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Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen J, Guo Z, Liu Y, Hua H. Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:8. [PMID: 36755342 PMCID: PMC9906624 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that detect viral or bacterial infection and induce host innate immune responses. The RLRs family comprises retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) that have distinctive features. These receptors not only recognize RNA intermediates from viruses and bacteria, but also interact with endogenous RNA such as the mislocalized mitochondrial RNA, the aberrantly reactivated repetitive or transposable elements in the human genome. Evasion of RLRs-mediated immune response may lead to sustained infection, defective host immunity and carcinogenesis. Therapeutic targeting RLRs may not only provoke anti-infection effects, but also induce anticancer immunity or sensitize "immune-cold" tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RLRs signaling and discuss the rationale for therapeutic targeting RLRs in cancer. We describe how RLRs can be activated by synthetic RNA, oncolytic viruses, viral mimicry and radio-chemotherapy, and how the RNA agonists of RLRs can be systemically delivered in vivo. The integration of RLRs agonism with RNA interference or CAR-T cells provides new dimensions that complement cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we update the progress of recent clinical trials for cancer therapy involving RLRs activation and immune modulation. Further studies of the mechanisms underlying RLRs signaling will shed new light on the development of cancer therapeutics. Manipulation of RLRs signaling represents an opportunity for clinically relevant cancer therapy. Addressing the challenges in this field will help develop future generations of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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The expression patterns of immune response genes in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells of pregnant women presenting with subclinical or clinical HEV infection are different and trimester-dependent: A whole transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228068. [PMID: 32012176 PMCID: PMC6996850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E is an enteric disease highly prevalent in the developing countries. The basis for high mortality among pregnant hepatitis E patients remains unclear. Importantly, a large proportion of infected pregnant women present with subclinical infection as well. In order to understand the possible mechanisms influencing clinical presentation of hepatitis E in pregnant women, we explored a system biology approach. For this, PBMCs from various categories were subjected to RNAseq analysis. These included non-pregnant (NPR, acute and convalescent phases) and pregnant (PR, 2nd and 3rd trimesters, acute phase and subclinical HEV infections) patients and corresponding healthy controls. The current study deals with immune response genes. In contrast to exclusive up-regulation of nonspecific, early immune response transcripts in the NPR patients, the PR patients exhibited broader and heightened expression of genes associated with innate as well as adaptive T and B cell responses. The study identified for the first time (1) inverse relationship of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes overexpression and (2) association of differential expression of S100 series genes with disease presentation. The data suggests possible involvement of TLR4 and NOD1 in pregnant patients and alpha defensins in all patient categories suggesting a role in protection. Induction of IFNγ gene was not detected during the acute phase irrespective of pregnancy. Association of response to vitamin D, transcripts related to NK/NKT and regulatory T cells during subclinical infection are noteworthy. The data obtained here could be correlated with several studies reported earlier in hepatitis E patients suggesting utility of PBMCs as an alternate specimen. The extensive, informative data provided here for the first time should form basis for future studies that will help in understanding pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis E.
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Huang S, Zou S, Chen M, Gao X, Chen L, Yang X, Yu Q, Zhao X, Du Y, Yang X, Lin Y, Wang B, Lu Y, Liu J, Zheng X, Gong F, Lu M, Yang D, Wu J. Local Stimulation of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells with a NOD1 Agonist Activates T Cells and Suppresses Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3170-3179. [PMID: 29592964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional maturation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) induced by a NOD1 ligand (diaminopimelic acid [DAP]) during viral infection has not been well defined. Thus, we investigated the role of DAP-stimulated LSEC maturation during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its potential mechanism in a hydrodynamic injection (HI) mouse model. Primary LSECs were isolated from wild-type C57BL/6 mice and stimulated with DAP in vitro and in vivo and assessed for the expression of surface markers as well as for their ability to promote T cell responses via flow cytometry. The effects of LSEC maturation on HBV replication and expression and the role of LSECs in the regulation of other immune cells were also investigated. Pretreatment of LSECs with DAP induced T cell activation in vitro. HI-administered DAP induced LSEC maturation and subsequently enhanced T cell responses, which was accompanied by an increased production of intrahepatic cytokines, chemokines, and T cell markers in the liver. The HI of DAP significantly reduced the HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in the mice. Importantly, the DAP-induced anti-HBV effect was impaired in the LSEC-depleted mice, which indicated that LSEC activation and T cell recruitment into the liver were essential for the antiviral function mediated by DAP application. Taken together, the results showed that the Ag-presenting ability of LSECs was enhanced by DAP application, which resulted in enhanced T cell responses and inhibited HBV replication in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingfa Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xilang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanqin Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yinping Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; and
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
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Nosratabadi R, Alavian SM, Zare-Bidaki M, Shahrokhi VM, Arababadi MK. Innate immunity related pathogen recognition receptors and chronic hepatitis B infection. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:64-73. [PMID: 28704708 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity consists of several kinds of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which participate in the recognition of pathogens and consequently activation of innate immune system against pathogens. Recently, several investigations reported that PRRs may also play key roles in the induction/stimulation of immune system related complications in microbial infections. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), as the main cause of viral hepatitis in human, can induce several clinical forms of hepatitis B and also might be associated with hepatic complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on the important roles of PRRs in the eradication of microbial infections including viral infections and their related complications, it appears that the molecules may be a main part of immune responses against viral infections including HBV and participate in the HBV related complications. Thus, this review article has brought together information regarding the roles of PRRs in immunity against HBV and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nosratabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zare-Bidaki
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadi Shahrokhi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Akbal E, Koçak E, Köklü S, Ergül B, Akyürek Ö, Yılmaz FM. Serum Toll-Like Receptor-2, Toll-Like Receptor-4 Levels in Patients with HBeAg-Negative Chronic Viral Hepatitis B. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:278-282. [PMID: 28414577 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play an important role in hepatitis-B pathogenesis. However, serum TLR-2 and TLR-4 levels and their association with serum liver enzymes, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, quantitative HBsAg levels, and liver biopsy findings, are unknown. A total of naive 40 HBeAg (-) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 20 healthy control subjects were recruited in this study. Liver tests, HBV DNA, serum TLR-2 and TLR-4, and quantitative HBsAg levels were evaluated among all groups. The relationship among TLR-2, TLR-4, quantitative HBsAg levels and liver tests, and liver histological findings were investigated with correlation analysis. Serum TLR-2 and TLR-4 levels in HBeAg (-) CHB patients were higher than in the control group. There was a positive correlation between serum TLR-2, TLR-4, and HBV DNA and ALT levels. We have further demonstrated that serum TLR-2 levels are correlated with AST and quantitative HBsAg levels. However, TLRs levels were not linked to the liver biopsy findings. TLR can have an important role in hepatitis B pathogenesis. Liver injury in CHB may cause elevated TLR-2 and TLR-4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Akbal
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Bilim University , İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Koçak
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Bilim University , İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Köklü
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ergül
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Kırşehir State Hospital , Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Akyürek
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Medova Hospital , Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Meriç Yılmaz
- 5 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Numune Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
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Vegna S, Gregoire D, Moreau M, Lassus P, Durantel D, Assenat E, Hibner U, Simonin Y. NOD1 Participates in the Innate Immune Response Triggered by Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase. J Virol 2016; 90:6022-6035. [PMID: 27099311 PMCID: PMC4907226 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03230-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers innate immunity signaling in the infected cell. Replication of the viral genome is dispensable for this phenotype, and we along with others have recently shown that NS5B, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, synthesizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from cellular templates, thus eliciting an inflammatory response, notably via activation of type I interferon and lymphotoxin β. Here, we investigated intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in this process. Using HepaRG cells, a model that largely recapitulates the in vivo complexities of the innate immunity receptor signaling, we have confirmed that NS5B triggered increased expression of the canonical pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) specific for dsRNA, namely, RIG-I, MDA5, and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Unexpectedly, intracellular dsRNA also led to accumulation of NOD1, a receptor classically involved in recognition of bacterial peptidoglycans. NOD1 activation, confirmed by analysis of its downstream targets, was likely due to its interaction with dsRNA and was independent of RIG-I and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS-1/Cardif/VISA) signaling. It is likely to have a functional significance in the cellular response in the context of HCV infection since interference with the NOD1 pathway severely reduced the inflammatory response elicited by NS5B. IMPORTANCE In this study, we show that NOD1, a PRR that normally senses bacterial peptidoglycans, is activated by HCV viral polymerase, probably through an interaction with dsRNA, suggesting that NOD1 acts as an RNA ligand recognition receptor. In consequence, interference with NOD1-mediated signaling significantly weakens the inflammatory response to dsRNA. These results add a new level of complexity to the understanding of the cross talk between different classes of pattern recognition receptors and may be related to certain complications of chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vegna
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Gregoire
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Moreau
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Lassus
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Assenat
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, CHU St. Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Urszula Hibner
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Ebrahim M, Mirzaei V, Bidaki R, Shabani Z, Daneshvar H, Karimi-Googheri M, Khaleghinia M, Afrooz MR, Yousefpoor Y, Arababadi MK. Are RIG-1 and MDA5 Expressions Associated with Chronic HBV Infection? Viral Immunol 2015; 28:504-8. [PMID: 26485346 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1) as the pattern recognition receptors play important roles in viral mRNA recognition. Chronic HBV-infected (CHB) patients are unable to properly respond to hepatitis B virus (HBV). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG-1 in the peripheral blood immune cells of CHB patients in comparison to healthy controls. In this cross-sectional study, the mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG-1 were examined in 60 CHB patients and 60 healthy controls using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Our results showed that mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG-1 were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in CHB patients when compared to healthy controls. Our results also revealed that mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG-1 were not altered among CHB patients with various states of e-antigen of hepatitis B and HBV-DNA viral loads. According to the results presented here, it may be concluded that downregulation of MDA5 may be a responsible mechanism from several reasons, which leads to HBV persistence in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebrahim
- 1 Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Mirzaei
- 2 Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Bidaki
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ziba Shabani
- 2 Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Daneshvar
- 4 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Karimi-Googheri
- 4 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaleghinia
- 4 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Yousefpoor
- 6 Khalil Abad Health Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- 2 Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan, Iran
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Di Paolo NC. Recognition of human oncogenic viruses by host pattern-recognition receptors. Front Immunol 2014; 5:353. [PMID: 25101093 PMCID: PMC4105630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oncogenic viruses include Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Kaposi's associated sarcoma virus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. It would be expected that during virus-host interaction, the immune system would recognize these pathogens and eliminate them. However, through evolution, these viruses have developed a number of strategies to avoid such an outcome and successfully establish chronic infections. The persistent nature of the infection caused by these viruses is associated with their oncogenic potential. In this article, we will review the latest information on the interaction between oncogenic viruses and the innate immune system of the host. In particular, we will summarize the available knowledge on the recognition by host pattern-recognition receptors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns present in the incoming viral particle or generated during the virus' life cycle. We will also review the data on the recognition of cell-derived danger associated molecular patterns generated during the virus infection that may impact the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction and the development cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Di Paolo
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
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