated that they were seniors and off-campus living concluding for 36% (n = 34) and 60% (n = 51) of the total. Twenty-seven percent (n = 24) of the respondents were first-year college students and the rest 33% (n = 29) said their parents had no college education at all or incomplete college education. Conclusion Whenever there is a strong perception of organizational support for anti-tobacco policies, and improving compliance, there is a drastic increase in cigarette cessation and a drop in tobacco usage among those who still smoke. Perceived organizational support is strongly and positively connected with cessation among the organization's members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shinde
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Prakash Institute of Medical Sciences, Islampur, IND
| | - Sonali Kumari
- Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Manish Prakash
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Prashant G M
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davanagere, IND
| | - Anmol Khajuria
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, IND
| | - Nitin Modi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Gaurav Kumar Chhabra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education And Research, Deemed to be University, Wardha, IND
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Alsubaie S. Psychosocial Life Aspects among Substance Misuse Clients who are at Rehabilitation Phase: A Narrative Review. Health Psychol Res 2023; 11:66174. [PMID: 36777809 PMCID: PMC9907330 DOI: 10.52965/001c.66174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed at exploring the psychosocial life aspects among substance misuse clients through conducting a review of the literature related to the research topic. A scoping search in the literature revealed the significant lack of both local, regional and international studies exploring the psychosocial life aspects among substance misuse clients who are at the rehabilitation stage. Method A comprehensive literature search was performed using the keywords: "psychosocial, "psychological", "social", "life", "rehabilitation" and "substance misuse". The search process was performed in the following electronic databases "MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO". Full text articles, published in English during the period between 2016 and 2021 were included in the literature. Results A total of 7 studies were found to be in relation with the topic addressed in this study, which is the psychosocial life aspects of substance misuse clients at rehabilitation phase. The results showed that there is a significant weakness of psychosocial life aspects among substance misuse clients, in addition to a significant lack of both educational and training program that aim at enhancing and improving the psychosocial life aspects among substance misuse clients who are at the rehabilitation phase. Conclusion The study concluded that there should be concise and clear measurement tools to be used in assessing the psychosocial life aspects of substance misuse clients who are the rehabilitation phase.
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Akhan LU, Gezgin Yazici H. The Internalized Stigma and Self-Esteem in Individuals with Alcohol and Risky Substance Use Disorder. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2022.2107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Latife Utaş Akhan
- Mental Health Nursing Department, Bandırma On Yedi Eylül University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Havva Gezgin Yazici
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mental Health Nursing Department, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Ramsewak S, Putteeraj M, Somanah J. Exploring substance use disorders and relapse in Mauritian male addicts. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04731. [PMID: 32904255 PMCID: PMC7452487 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance Use Disorder (SUD) places a heavy burden on societal and health systems given its association with high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, including Mauritius. Illicit substances act as a positive reinforcement and stimulate addiction through its pleasure-seeking attributes. Aim This study focused on identifying the risk factors leading to SUD among Mauritian male addicts as well as examining the potency of those factors in SUD development. The study also aimed at determining the prevalence of relapse and its causation. Research setting A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months using a sample of 180 male addicts registered in a public hospital. A questionnaire investigating dimensions such as risk factors, self-esteem and peer pressure was administered. Findings A high percentage of relapse was noted amongst users within the first year of abstinence. Majority of respondents originated from nuclear or single parents’ family and were deprived of adequate social supports given their marital status. 57.5% of participants had a positive family history of SUD. Cannabis was the most commonly abused substance and 76.2% of the addicts were introduced to drugs through curiosity. Transposing the results against the Gateway Drug Theory showed a constant progression from soft to hard drugs for male addicts, a trend which was consistent with literature. Lastly, a theoretical model was developed based on the strong statistical association found between impulsivity and reduced thought processes prior to relapse; data revealing increased impulsivity which is a common trait in antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder as being largely responsible for relapse. Conclusion The study was successful in bringing out the most common risk factors of SUDs which are linked to low socioeconomic status. The inability of addicts to progress with their rehabilitation given the alarming 92% of relapse was related to social pressure as prime deterrent to successful remission. Programmes involving relapse prevention must implemented in the first year of abstinence to facilitate rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalina Ramsewak
- Psychiatry Department, Dr A.G. Jeetoo Hospital, Port-Louis, Mauritius
| | - Manish Putteeraj
- School of Health Sciences, La Tour Koeing, Point aux Sables, 11108, University of Technology, Mauritius
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jhoti Somanah
- School of Health Sciences, La Tour Koeing, Point aux Sables, 11108, University of Technology, Mauritius
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Identifying the Challenges of Prehospital and Hospital Emergency Services During the Management of Alcohol Poisoning Disaster in the City of Rafsanjan. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Heidari M, Sheikhi RA, Rezaei P, Kabirian Abyaneh S. Comparing Quality of Life of Elderly Menopause Living in Urban and Rural Areas. J Menopausal Med 2019; 25:28-34. [PMID: 31080786 PMCID: PMC6487286 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2019.25.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to compare the quality of life of elderly menopause living in urban/rural areas of Abadeh, Iran. Methods This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 urban and 68 rural elderly population using the two-stage (systematic random classification) and objective-based sampling methods. Data were collected by Leiden-Padua questionnaire for assessment of quality of life in elderly menopause. SPSS software (version 21) and descriptive-analytical tests were used for data analysis. Results The results showed that the overall quality of life was 37.5 and 34.2 in rural and urban areas, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was observed between them. However, there was statistically significant difference in the mean score of depression and anxiety, cognitive function, social function, life satisfaction, and sexual activity in urban and rural elderly menopause (P < 0.001). Conclusions It seems necessary to pay more attention to the elderly menopause to improve their quality of life and consider proper planning for their empowerment and coping skills training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, ShahreKord, Iran
| | - Rahim Ali Sheikhi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Rezaei
- Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lassi G, Taylor AE, Mahedy L, Heron J, Eisen T, Munafò MR. Locus of control is associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption in young adults of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181133. [PMID: 31031995 PMCID: PMC6458410 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Individuals appraise events as a consequence of their own actions (i.e. internal locus of control, LoC) or as the outcome of chance or others' will (i.e. external LoC). We hypothesized that having a more external LoC would be associated with higher risk of tobacco and alcohol use. Few studies have examined this association using large prospective data. We evaluated within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) the associations between LoC at 16 and tobacco and alcohol consumption at 17 and 21 years using logistic regression. A more external LoC at age 16 (N = 4656) was associated with higher odds of being a weekly smoker at age 17 (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.25) and 21 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21) and with dependence measured using the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence at age 17 (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.51) and 21 (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.49). Individuals with external LoC at age 16 were more likely to be hazardous drinkers according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test at age 17 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.15) but not at 21 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.06). Having a more external LoC at age 16 is associated with increased tobacco consumption at age 17 and 21 and alcohol consumption at 17 years. LoC may represent an intervention target for preventing substance use and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Lassi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Genomics Research, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. E. Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L. Mahedy
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J. Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T. Eisen
- Oncology Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. R. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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The Experience of Therapeutic Community: Emotional and Motivational Dynamics of People with Drug Addiction Following Rehabilitation. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-0008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Behzadifar M, Sohrabi R, Mohammadibakhsh R, Salemi M, Moghadam ST, Taheri Mirghaedm M, Behzadifar M, Baradaran HR, Bragazzi NL. General health status in Iranian diabetic patients assessed by short-form-36 questionnaire: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:34. [PMID: 29855368 PMCID: PMC5984362 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications and deterioration in general health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate general health status among Iranian diabetic patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of study utilizing the Short-Form-36 questionnaire. METHODS Searching the EMBASE, PubMed, ISI/Web of Sciences (WOS), MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycoINFO, as well as Iranian databases (MagIran, Iranmedex, and SID) from January 2000 to December 2017. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the "A Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool: for Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions" (ACROBAT-NRSI). Random-effect model was used and the means were reported with their 95% confidence interval (CI). To evaluate the heterogeneity between studies, I2 test was used. Egger's regression test was used to assess the publication bias. RESULTS Fourteen studies were retained in the final analysis. The mean general health status using SF-36 in diabetic patients of Iran was 51.9 (95% CI: 48.64 to 53.54). The mean physical component summary was 52.92 [95% CI: 49.46-56.38], while the mean mental component summary was 51.02 [95% CI: 46.87-55.16]. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that general health status in Iranian diabetic patients is low. Health policymakers should work to improve the health status in these patients and take appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rahim Sohrabi
- Iranian Social Security Organization, Zanjan Province Health Administration, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Salemi
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sharare Taheri Moghadam
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Taheri Mirghaedm
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Behzadifar
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Endocrine Research Center Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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