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Cao K, Gong H, Qiu Z, Wen Q, Zhang B, Tang T, Zhou X, Cao T, Wang B, Shi H, Wang R. Hepatitis B virus X protein reduces the stability of Nrdp1 to up-regulate ErbB3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10375-82. [PMID: 26846102 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most widespread type of liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis is very intricate and HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) has been reported to play a key role in this process. It has been reported that HBx up-regulates the transcription of ErbB3. However, it remains unclear whether HBx can regulate ErbB3 expression at post-translational modification level. In this study, we showed that HBx interacts with ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 (neuregulin receptor degradation protein 1) and decreases its stability, which results in the up-regulation of ErbB3 and promotion of HCC cells. Moreover, the expression of ErbB3 was almost undetectable in normal liver tissues but was relative abundant in HCC tissues, and the level of ErbB3 and Nrdp1 significantly showed a negative correlation in HCC tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest that HBx promotes the progression of HCC by decreasing the stability of Nrdp1, which results in up-regulation of ErbB3, suggesting that ErbB3 may be a target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Cao
- Department of general surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Gong
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Neurosurgery Department of Jiangsu Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Neurosurgery Department of Jiangsu Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Department of general surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of general surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Tianjin Tang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of general surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China. .,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Renhao Wang
- Department of general surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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Hepatitis B virus X upregulates HuR protein level to stabilize HER2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:827415. [PMID: 24719890 PMCID: PMC3955687 DOI: 10.1155/2014/827415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis is very complicated and HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) has been reported to play the most important role in this process. Activation of downstream signal pathways of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is known to mediate HBx-dependent HCC tumor progression. Interestingly, HER2 (also known as ErbB2/Neu/EGFR2) is frequently overexpressed in HBx-expressing HCC patients and is associated with their poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether and how HBx regulates HER2 expression. In this study, our data showed that HBx expression increased HER2 protein level via enhancing its mRNA stability. The induction of RNA-binding protein HuR expression by HBx mediated the HER2 mRNA stabilization. Finally, the upregulated HER2 expression promoted the migration ability of HBx-expressing HCC cells. These findings deciphered the molecular mechanism of HBx-mediated HER2 upregulation in HBV-associated HCC.
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Abbas Z, Qureshi M, Hamid S, Jafri W. Hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis D: does it differ from hepatitis B monoinfection? Saudi J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:18-22. [PMID: 22249087 PMCID: PMC3271688 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.91731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hepatitis D virus (HDV) superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B leads to accelerated liver injury, early cirrhosis, and decompensation. It may be speculated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may differ in these patients from hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfection. The aim of this study was to compare clinical aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients of hepatitis D with HBV monoinfection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 92 consecutive HCC cases seropositive for antibody against HDV antigen (HDV group) were compared with 92 HBsAg-positive and anti-HDV-negative cases (HBV group). RESULTS The features including sex, body mass index, presence of ascites, serum biochemistry, gross tumor appearance, child class, barcelona cancer liver clinic and okuda stages were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Decreased liver size was noticed more in cases of HDV compared with HBV group where the liver size was normal or increased (P=0.000). HDV patients had lower platelets (P=0.053) and larger varices on endoscopy (P=0.004). Multifocal tumors and elevated alpha-fetoprotein level >1000 IU/mL were more common in HBV group (P=0.040 and P= 0.061). TNM classification showed more stage III-IV disease in HBV group (P=0.000). CONCLUSION Decreased liver size and indirect evidence of more severe portal hypertension and earlier TNM stage compared with HBV monoinfection indicate that HDV infection causes HCC in a different way, possibly indirectly by inducing inflammation and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang D, Li Y, Huang A. Expression of the PreS1 Peptide of Hepatitis B Virus and Preparation of Its Polyclonal Antibody. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2011; 30:525-30. [PMID: 22149277 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Chen
- The Clinical Laboratory Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Clinical Laboratory Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding Wang
- The Clinical Laboratory Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- The Clinical Laboratory Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- The Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Gurtsevitch VE. Human oncogenic viruses: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and their role in hepatocarcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:504-13. [PMID: 18605975 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infections caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the main risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. Both viruses cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from healthy carrier state to acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC. HBV and HCV belong to different viral families (Hepadnoviridae and Flaviviridae, respectively); they are characterized by different genetic structures. Clinical manifestations of these viral infections result from the interaction between these viruses and host hepatocytes (i.e. between viral and cell genomes). Proteins encoded by both viruses play an important role in processes responsible for immortalization and transformation of these cells. Chronic inflammation determined by host immune response to the viral infection, hepatocyte death and their compensatory proliferation, as well as modulation of expression of some regulatory proteins of the cell (growth factors, cytokines, etc.) are the processes that play the major role in liver cancer induced by HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Gurtsevitch
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115478, Russia.
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6
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Quer J, Martell M, Rodriguez F, Bosch A, Jardi R, Buti M, Esteban J. The Impact of Rapid Evolution of Hepatitis Viruses. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF VIRUSES 2008:303-349. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374153-0.00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Kim S, Kim HY, Lee S, Kim SW, Sohn S, Kim K, Cho H. Hepatitis B virus x protein induces perinuclear mitochondrial clustering in microtubule- and Dynein-dependent manners. J Virol 2007; 81:1714-26. [PMID: 17151129 PMCID: PMC1797565 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01863-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) is thought to play a key role in HBV replication and the development of liver cancer. It became apparent that HBx induces mitochondrial clustering at the nuclear periphery, but the molecular basis for mitochondrial clustering is not understood. Since mitochondria move along the cytoskeleton as a cargo of motor proteins, we hypothesized that mitochondrial clustering induced by HBx occurs by an altered intracellular motility. Here, we demonstrated that the treatment of HBx-expressing cells with a microtubule-disrupting drug (nocodazole) abrogated mitochondrial clustering, while the removal of nocodazole restored clustering within 30 to 60 min, indicating that mitochondrial transport is occurring in a microtubule-dependent manner. The addition of a cytochalasin D-disrupting actin filament, however, did not measurably affect mitochondrial clustering. Mitochondrial clustering was further studied by observations of HBV-related hepatoma cells and HBV-replicating cells. Importantly, the abrogation of the dynein activity in HBx-expressing cells by microinjection of a neutralizing anti-dynein intermediate-chain antibody, dynamitin overexpression, or the addition of a dynein ATPase inhibitor significantly suppressed the mitochondrial clustering. In addition, HBx induced the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibition of the p38 kinase activity by SB203580-attenuated HBx-induced mitochondrial clustering. Taken together, HBx activation of the p38 MAPK contributed to the increase in the microtubule-dependent dynein activity. The data suggest that HBx plays a novel regulatory role in subcellular transport systems, perhaps facilitating the process of maturation and/or assembly of progeny particles during HBV replication. Furthermore, mitochondrion aggregation induced by HBx may represent a cellular process that underlies disease progression during chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 5 Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-721, Korea
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Qian B, Shen H, Xiong J, Chen L, Zhang L, Jia J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yuan Z, Cao K, Zhang D. Expression and purification of the synthetic preS1 gene of Hepatitis B Virus with preferred Escherichia coli codon preference. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 48:74-80. [PMID: 16439156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To produce high levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS1 protein at low cost, a DNA fragment encoding the preS1 region, residues 1-119, of HBV adr subtype was synthesized by overlapping-PCR according to Escherichia coli (E. coli) B preferred codon usage. The synthetic preS1 gene (spreS1) was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pET-30a and transferred into the expression strain E. coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant preS1 protein with an N-terminal His6 tag was expressed at high levels in soluble form, yielding about 44% of the total cellular protein. This technique overcomes problems that existed in previously reported expression systems of preS1 or its epitope, i.e., low-level expression or expression in inclusion bodies. Using this His-tagged preS1 expression system, recombinant protein was purified by single-step affinity chromatography on a Ni-NTA column resulting in a yield was about 28 mg recombinant protein per liter culture. Furthermore, Western blotting and indirect ELISA analysis demonstrate that the reactivity of preS1-specific antibody is comparable between the recombinant and commercialized preS1 protein. Thus, our improved expression system could be used for practical, low-cost large-scale production of recombinant preS1 without refolding steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Qian
- SJTU-SIBS-PSU Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Barone M. Hepatitis D-related cirrhosis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. Radiology 2004; 233:299-300. [PMID: 15454627 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2331040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important primary hepatic cancer, being a common cancer type worldwide. Many aetiological factors have been related with HCC development, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis viruses and alcohol. Chronic infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) often results in cirrhosis and enhances the probability of developing HCC. The underlying mechanisms that lead to malignant transformation of infected cells, however, remain unclear. HBV is a DNA virus that integrates into the host genome, and this integration is believed, in part, to be carcinogenic. Besides, the virus encodes a 17 kDa protein, HBx, which is known to be a causative agent in the formation of HCC. On the contrary, HCV is a RNA virus that does not integrate into the host genome but likely induces HCC through host protein interactions or via the inflammatory response to the virus. Products encoded in the HCV genome interfere with and disturb intracellular signal transduction. Some HCV proteins, such as the core protein, NS3 and NS5A, have seen to have a regulatory effect on cellular promoters, to interact with a number of cellular proteins, and to be involved in programmed-cell death modulation under certain conditions. The identification of these proteins functions in HCC development and the subsequent development of strategies to inhibit protein-protein interactions may be the first step towards reducing the chronicity and/or of the carcinogenicity of these two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anzola
- Departamento de Z, y Dinámica Celular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
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Kannangai R, Molmenti E, Arrazola L, Klein A, Choti M, Thomas DL, Torbenson M. Occult hepatitis B viral DNA in liver carcinomas from a region with a low prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection. J Viral Hepat 2004; 11:297-301. [PMID: 15230851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2004.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B is defined by the presence of hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA in the serum or liver in persons lacking hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. A high prevalence of occult HBV has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Asia, but little information is available on the prevalence of occult HBV in HCC from regions with a low prevalence of typical chronic hepatitis B infection. In a retrospective study, 19 cases of primary liver cancer were investigated for the presence of occult HBV DNA by amplification of the surface, core, and X gene. In addition, HBV copy numbers were quantitated by real time polymerase chain reaction, genotyped, and samples tested for covalently closed circular HBV DNA, which is a marker of active viral replication. Occult HBV was found in three of 19 cases (16%). Genotyping was successful in two cases, both of which were genotype A. HBV DNA copy numbers were low, all less than 10 copies/microg liver DNA. No closed circular HBV DNA was detected. Thus, in this study occult HBV was of genotype A and was found in a low percentage of cases of HCC and was associated with low tissue HBV DNA copy numbers and no detectable evidence for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kannangai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Gao LF, Sun WS, Ma CH, Liu SX, Wang XY, Zhang LN, Cao YL, Zhu FL, Liu YG. Establishment of mice model with human viral hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:841-6. [PMID: 15040029 PMCID: PMC4727006 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i6.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To establish a mice model of hepatitis B by using HBV-transgenic mice, and to transfer HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced from syngeneic BALB/c mice immunized by a eukaryotic expression vector containing HBV complete genome DNA.
METHODS: HBV DNA was obtained from digested pBR322-2HBV and ligated with the vector pcDNA3. Recombinant pcDNA3-HBV was identified by restriction endonuclease assay and transfected into human hepatoma cell line HepG2 with lipofectin. ELISA was used to detect the expression of HBsAg in culture supernatant, and RT-PCR to determine the existence of HBV PreS1 mRNA. BALB/c mice were immunized with pcDNA3-HBV or pcDNA3 by intramuscular injection. ELISA was used to detect the expression of HBsAb in serum. MTT assay was used to measure non-specific or specific proliferation ability and specific killing activity of spleen lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from immunized mice were transferred into HBV-transgenic mice (2.5 × 107 per mouse). Forty-eight hours later, the level of serum protein and transaminase was detected with biochemical method, liver and kidney were sectioned and stained by HE to observe the pathological changes.
RESULTS: By enzyme digestion with Eco RI, Xho I and Hind III, the recombinant pcDNA3-HBV was verified to contain a single copy of HBV genome, which was inserted in the positive direction. HepG2 cells transfected with the recombinant could stably express PreS1 mRNA and HBsAg. After immunized by pcDNA3-HBV for 4 weeks, HBsAb was detected in the serum of BALB/c mice. The potential of spleen lymphocytes for both non-specific and specific proliferation and the specific killing activity against target cells were enhanced. The transgenic mice in model group had no significant changes in the level of serum protein but had an obvious increase of ALT and AST. The liver had obvious pathological changes, while the kidney had no evident damage.
CONCLUSION: A eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-HBV containing HBV complete genome is constructed successfully. HepG2 cells transfected with the recombinant can express PreS1 mRNA and HBsAg stably. Specific cellular immune response can be induced in mice immunized by pcDNA3-HBV. A mice model of acute hepatitis with HBV has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Gao
- Institute of Immunology, Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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