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Chaudhary P, Singh D, Swapnil P, Meena M, Janmeda P. Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian Spurge Tree): A Plant of Multiple Biological and Pharmacological Activities. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:1225. [DOI: 10.3390/su15021225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although India has a well-established and growing economy surrounding synthetic drug chemistry with an antibiotic base, a large part of the population, especially in forested villages and tribal belts, is relying solely on plant-derived drugs. This is due to a lower number of side effects, low chances of resistance development against pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the diversity and affordability of such drugs. In the Indian subcontinents, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (EN) is one of the valuable plants from the big family of Euphorbiaceae, which is usually found in rocky and hilly areas. E. neriifolia was found to be useful in curing tumors, abdominal swelling, bronchial infection, hydrophobia, earache, cough and cold, asthma, leprosy, gonorrhea, spleen enlargement, leucoderma, snake bites, scorpion stings, and causing appetite improvement, etc. Different in vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed to determine the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, wound healing, anti-atherosclerosis, radioprotective, anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic, anti-thrombotic, dermal irritation, hemolytic, analgesic, anti-fertility, diuretic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal, and anti-carcinogenic activities of the various parts of EN. Several bioactive compounds, such as euphol, nerifoliol, taraxerol, euphonerins A–G, lectin, etc., were isolated from E. neriifolia and need to be investigated further for various biological activities (cardiovascular and neuronal diseases). In the pharmaceutical sector, E. neriifolia was selected for the development of new drugs due to its broad pharmacological activities. Therefore, in the present review, distribution, classification, morphological and microscopical description, phytochemical investigation, pharmacological activities, medicinal uses, harmful effects, and their treatment were evaluated, especially against different lifestyle-related diseases.
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Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, and Pharmacological Properties of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. against Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144374. [PMID: 35889247 PMCID: PMC9319654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have considerable potential as antimicrobial agents due to the presence of secondary metabolites. This comprehensive overview aims to summarize the classification, morphology, and ethnobotanical uses of Euphorbia neriifolia L. and its derived phytochemicals with the recent updates on the pharmacological properties against emerging infectious diseases, mainly focusing on bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. The data were collected from electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink by utilizing several keywords like 'Euphorbia neriifolia', 'phytoconstituents', 'traditional uses', 'ethnopharmacological uses', 'infectious diseases', 'molecular mechanisms', 'COVID-19', 'bacterial infection', 'viral infection', etc. The results related to the antimicrobial actions of these plant extracts and their derived phytochemicals were carefully reviewed and summarized. Euphol, monohydroxy triterpene, nerifoliol, taraxerol, β-amyrin, glut-5-(10)-en-1-one, neriifolione, and cycloartenol are the leading secondary metabolites reported in phytochemical investigations. These chemicals have been shown to possess a wide spectrum of biological functions. Different extracts of E. neriifolia exerted antimicrobial activities against various pathogens to different extents. Moreover, major phytoconstituents present in this plant, such as quercetin, rutin, friedelin, taraxerol, epitaraxerol, taraxeryl acetate, 3β-friedelanol, 3β-acetoxy friedelane, 3β-simiarenol, afzelin, 24-methylene cycloarenol, ingenol triacetate, and β-amyrin, showed significant antimicrobial activities against various pathogens that are responsible for emerging infectious diseases. This plant and the phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids, have been found to have significant antimicrobial properties. The current evidence suggests that they might be used as leads in the development of more effective drugs to treat emerging infectious diseases, including the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
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Chang SS, Huang HT, Lin YC, Chao CH, Liao GY, Lin ZH, Huang HC, Chun-Ling Kuo J, Liaw CC, Tai CJ, Kuo YH. Neritriterpenols A-G, euphane and tirucallane triterpenes from Euphorbia neriifolia L. and their bioactivity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 199:113199. [PMID: 35427651 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia neriifolia L. is widely distributed in India, Thailand, and China and has been used to treat diseases such as rotten sores and asthma as well as for its antidiabetic and anticancer effects. In this study, seven undescribed triterpenes, including six euphanes, neritriterpenols A-B and D-G, and a tirucallane, neritriterpenol C, together with four known triterpenes, were isolated from ethanolic extracts of E. neriifolia stems. Their structures with absolute configurations were determined through detailed spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR data analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, ECD spectra, and DP4+ NMR data calculations as well as Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD analysis. Furthermore, preliminarily evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of the isolated triterpenes leads to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies implying that the unsaturated functional group at the end of the C17 side chain on euphane-type triterpenes may be correlated with the increase of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Chang
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan
| | - Geng-You Liao
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jenny Chun-Ling Kuo
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600355, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Jei Tai
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.
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