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Dutt Y, Pandey RP, Dutt M, Gupta A, Vibhuti A, Vidic J, Raj VS, Chang CM, Priyadarshini A. Therapeutic applications of nanobiotechnology. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:148. [PMID: 37149615 PMCID: PMC10163736 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology, as a novel and more specialized branch of science, has provided a number of nanostructures such as nanoparticles, by utilizing the methods, techniques, and protocols of other branches of science. Due to the unique features and physiobiological characteristics, these nanostructures or nanocarriers have provided vast methods and therapeutic techniques, against microbial infections and cancers and for tissue regeneration, tissue engineering, and immunotherapies, and for gene therapies, through drug delivery systems. However, reduced carrying capacity, abrupt and non-targeted delivery, and solubility of therapeutic agents, can affect the therapeutic applications of these biotechnological products. In this article, we explored and discussed the prominent nanobiotechnological methods and products such as nanocarriers, highlighted the features and challenges associated with these products, and attempted to conclude if available nanostructures offer any scope of improvement or enhancement. We aimed to identify and emphasize the nanobiotechnological methods and products, with greater prospect and capacity for therapeutic improvements and enhancements. We found that novel nanocarriers and nanostructures, such as nanocomposites, micelles, hydrogels, microneedles, and artificial cells, can address the associated challenges and inherited drawbacks, with help of conjugations, sustained and stimuli-responsive release, ligand binding, and targeted delivery. We recommend that nanobiotechnology, despite having few challenges and drawbacks, offers immense opportunities that can be harnessed in delivering quality therapeutics with precision and prediction. We also recommend that, by exploring the branched domains more rigorously, bottlenecks and obstacles can also be addressed and resolved in return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
| | - Mamta Dutt
- Mamta Dental Clinic, Opposite Sector 29, Main Badkhal Road, Faridabad, Haryana, 121002, India
| | - Archana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - V Samuel Raj
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
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2
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Guo R, Zhuang H, Chen X, Ben Y, Fan M, Wang Y, Zheng P. Tissue engineering in growth plate cartilage regeneration: Mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231187956. [PMID: 37483459 PMCID: PMC10359656 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231187956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of growth plate injuries is a highly complex process that involves precise spatiotemporal regulation of multiple cell types. While significant progress has been made in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying growth plate injuries, effectively regulating this process to regenerate the injured growth plate cartilage remains a challenge. Tissue engineering technology has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for achieving tissue regeneration through the use of functional biological materials, seed cells and biological factors, and it is now widely applied to the regeneration of bone and cartilage. However, due to the unique structure and function of growth plate cartilage, distinct strategies are required for effective regeneration. Thus, this review provides an overview of current research on the application of tissue engineering to promote growth plate regeneration. It aims to elucidates the underlying mechanisms by which tissue engineering promotes growth plate regeneration and to provide novel insights and therapeutic strategies for future research on the regeneration of growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Autologous Culture Expanded Iliac Crest Chondrocytes in Chitosan Hyaluronic Acid Dialdehyde Gel Regenerate Caprine Growth Plate. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Wang X, Li Z, Wang C, Bai H, Wang Z, Liu Y, Bao Y, Ren M, Liu H, Wang J. Enlightenment of Growth Plate Regeneration Based on Cartilage Repair Theory: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:654087. [PMID: 34150725 PMCID: PMC8209549 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.654087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth plate (GP) is a cartilaginous region situated between the epiphysis and metaphysis at the end of the immature long bone, which is susceptible to mechanical damage because of its vulnerable structure. Due to the limited regeneration ability of the GP, current clinical treatment strategies (e.g., bone bridge resection and fat engraftment) always result in bone bridge formation, which will cause length discrepancy and angular deformity, thus making satisfactory outcomes difficult to achieve. The introduction of cartilage repair theory and cartilage tissue engineering technology may encourage novel therapeutic approaches for GP repair using tissue engineered GPs, including biocompatible scaffolds incorporated with appropriate seed cells and growth factors. In this review, we summarize the physiological structure of GPs, the pathological process, and repair phases of GP injuries, placing greater emphasis on advanced tissue engineering strategies for GP repair. Furthermore, we also propose that three-dimensional printing technology will play a significant role in this field in the future given its advantage of bionic replication of complex structures. We predict that tissue engineering strategies will offer a significant alternative to the management of GP injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggang Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yirui Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA 965 Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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5
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Microcomputed tomographic, biomechanical and histological analyses of lumbar interbody fusion with iliac crest bone graft in a pig model. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to assess the progress of vertebral stability after lumbar interbody fusion related to microcomputed tomography (micro CT), biomechanical analysis, and histological assessment towards spine fusion. Twelve male pigs were used; each underwent L2-3 discectomy and implantation of an iliac crest bone graft in two groups; six spines were harvested eight weeks (A1) and six spines 16 weeks (A2) after surgery (7 native spines for biomechanical analysis). The CT was performed by GE phoenix datos|x 2.0 with a sample drift correction. The samples were divided according to fusion quality. Biomechanical evaluation was carried out on the MTS Mini Bionix testing system. In the nondestructive mode, three cycles of pure bending moments were applied (5 Nm load limit) at a rate of 20 °/min in flexion (+40 °) and extension (-40 °). Two representative histological sections from four samples were obtained (A1, n = 2; A2, n = 2); areas of mature bone were quantified. In micro CT, better results were achieved in group A2 (not significant). Eight weeks after the operation, flexural stiffness decreased to 48% of its initial value for native cadavers (P < 0.05); after 16 weeks it was comparable to native cadavers, demonstrating the suitability of the implanted graft (P < 0.05). The newly formed bone tissue occupied an average area of 94.205 mm2 (A1) and 26.240 mm2 (A2). It was confirmed that micro CT, biomechanical analysis, and histological assessment are technically feasible and suitable for the evaluation of results of other methods of large bone defect treatment.
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Chiari C, Walzer S, Stelzeneder D, Schreiner M, Windhager R. [Therapeutic utilization of stem cells in orthopedics]. DER ORTHOPADE 2017; 46:1077-1090. [PMID: 28986619 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-017-3475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are becoming increasingly more important in the field of regenerative medicine. Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are harvested predominantly from bone marrow or adipose tissue, are already being used in the clinical setting and have a low potential for side effects. In orthopedics, experience has been gained in the treatment of bone defects, non-unions, cartilage defects, osteoarthritis and tendon pathologies. The current data are derived from case studies and randomized controlled trials are missing; therefore, there are many open questions concerning the optimal cell source, number of cells, administration technique (e.g. injections and matrices) or combinations with growth factors; however, it is evident from the data that MSCs have a positive effect on tissue regeneration and are safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiari
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| | - S Walzer
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - D Stelzeneder
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - M Schreiner
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - R Windhager
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
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Shaw N, Erickson C, Bryant SJ, Ferguson VL, Krebs MD, Hadley-Miller N, Payne KA. Regenerative Medicine Approaches for the Treatment of Pediatric Physeal Injuries. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:85-97. [PMID: 28830302 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The physis, or growth plate, is a cartilaginous region at the end of children's long bones that serves as the primary center for longitudinal growth and characterizes the immature skeleton. Musculoskeletal injury, including fracture, infection, malignancy, or iatrogenic damage, has risk of physeal damage. Physeal injuries account for 30% of pediatric fractures and may result in impaired bone growth. Once damaged, cartilage tissue within the physis is often replaced by unwanted bony tissue, forming a "bony bar" that can lead to complications such as complete growth arrest, angular or rotational deformities, and altered joint mechanics. Children with a bony bar occupying <50% of the physis usually undergo bony bar resection and insertion of an interpositional material, such as a fat graft, to prevent recurrence and allow the surrounding uninjured physeal tissue to restore longitudinal bone growth. Clinical success for this procedure is <35% and often the bony bar and associated growth impairments return. Children who are not candidates for bony bar resection due to a physeal bar occupying >50% of their physis undergo corrective osteotomy or bone lengthening procedures. These approaches are complex and have variable success rates. As such, there is a critical need for regenerative approaches to not only prevent initial bony bar formation but also regenerate healthy physeal cartilage following injury. This review describes physeal anatomy, mechanisms of physeal injury, and current treatment options with associated limitations. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the current research using cell-based therapies, growth factors, and biomaterials in the different animal models of injury along with strategic directions for modulating intrinsic injury pathways to inhibit bony bar formation and/or promote physeal tissue formation. Pediatric physeal injuries constitute a unique niche within regenerative medicine for which there is a critical need for research to decrease child morbidity related to this injurious process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Shaw
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher Erickson
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- 3 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado.,4 BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado.,5 Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- 4 BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado.,5 Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado.,6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- 7 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado.,8 Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nancy Hadley-Miller
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Karin A Payne
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado.,8 Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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8
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Erickson CB, Shaw N, Hadley-Miller N, Riederer MS, Krebs MD, Payne KA. A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28715376 DOI: 10.3791/55571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A third of all pediatric fractures involve the growth plate and can result in impaired bone growth. The growth plate (or physis) is cartilage tissue found at the end of all long bones in children that is responsible for longitudinal bone growth. Once damaged, cartilage tissue within the growth plate can undergo premature ossification and lead to unwanted bony repair tissue, which forms a "bony bar." In some cases, this bony bar can result in bone growth deformities, such as angular deformities, or it can completely halt longitudinal bone growth. There is currently no clinical treatment that can fully repair an injured growth plate. Using an animal model of growth plate injury to better understand the mechanisms underlying bony bar formation and to identify ways to inhibit it is a great opportunity to develop better treatments for growth plate injuries. This protocol describes how to disrupt the rat proximal tibial growth plate using a drill-hole defect. This small animal model reliably produces a bony bar and can result in growth deformities similar to those seen in children. This model allows for investigation into the molecular mechanisms of bony bar formation and serves as a means to test potential treatment options for growth plate injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Erickson
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Nichole Shaw
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Michael S Riederer
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines
| | - Karin A Payne
- Department of Orthopedics, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus;
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9
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Otsuki D, Yoshida K, Kobayashi M, Hamano D, Higuchi C, Yoshikawa H. Costal cartilage transplantation for treatment of growth plate injury in a rabbit model. J Child Orthop 2017; 11:20-27. [PMID: 28439305 PMCID: PMC5382332 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548-11-160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of allogenic costal cartilage transplantation on preventing bony bridge formation and angular deformities for the treatment of partial growth plate injury using a rabbit model. METHODS An experimental model of partial growth injury was created by resecting the medial part of the proximal tibial growth plate in male six-week-old New Zealand White rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups: no surgery; no transplantation; bone wax transplantation; and allogenic costal cartilage transplantation. The angular deformities of the tibia and bony bridge were analysed using radiographs and microcomputed tomography, and the repair of the injured growth plate cartilage and bony bridge formation rate were histologically evaluated. RESULTS On radiographic evaluation, the varus deformities in the costal cartilage group were significantly improved compared with the no transplantation group at four and eight weeks after operation and with the bone wax group at eight weeks after operation. Micro-computed tomography showed that the bony bridge formation was prevented in the bone wax and costal cartilage groups. Histological findings showed that the bony bridge formation in the bone wax and costal cartilage group was decreased. In addition, the growth plate was continuous and stained with safranin O and immunohistochemically stained for type II collagen. CONCLUSION Transplantation of costal cartilage improved angular deformities and decreased bony bridge formation in the partial growth plate injury. Costal cartilage might be a suitable graft for the treatment of growth plate injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Otsuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2–2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - K. Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2–2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan,Correspondence should be sent to: K. Yoshida, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2–2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan.
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2–2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - D. Hamano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2–2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - C. Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594–1101, Japan
| | - H. Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2–2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
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Lee SU, Lee JY, Joo SY, Lee YS, Jeong C. Transplantation of a Scaffold-Free Cartilage Tissue Analogue for the Treatment of Physeal Cartilage Injury of the Proximal Tibia in Rabbits. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:441-8. [PMID: 26847298 PMCID: PMC4740538 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.2.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transplantation of an in vitro-generated, scaffold-free, tissue-engineered cartilage tissue analogue (CTA) using a suspension chondrocyte culture in a rabbit growth-arrest model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We harvested cartilage cells from the articular cartilage of the joints of white rabbits and made a CTA using a suspension culture of 2×10⁷ cells/mL. An animal growth plate defect model was made on the medial side of the proximal tibial growth plate of both tibias of 6-week-old New Zealand white rabbits (n=10). The allogenic CTA was then transplanted onto the right proximal tibial defect. As a control, no implantation was performed on the left-side defect. Plain radiographs and the medial proximal tibial angle were obtained at 1-week intervals for evaluation of bone bridge formation and the degree of angular deformity until postoperative week 6. We performed a histological evaluation using hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue staining at postoperative weeks 4 and 6. RESULTS Radiologic study revealed a median medial proximal tibial angle of 59.0° in the control group and 80.0° in the CTA group at 6 weeks. In the control group, statistically significant angular deformities were seen 3 weeks after transplantation (p<0.05). On histological examination, the transplanted CTA was maintained in the CTA group at 4 and 6 weeks postoperative. Bone bridge formation was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION In this study, CTA transplantation minimized deformity in the rabbit growth plate injury model, probably via the attenuation of bone bridge formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Uk Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sun Young Joo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Suk Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Changhoon Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea.
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Abstract
Basic science and experimental research on stem cells has increased exponentially in the last decade. Our present knowledge about stem cell biology is better than ever before. This new paradigm shift in research has been reflected in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Various experimental models have suggested a potential application of stem cells for different orthopaedic conditions, and early clinical results of stem cell use have been encouraging. These cells can be easily isolated, processed and made available for clinical use. From healing of bone defects caused by trauma, tumor or infection to cartilage defects, nerve, tendon and ligament healing, stem cell use has the potential to revolutionize orthopaedic practice. The purpose of this article is to orient a general orthopaedic surgeon towards the current use and clinical applications of stem cell based therapy in orthopaedics and to provide a complete overview of the clinical advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Maniar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
| | - A A Tawari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
| | - M Suk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
| | - D S Horwitz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
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12
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Chung R, Xian CJ. Recent research on the growth plate: Mechanisms for growth plate injury repair and potential cell-based therapies for regeneration. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:T45-61. [PMID: 25114207 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the growth plate cartilage often lead to bony repair, resulting in bone growth defects such as limb length discrepancy and angulation deformity in children. Currently utilised corrective surgeries are highly invasive and limited in their effectiveness, and there are no known biological therapies to induce cartilage regeneration and prevent the undesirable bony repair. In the last 2 decades, studies have investigated the cellular and molecular events that lead to bony repair at the injured growth plate including the identification of the four phases of injury repair responses (inflammatory, fibrogenic, osteogenic and remodelling), the important role of inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha in regulating downstream repair responses, the role of chemotactic and mitogenic platelet-derived growth factor in the fibrogenic response, the involvement and roles of bone morphogenic protein and Wnt/B-catenin signalling pathways, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor-based angiogenesis during the osteogenic response. These new findings could potentially lead to identification of new targets for developing a future biological therapy. In addition, recent advances in cartilage tissue engineering highlight the promising potential for utilising multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for inducing regeneration of injured growth plate cartilage. This review aims to summarise current understanding of the mechanisms for growth plate injury repair and discuss some progress, potential and challenges of MSC-based therapies to induce growth plate cartilage regeneration in combination with chemotactic and chondrogenic growth factors and supporting scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Chung
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesSansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesSansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, City East Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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