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Köksal MO, Yalçın BK, Keskin F, Çiftçi S, Yağcı I, Hasçiçek SÖ, Başaran B, Değer K, Ağaçfidan A, Quaas A, Akgül B. Genotype Distribution and Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancer Samples from Istanbul, Turkey. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121533. [PMID: 34959488 PMCID: PMC8706355 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumors account for a significant proportion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in developed countries. In recent years, there has been a rise of HPV infections associated with HNSCC, especially HPV16, which is the most commonly detected type in oral and oropharyngeal cancers. To investigate the frequency of HPV-driven HNSCC among patients living in Turkey, HPV DNA positivity and p16INK4A expression were assessed in primary tumor biopsies (n = 106). Eighteen out of one hundred and six (19%) HNSCC tumors showed p16INK4A overexpression, and 26/106 cases (24.5%) were positive for HPV DNA. Sixteen out of twenty-six samples were positive for both HPV DNA and p16INK4A staining. HPV16 could be isolated from 22/26 samples (84.6%) and was found to be the most frequently detected HPV type. This study represents the largest cohort of Turkish patients with HNSCC characterized according to HPV status and p16INK4A expression. Our data suggest that HPV16 infection, along with smoking, contribute to the development of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Osman Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.O.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Başak Keskin Yalçın
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Fahriye Keskin
- Unit of Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-5322059794
| | - Sevgi Çiftçi
- Unit of Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ibrahim Yağcı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Sisli Hamidiye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health and Science, 34371 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Seyhan Özakkoyunlu Hasçiçek
- Department of Pathology, Sisli Hamidiye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health and Science, 34371 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Bora Başaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Kemal Değer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Ali Ağaçfidan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.O.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
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Tokgozoglu L, Kayikcioglu M, Ekinci B. The landscape of preventive cardiology in Turkey: Challenges and successes. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 6:100184. [PMID: 34327504 PMCID: PMC8315400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Turkey, like many countries, is facing a growing burden of non-communicable disease (NCD)s and is among the countries with high cardiovascular mortality in Europe. Moreover, Turkey currently has the highest rate of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Europe. During the last decades, Turkey made fundamental reforms in the health system to improve the treatment of risk factors to prevent CVD. The most outstanding success was in the area of tobacco control (13.4% decrease in smoking prevalence) and decreasing the salt consumption of the population (from 18 to 9.9 g/day) leading to a significant decrease in CVD mortality from 45% to 36.8% of all deaths. However, obesity and diabetes are increasing rapidly as a result of urbanization, low physical activity and unhealthy eating and the new generation is starting to take up smoking. The increase in cardiometabolic risk factors and aging of the population are expected to increase the number of CVD deaths. All CVD risk factors except smoking are significantly more prevalent in women. In addition, rare disease is a country specific problem with a significant contribution to the high rates of premature CVD in Turkey. Despite major improvements in management in acute coronary syndromes, sustained achievement in guideline recommended goals is suboptimal. In patients with a previous cardiovascular event smoking rate is 25.5%, 80.9% of these patients are overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), 30% obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), and LDL‐cholesterol targets of 70 mg/dL are attained in only 18%. Herein, we scrutinize the achievements and challenges of Turkey in establishing a ‘National Heart Health Policy’ aiming to decrease the burden of CVD and its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Kayikcioglu
- Department of Cardiology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Ekinci
- Department of Chronic Disease and Elderly Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
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