Total testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio assessed by LC-MS/MS predicts a worse metabolic profile not only in PCOS patients

Implantation and Decidualization in PCOS: Unraveling the Complexities of Pregnancy

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-15% globally with a large proportion undiagnosed. This review explores the multifaceted nature of PCOS and its impact on pregnancy, including challenges in fertility due to hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance. Despite restoring ovulation pharmacologically, women with PCOS face lower pregnancy rates and higher risks of implantation failure and miscarriage. Our review focuses on the complexities of hormonal and metabolic imbalances that impair endometrial receptivity and decidualization in PCOS. Disrupted estrogen signaling, reduced integrity of endometrial epithelial tight junctions, and insulin resistance impair the window of endometrial receptivity. Furthermore, progesterone resistance adversely affects decidualization. Our review also examines the roles of various immune cells and inflammatory processes in the endometrium, contributing to the condition's reproductive challenges. Lastly, we discuss the use of rodent models in understanding PCOS, particularly those induced by hormonal interventions, offering insights into the syndrome's impact on pregnancy and potential treatments. This comprehensive review underscores the need for advanced understanding and treatment strategies to address the reproductive complications associated with PCOS, emphasizing its intricate interplay of hormonal, metabolic, and immune factors.

Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female reproductive disorder that often manifests during adolescence and is associated with disruptions in health-related quality of life. Prompt evaluation and clinical support after diagnosis may prevent associated complications and optimize overall health management. This article incorporates the most recent evidence and consensus guidelines to provide an updated review of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies for adolescents with this complex condition. We will review the recent international guidelines on PCOS; because the diagnosis of PCOS remains controversial, management of this condition is inconsistent. In 2019, PCOS remains a common, yet neglected, condition, in part, because of the lack of agreement around both diagnosis and management.

Study of Seizure-Manifested Hartnup Disorder Case Induced By Novel Mutations in SLC6A19

AIM

The aim of the study is to investigate a variation in the gene SLC6A19 in a female patient with Hartnup disorder manifested only by seizure.

METHODS

DNA samples collected from the patient and her parents were analyzed and twelve exons of the SLC6A19 gene were amplified and sequenced.

RESULTS

We found c.47C>T and c.1522G>A mutations in the gene SLC6A19 belonging to the patient, which are missense mutations inherited from her parents. The c.47C>T mutation is from her father and c.1522G>A is inherited from her mother. The parents are both heterozygous healthy carriers.

CONCLUSION

Two novel mutations of the SLC6A19 gene are revealed in the female patient with Hartnup disorder, exhibiting no typical dermatologic problems, but having dramatic neurological symptoms.