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Degrugillier L, Prautsch KM, Schaefer DJ, Guzman R, Kalbermatten DF, Schären S, Madduri S. Systematic investigation and comparison of US FDA-approved immunosuppressive drugs FK506, cyclosporine and rapamycin for neuromuscular regeneration following chronic nerve compression injury. Regen Med 2021; 16:989-1003. [PMID: 34633207 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare therapeutic benefits of different immunophilin ligands for treating nerve injuries. Materials & methods: Cyclosporine, FK506 and rapamycin, were evaluated first in vitro on a serum-free culture of embryonic dorsal root ganglia followed by a new in vivo model of chronic nerve compression. Results: Outcomes of the in vitro study have shown a potent effect of cyclosporine and FK506, on dorsal root ganglia axonal outgrowth, comparable to the effect of nerve growth factor. Rapamycin exhibited only a moderate effect. The in vivo study revealed the beneficial effects of cyclosporine, FK506 and rapamycin for neuromuscular regeneration. Cyclosporine showed the better maintenance of the tissues and function. Conclusion: Cyclosporine, FK506 and rapamycin drugs showed potential for treating peripheral nerve chronic compression injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Degrugillier
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4021, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Katharina M Prautsch
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4021, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel, 4021, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel, 4021, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel, 4021, Switzerland.,Bioengineering & Neuroregeneration, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland.,Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, 14, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schären
- Department of Spinal Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4021, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel, 4021, Switzerland.,Bioengineering & Neuroregeneration, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland.,Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, 14, Switzerland
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Effect of Different Doses and Times of FK506 on Different Areas of the Hippocampus in the Rat Model of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. Neurol Res Int 2019; 2019:8047672. [PMID: 31467711 PMCID: PMC6699343 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8047672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a major worldwide problem that is leading to a high mortality rate in humans. Ischemia, as the most common type of stroke, is characterized by tissue damage that can occur due to insufficient blood flow to the brain even for a brief duration, leading to the release of inflammatory factors, cytokines, and free radicals. In this study, we investigated the effective dose and injection time of FK506 as an immunophilin ligand for providing a suitable effect on cells of CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Methods In this in vivo study, a total of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups. The ischemia model was induced by the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. The doses of FK506 (3, 6, and 10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously (IV) at the beginning of reperfusion, followed by repeated injections (10 mg/kg) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ischemia, respectively. Brains were removed and prepared for Nissl staining and the TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling method. Results Data showed that global ischemia did not decrease the number of viable pyramidal cells in CA2 and CA3 regions, but significant differences were observed in the number of viable granular cells and apoptotic bodies in the dentate gyrus between the control and ischemia groups. Repeated doses of 6 mg/kg of FK506 at an interval of 48 hours were deemed to be the suitable dose and best time of injection. Conclusions It seems that FK506 can ameliorate the extent of apoptosis and may be a good candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced brain damage.
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