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Ismail S, Masi M, Gaglione R, Arciello A, Cimmino A. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of specialized metabolites isolated from Centaurea hyalolepis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16973. [PMID: 38560449 PMCID: PMC10979744 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of plant-derived compounds that are able to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens is an urgent demand. Over years, Centaurea hyalolepis attracted considerable attention because of its beneficial medical properties. Phytochemical analyses revealed that Centaurea plant species contain several metabolites, such as sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, and lignans.The organic extract of C. hyalolepis plant, collected in Palestine, showed significant antimicrobial properties towards a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains when the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were evaluated by broth microdilution assays. A bio-guided fractionation of the active extract via multiple steps of column and thin layer chromatography allowed us to obtain three main compounds. The isolated metabolites were identified as the STLs cnicin, 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide and salonitenolide by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. Cnicin conferred the strongest antimicrobial activity among the identified compounds. Moreover, the evaluation of its antibiofilm activity by biomass assays through crystal violet staining revealed almost 30% inhibition of biofilm formation in the case of A. baumannii ATCC 17878 strain. Furthermore, the quantification of carbohydrates and proteins present in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) revealed the ability of cnicin to significantly perturb biofilm structure. Based on these promising results, further investigations might open interesting perspectives to its applicability in biomedical field to counteract multidrug resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurooq Ismail
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Marco Masi
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Gaglione
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Arciello
- University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
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Zorrilla JG, Innangi M, Cala Peralta A, Soriano G, Russo MT, Masi M, Fernández-Aparicio M, Cimmino A. Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from Centaurea cineraria L. subsp. cineraria Inhibit the Radicle Growth of Broomrape Weeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:178. [PMID: 38256732 PMCID: PMC10818712 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The plant Centaurea cineraria L. subsp. cineraria has been investigated as a potential source of inhibitors of broomrape radicle growth. The latter are weeds that pose a threat to agriculture and for which there are few methods available for the control of infestations. Four sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated from C. cineraria L. subsp. cineraria aerial parts and identified as isocnicin, cnicin, salonitenolide, and 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide using spectroscopic, spectrometric, and optical methods. Salonitenolide and 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide have been isolated for the first time from this plant. Tested at 1.0-0.1 mM against the broomrape species Phelipanche ramosa, Orobanche minor, Orobanche crenata, and Orobanche cumana, isocnicin, cnicin, and salonitenolide demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity (over 80% in most of the cases) at the highest concentrations. Structure-activity relationship conclusions indicated the significance of the α,β-unsaturated lactone ring. In addition, the synthetic acetylated derivative of salonitenolide showed the strongest activity among all compounds tested, with inhibitions close to 100% at different concentrations, which has been related to a different lipophilicity and the absence of H-bond donor atoms in its structure. Neither the extracts nor the compounds exhibited the stimulating activity of broomrape germination (induction of suicidal germination). These findings highlight the potential of C. cineraria to produce bioactive compounds for managing parasitic weeds and prompt further studies on its sesquiterpene lactones as tools in developing natural product-based herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G. Zorrilla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, C/Avenida República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Michele Innangi
- EnvixLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| | - Antonio Cala Peralta
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, C/Avenida República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Gabriele Soriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Russo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Mónica Fernández-Aparicio
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), CSIC, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
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Tüfekçi AR, Demirtaş İ, Akşit H, Arslan Ş, Kocabıyık K, Zeybek S, Ozen T, Köksal E. Two new compounds from endemic Centaurea paphlagonica (Bornm.) Wagenitz and their cytotoxic activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14409. [PMID: 38030403 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Centaurea paphlagonica (Bornm.) Wagenitz is an endemic plant in Turkey. Pyrocatechol, vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, tamarixetin, chlorogenic acid methyl ester, quercetin, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, tamarixetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercimetrin, daucosterin, paphlagonicanin B, tamarixetin-7-O-β-rutinoside, rutin, chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, quercetagetin-3-methyl ether 6-O-β-glucopyranoside, diosmetin 6-C-β-glucopyranoside, quercetagetin 4'-methyl ether 7-O-β-glucopyranoside, paphlagonicanin A, nepetin, cirsiliol, desacylcynaropicrin, and 8α-O-(2',3'-dihydroxyisobutyryl) desacylcynaropicrin were isolated from both flower and aerial parts of C. paphlagonica. These compounds were identified using 1D and 2D NMR methods and ESI-MS. The MTT assay assessed the antiproliferative activities of all isolated (known and new compounds) compounds on Caco-2, LNCaP, A549, HeLa, and HEK-293 cell lines. The 8α-O-(2',3'-dihydroxyisobutyryl) desacylcynaropicrin demonstrated the highest activity against CaCo-2 and HeLa cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rıza Tüfekçi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Demirtaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Akşit
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Şevki Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kocabıyık
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sibel Zeybek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Ozen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Köksal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Avula B, Katragunta K, Wang YH, Ali Z, Khan IA. Simultaneous determination and characterization of flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactone, and other phenolics from Centaurea benedicta and dietary supplements using UHPLC-PDA-MS and LC-DAD-QToF. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114806. [PMID: 35533533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous identification and quantification of phenolic acid (chlorogenic acid), sesquiterpene lactone (cnicin), lignan (arctiin), and flavonoids (bracteoside, 6-methoxybracteoside, isokaempferide, and viscosine) in mixed parts of Centaurea benedicta (Syn. Cnicus benedictus) were performed for the first time. The liquid chromatography method showed an adequate performance for the separation of seven compounds. The method was validated for linearity (0.5-100 μg/mL), precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) as well as robustness. Cnicin and arctiin were detected at concentrations as low as 0.25 µg/mL. Remaining flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were detected at 0.025 μg/mL. The method demonstrated good performance in terms of intra- and inter-day precision (0.1-3.4%), accuracy (98.0-105.0%), lower and upper limits of quantification for all compounds. Analysis of various samples showed considerable variation of 0.9-10.3 mg/g for the marker compound, cnicin. Twenty-one dietary supplements, claiming to contain C. benedictus extract, were analyzed for authenticity. Thirteen (62%) of 21 products showed the presence of all analyzed compounds and were confirmed to contain C. benedictus. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) is described for the identification of compounds in plant samples. This method involved the use of protonated, deprotonated, and adduct ions for compounds in positive and negative ion modes with extractive ion chromatogram (EIC). The application of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF) provided useful information to characterize sixty-four compounds. The developed methods were also applicable for quality assessment of raw materials and dietary supplements containing C. benedictus.
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